Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2017-07-17T11:02:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Messias Henrique Vieira Silva - 2017.pdf: 5254101 bytes, checksum: a686ed3b5fe20282056da703d94dd863 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-07-17T11:26:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Messias Henrique Vieira Silva - 2017.pdf: 5254101 bytes, checksum: a686ed3b5fe20282056da703d94dd863 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-17T11:26:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Messias Henrique Vieira Silva - 2017.pdf: 5254101 bytes, checksum: a686ed3b5fe20282056da703d94dd863 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-04 / This dissertation address the use of mathematical software Scilab and Maxima as instruments of study and teaching of linear systems. Initially, it is presented an introductory study on: Linear Algebra, linear systems and some method applied to solve linear systems. Following, it is used Scilab to solve possible and determined systems and it is applied Maxima to calculate determinants of matrices of order higher than three to solve possible and indeterminate systems. In the end,it is presented a approach on the solution of linear systems through of the graphical representation of their equations, starting in systems of two equations with graphs in the xOy plane and ending with systems of three equations with graphics on three-dimensional space, all of this assited by Scilab and Maxima. / Esta dissertação trata da utilização dos softwares matemáticos Scilab e Maxima como instrumentos de estudo e ensino de sistemas lineares. Inicialmente, é apresentado um estudo introdutório a respeito da Álgebra Linear, dos tipos de sistemas lineares e de formas manuais de resolução. Em seguida, aborda-se a utilização do Scilab para resolver sistemas possíveis e determinados e do Maxima para calcular determinantes de matrizes de ordem superior a três e ainda resolver sistemas possíveis e indeterminados. Por fim, apresenta-se uma abordagem acerca da solução de sistemas lineares através da representação grá#ca de suas equações, começando em sistemas de duas equações com gráficos no plano xOy e encerrando com sistemas de três equações com gráficos no espaço tridimensional, tudo isso com a utilização do Scilab e do Maxima.

Este trabalho é o resultado da minha pesquisa desen-volvida sobre a gravura de reprodução da Escola de Xilografia do Horto e seus desdobramentos. Focada em um processo criativo pessoal, apresento uma série de gravuras realizadas na madeira umburana e em metal, utili-zando ferramentas como o buril e goivas. Também faz parte desta pesqui-sa um CD com imagens fotográficas de todas as matrizes pertencentes ao acervo do Museu Florestal Octávio Vecchi. / This work is the result of my research developed on the reproduction engraving of the School Horto florestal of Woodcut-ting and its deployments. Introducing a series of prints made in umbura-na wood and metal using tools like the chisel and gouge, focused on a personal creative process. This research also contains a CD recorded with images of all matrices belonging to the Forest Museum Octavio Vecchi.

O consumo abusivo de substâncias psicoativas é um problema de saúde pública, sendo as análises toxicológicas uma importante ferramenta para seu controle. Atualmente, o cabelo está entre as mais utilizadas matrizes biológicas para análise de substâncias psicoativas, devido principalmente ao seu amplo período de deteção. As análises toxicológicas de drogas de abuso podem ser conduzidas através de técnicas de triagem seguidas por técnicas confirmatórias para os resultados positivos. No presente trabalho, foi avaliada a adaptação do método de triagem para substâncias psicoativas em cabelo a partir do kit para imunoensaio em sangue DOA I WB P com a tecnologia Biochip - Randox Laboratórios®. As análises foram realizadas para as classes das anfetaminas, benzodiazepínicos, barbitúricos, cocaína, opiáceos e canabinoides. Os ensaios imunológicos seguiram a partir da análise de amostras reais, adicionadas e artificiais sendo todas previamente confirmadas por técnica de cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC-MS). Pelos resultados obtidos pôde-se observar que o kit não apresenta capacidade de analisar a classe de canabinoides. Já para os opiáceos, barbitúricos e anfetamina a aplicação do imunoensaio se mostrou promissora, entretanto a falta de amostras reais positivas impossibilitou a validação do método. Para cocaína, possíveis fontes de contaminação podem ter alterado os resultados impossibilitando a sua avaliação. Benzodiazepínicos, MDMA e metanfetamina apresentaram efeito matriz significativo, não havendo diferenciação entre amostras positivas e negativas. Desta forma, a validação e aplicação do método de imunoensaio para amostras de cabelo não foi possível devido ao elevado efeito de matriz apresentado pelo kit e a falta de amostras reais positivas impossibilitando a validação de parâmetros como sensibilidade, especificidade e exatidão. / The abuse of psychoactive substances is a public health problem and toxicological analysis is an important tool for its control. Currently, hair is among the most widely used biological matrices psychoactive substance analysis, mainly for its detection window. The toxicological analysis of drugs of abuse may be conduted by screening techniques followed by confirmation techniques for positive results. In the present work, an adaptation of a screening method for psychoactive substances in hair was evaluated from the DOA I WB P blood immunoassay kit with a Biochip - Randox Laboratories® technology. The analysis were performed for the drug classes of amphetamines, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, cocaine, opiates and cannabinoids. The immunological assays followed the analysis of real, spiked and artificial samples that have been previously confirmed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. From the results obtained it was observed that the kit does not sufficient capacity for analysis of cannabinoids. As for opiates, barbiturates and amphetamines, the immunoassay application proved to be promising. However, a lack of real samples made it impossible to validate the method. For cocaine, finding sources of contamination may have altered the results, making it impossible to evaluate. Benzodiazepines, MDMA and methamphetamine showed significant matrix effect, with no difference between positive and negative samples. Thus, a validation and application of the immunoassay method for hair samples was not possible due to the high matrix effect for the kit and a lack of actual samples making it extremely difficult to validate parameters such as sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.

This thesis has treated the subject of DCC-GARCH model’s forecasting ability and Value-at- Risk applications on the Scandinavian foreign exchange market. The estimated models were based on daily opening foreign exchange spot rates in the period of 2004-2013, which captured the information in the financial crisis of 2008 and Eurozone crisis in the early 2010s. The forecasts were performed on a one-day rolling window in 2014. The results show that the DCC-GARCH model accurately predicted the fluctuation in the conditional correlation, although not with the correct magnitude. Furthermore, the DCC-GARCH model shows good Value-at-Risk forecasting performance for different portfolios containing the Scandinavian currencies.

Heart failure is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Every year in the United States, more than 800,000 people are diagnosed with heart failure and more than 375,000 people die from heart disease. Current therapies such as heart transplants and bioartificial hearts are helpful, but not optimal. Decellularization of porcine whole hearts followed by recellularization with patient-specific human cells may provide the ultimate solution for patients with heart failure. Great progress has been made in the development of efficient processes for decellularization, and the design of automated bioreactors. In this study, the decellularization of porcine hearts was accomplished in 24 h with only 6 h of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) exposure and 98% DNA removal. Automatically controlling the pressure during decellularization reduced the detergent exposure time while still completely removing immunogenic cell debris. Stimulation of macrophages was greatly reduced when comparing native tissue samples to the processed ECM. Complete cell removal was confirmed by analysis of DNA content. General collagen and elastin preservation was demonstrated by SEM and histology. The compression elastic modulus of the ECM after decellularization was lower than native at low strains but there was no significant difference at high strains. Polyurethane casts of the vasculature of native and decellularized hearts demonstrated that the microvasculature network was preserved after decellularization. A static blood thrombosis assay using bovine blood was also developed. A perfusion bioreactor was designed and right ventricle of the decellularized hearts were recellularized with human endothelial cells and cardiac fibroblasts. An effective, reliable, and relatively inexpensive assay based on human blood hemolysis was developed for determining the remaining cytotoxicity of the cECM and the results were consistent with a standard live/dead assay using MS1 endothelial cells incubated with the cECM. Samples from the left ventricle of the hearts were prepared with 300 µm thickness, mounted on 10 mm round glass coverslips. Human induced pluripotent stem cells were differentiated into cardiomyocytes (CMs) and 4 days after differentiation, cardiac progenitors were seeded onto the decellularized cardiac slices. After 10 days, the tissues started to beat spontaneously. Immunofluorescence images showed confluent coverage of CMs on the decellularized slices and the effect of the scaffold was evident in the arrangement of the CMs in the direction of fibers. This study demonstrated the biocompatibility of decellularized porcine hearts with human CMs and the potential of these scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering. Further studies can be directed toward 3D perfusion recellularization of the hearts and improving repopulation of the scaffolds with various cell types as well as adding mechanical and electrical stimulations to obtain more mature CMs.

De nombreux problèmes scientifiques et industriels ont besoin de la résolution de systèmes linéaires non symétriques à grande échelle, qui sont décrits par des matrices creuses de très grande taille. On utilise fréquemment dans ce cas des méthodes numériques itératives et on fait appel au parallélisme pour une résolution rapide et efficace. L'algorithme GMRES(m) est une méthode itérative qui donne de bons résultats dans la plupart des cas. Mais on observe une limitation à sa parallélisation en raison des nombreuses communications produites. Dans quelques cas, la convergence est atteinte très lentement, voire jamais. Nous présentons dans cette thèse une méthode hybride GMRES(m)/LS-Arnoldi qui accélère la convergence grâce à la connaissance des valeurs propres calculées parallèlement par la méthode d'Arnoldi pour les cas réels, avec son implantation sur des supercalculateurs. Une extension aux cas complexes est également étudiée. La dernière tendance du calcul global, le calcul de grille, propose l'exploitation massive des ressources vacantes des réseaux locaux ainsi que sur Internet. Son avantage peut être énorme pour l'exécution d'applications parallèles. L'environnement XtremWeb est un système de grille léger, tolérant aux défaillances et sécurisé pour l'exécution d'applications parallèles. Il est un environnement de calcul haute-performance, une plate- forme de grille logicielle d'expérimentation pour des institutions académiques ou industrielles. Nous présentons dans cette thèse les implantations de la méthode GMRES(m) sur ce système de grille XtremWeb ainsi que sur un environnement distribué de calcul LAM-MPI. Nous avons fait de multiples tests sur grille et supercalculateur. Des performances que nous avons obtenues, nous constatons les avantages et les inconvénients de ces plates-formes de calcul différentes.

Les matériaux composites à matrices thermodurcissables et renforcés de fibres de verre ont des caractéristiques thermomécaniques élevées à l'état initial. Le développement de ces structures composites est étroitement liée à une meilleure connaissance de leur comportement en service face au vieillissement hygrothermique en particulier. La sensibilité des interfaces à l'humidité est retenue comme étant une cause majeure de la chute des propriétés mécaniques. La démarche de ce travail de thèse consiste à mener des investigations sur des matériaux composites unidirectionnels, permettant ainsi une sollicitation préférentielle de l'interface fibre/matrice. Une étude fine de l'interphase est menée afin de réunir des informations précises sur l'étendue de cette zone, sa structure et sa sensibilité vis-à-vis du vieillissement. L'étude des comportements de ces composites repose sur l'utilisation de techniques expérimentales de caractérisation à différentes échelles. Trois systèmes différents par leur mobilité moléculaire et leur comportement face au vieillissement sont étudiés. A l'état initial, l'étendue de la zone interfaciale a été estimée par la micro-analyse thermique localisée qui montre une augmentation de la mobilité moléculaire depuis la matrice jusqu'aux monofilaments. Quelle que soit la nature de la matrice, l'interphase a été trouvé sous-réticulée et /ou plastifiée. L'étude du vieillissement hygrothermique passe par la détermination des cinétiques d'absorption d'eau. Le modèle de Langmuir à deux phases est en accord avec les évolutions physiques observées. Dans les premiers temps de vieillissement, les molécules d'eau se lient par simple liaison hydrogène aux sites hydrophiles entraînant la plastification. Puis elles s'organisent en créant un réseau secondaire par des ponts intermoléculaires. La microanalyse thermique révèle en effet un réseau plus dense dans l'interphase en lien avec la chute des propriétés mécaniques du composite fragilisé à l'interface. La mobilité moléculaire et la nature de la matrice influencent donc le comportement hygrothermique.

Cette thèse se rattache à l'algèbre linéaire formelle. Elle est composée de deux parties: la première, consacrée à l'étude des formes normales de matrices, constitue un ensemble d'outils utilisés dans la seconde qui, pour sa part, présente des méthodes matricielles de résolution de deux types de systèmes différentiels: les systèmes différentiels à coefficients constants et les systèmes différentiels ayant un point singulier régulier isolé. Dans la première partie, nous avons étudié, implémentés dans le système de calcul formel AXIOM, et comparés tant de manière théorique qu'expérimentale des algorithmes de calcul de diverses formes normales (Frobenius, Smith, Jordan) de matrices à coefficients rationnels. Dans la seconde, nous avons montré quels sont les avantages et les inconvénients de l'utilisation de ces algorithmes pour trois applications: le calcul de l'exponentielle d'une matrice, la résolution d'équations matricielles et la résolution matricielle de systèmes différentiels ayant une singularité régulière isolée. En particulier, nous avons abordé le problème épineux de la manipulation des nombres algébriques apparaissant nécessairement lorsque l'on calcule formellement, la forme de Jordan d'une matrice à coefficients rationnels

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