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The seasonal retreat of sea ice in the austral spring and summer around Antarctica has a significant effect on phytoplankton activity, mainly due to light availability, meltwater input of dissolved iron, and surface water stratification. Phytoplankton produce dimethylsulfoniopropionate, the precursor to the climate-cooling gas dimethyl sulphide, which is ventilated to the atmosphere and oxidised to methane sulphonic acid (MSA). MSA is preserved in firn and ice cores from both the Arctic and Antarctica. Attempts to reconstruct sea ice conditions in different regions of Antarctica with the help of MSA records from ice cores have had varying success, highlighting the often-regional relationship between ice core MSA and sea ice. This study uses MSA records from three firn cores and one ice core drilled on Fimbul Ice Shelf in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, to investigate the relationship to satellite-derived sea ice extent (SIE) in five sectors of the Southern Ocean. Chlorophyll-a concentrations, serving as a measure of phytoplankton biomass, are correlated to the MSA records to further test the MSA – SIE relationship. The firn cores are named after the ice rise where they were drilled: Kupol Ciolkovskogo (KC), Kupol Moskovskij (KM), and Blåskimen Island (BI). The ice core is named S100. The results show that there is a significant, yet weak positive correlation between summer MSA in the KM core and winter SIE in the Weddell Sea Sector. There is also a significant, weak positive correlation between summer MSA in the BI core and summer chlorophyll-a concentrations in the Weddell Sea Sector. There are no significant correlations between MSA in the low-accumulation KC or S100 cores and SIE or chlorophyll-a concentrations. Furthermore, the two high-accumulation core sites in this study, BI and KM, do not display the same relationship between MSA and SIE or MSA and chlorophyll-a, which is likely due to very local wind patterns. Surface winds on Fimbul Ice Shelf are easterly or north-easterly which results in a more coastal influence at the KM site compared to the BI site, likely introducing the differences observed when comparing the two MSA records. More research aimed at evaluating the meteorological conditions that prevail at the core sites is needed to further assess the use of the MSA records from the high-accumulation ice rise cores BI and KM as proxies for SIE in the Weddell Sea region, but in their current state these MSA records are not suitable to use for sea ice reconstruction. / Havsisen kring Antarktis smälter årligen under vår- och sommarmånaderna, vilket har en betydande inverkan på fytoplankton eftersom isen reglerar tillgången till solljus, det viktiga näringsämnet järn samt vattenkolumnens stabilitet. Fytoplankton producerar ämnet dimetylsulfid som oxideras till metansulfonsyra (MSA) i atmosfären. MSA kan sedan transporteras till Antarktis där det avsätts och bevaras i snön. Genom att borra upp iskärnor kan man erhålla ett daterat MSA-arkiv, som i flera fall har använts för att försöka rekonstruera havsisens utbredning. Dessa försök har haft varierande framgång, vilket beror på att förhållandet mellan MSA och havsis ofta är regionalt betingat. I den här studien har MSA-arkiven från tre firnkärnor och en iskärna tagna från Fimbulisen i Dronning Maud Land, Östra Antarktis, använts för att undersöka förhållandet till havsisutbredning i Antarktiska Oceanen. Dessutom har klorofyll-a, ett sätt att mäta fytoplanktonens biomassa i havet, också korrelerats till MSA-arkiven för att ytterligare testa förhållandet mellan MSA och havsis. Firnkärnorna är döpta efter platsen de borrades på: Kupol Ciolkovskogo (KC), Kupol Moskovskij (KM) och Blåskimen Island (BI). Iskärnan kallas S100. Resultaten av korrelationsberäkningarna påvisar en signifikant men svagt positiv korrelation mellan sommar-MSA i KM-kärnan och havsisutbredning under vintern i Weddellhavet. Dessutom finns det en signifikant, svag korrelation mellan sommar-MSA i BI-kärnan och klorofyll-a under sommaren i Weddellhavet. Inga signifikanta korrelationer mellan MSA i KC- eller S100-kärnorna och havsis eller klorofyll-a kan påvisas. Det faktum att MSA-arkiven från BI- och KM-kärnorna inte uppvisar samma förhållande till havsisutbredning eller klorofyll-a kan förklaras av de lokala vind- och transportmönstren som är aktiva på olika delar av Fimbulisen. Marknära vindar är ostliga eller nordostliga i det här området vilket resulterar i ett högre inflytande av kustliga vindar vid KM jämfört med vid BI. Detta är förmodligen tillräckligt för att påverka MSA-arkiven att uppvisa olika korrelationsmönster till havsis och klorofyll-a. För att fortsatt utreda lämpligheten av MSA-arkiven från KM och BI för att rekonstruera havsisutbredning i Weddellhavet behövs mer forskning kring de specifika meteorologiska förhållanden som är aktiva på Fimbulisen.

Ma thèse de doctorat s’intéresse aux représentations de la France dans l’Irlande nationaliste de 1879 à 1921. Mon analyse évolue autour du concept d’un « mythe français » construit en grande part dans les années 1840. Ce mythe imposa l’image d’une France ennemie de l’Angleterre et conséquemment alliée de l’Irlande et des nations opprimées. Cette approche introduit une nouvelle compréhension des relations du nationalisme irlandais avec la France et son mythe ; une relation qui influença la définition d’une idéologie nationaliste et la formation d’un ensemble de représentations où la France et ses images, utilisées au sein de la rhétorique nationaliste irlandaise au cours du 19e siècle, devint un modèle ainsi qu’une source d’inspiration et de fierté. Ceci permit aux nationalistes irlandais, en particulier séparatistes, de construire une version positive de leurs revendications qui ne serait plus seulement basée sur une lutte ancestrale contre l’Angleterre. C’est ce que cette thèse expose dans le cas d’Arthur Griffith, fondateur du Sinn Féin et inspiré par l’expérience franco-irlandaise de Maud Gonne, une virulente nationaliste irlandaise. Ce travail démontre également que le « mythe français » a eut une grande influence sur les politiques du nationalisme irlandais. Il se concentre tout particulièrement sur la « politique française » de Charles Stewart Parnell durant la « Land War » puis sur celle de John Redmond dans les années 1890, sur l’intense bataille rhétorique menée après la mort de Parnell entre parnelliens et anti-parnelliens, et sur les tensions entre pro et anti-alliés au cours de la Première Guerre mondiale. / >My doctoral thesis looked at the representations of France in nationalist Ireland from 1879 until 1921. My argument is centred on the concept of a “mythe français” developed in most part in the 1840s. This myth imposed the image of France as an enemy of England, and thus an ally of Ireland and of oppressed nationalities. This approach introduces a new understanding of Irish nationalist relations with France and her myth; a relationship that influenced the definition of a nationalist ideology and the set of representations that looked at France and her images, used in nationalist rhetoric through the nineteenth century, as a model as well as a source of inspiration and pride. This allowed Irish nationalists, in particular separatists, to build a positive image for their demands, one that would not solely rely on an ancestral struggle against England. I have shown that such was the case with Arthur Griffith, founder of the Sinn Féin movement and inspired by the Franco-Irish experience of Maud Gonne, a virulent Irish activist. I have also argued that the “mythe français” had a strong impact on Irish nationalist politics. I focused on Charles Stewart Parnell’s and John Redmond’s “French” policy during the Land War and the 1890s, on the intense rhetorical battle between parnellites and anti-parnellites after the death of Parnell, and on pro- and anti-ally debates during the First World War.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:37:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Pereira DOnofrio.pdf: 430951 bytes, checksum: f36788577a3f6671901b039c26cddf12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / While treating a patient diagnosed with light mental deficiency, I try to make a theoretical-clinical reflection aiming to understand the peculiarities of the clinic for this kind of patient. My first contact with this kind of patient was through SORRI- São José dos Campos, where I started my quest in this very special clinic. My Aim was to understand the subjectivity of patients with this diagnosis and to create possible clinical interventions. To achieve it a theoretical study about the influence of family bonds of children with light mental deficiency and their consequences on these children s emotional development was necessary. Based on the theories of D. W. Winnicott about mental growth and of Maud Mannoni about children with mental deficiency, I was able to create actings based on the fact that this clinic is related not only to the patients but also to their families which are deeply hurt by the pain of having a person with this diagnosis within them / Por meio de um atendimento de um paciente diagnosticado como deficiência mental leve, procuro realizar uma reflexão teórico-clínica, buscando compreender as peculiaridades da clínica com esse tipo de paciente. Foi a partir dos encaminhamentos da SORRI- São José dos Campos que tive o contato com esses pacientes, iniciando meu percurso e minhas questões sobre essa clínica tão peculiar. Tendo como objetivo compreender a subjetividade dos pacientes com esse diagnóstico e formular as possíveis intervenções clínicas, se fez necessário um estudo teórico que abordasse a influência dos vínculos familiares de uma criança com deficiência mental leve e as consequências destes para o seu desenvolvimento emocional. Através das teorias de D. W. Winnicott sobre o amadurecimento e de Maud Mannoni sobre a criança com deficiência, pude elaborar algumas formas de atuação a partir da compreensão da maneira como essa clínica envolve não apenas o paciente em questão como também sua família, tão atingida pela dor ao ter em seu seio uma pessoa com esse diagnóstico

<p>This thesis contributes to the understanding of glacier response to climate change by ice dynamical studies on Storglaciären, Sweden, and Bonnevie-Svendsenbreen, Kibergbreen and Plogbreen in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Ice surface velocities, ice geometry and temperature information is fed through a force budget model to calculate ice mass outflux of these glacial systems via three-dimensional stress distributions for a flux-gate. </p><p>Field data were collected through repeated DGPS and GPR observations on Storglaciären between July 2000 to September 2001 and on Kibergbreen and Plobreen during the SWEDARP 2002/03 expedition to Antarctica. The work was strongly supported by remotely-sensed information.</p><p>The results from Storglaciären show a strength in the force budget model to discern both spatial and temporal variability in ice dynamical patterns. It highlights the influence of seasonality and bedrock topography upon glacier flow. A modeling experiment on Bonnevie-Svendsenbreen suggested that ice temperature increases substantially under conditions of high stress (≥0.4 MPa) due to strain-heating. This provides a positive feedback loop, increasing ice deformation, as long as it overcomes the advection of cool ice from the surface. These results explain, to some extent, the mechanism behind fast flowing ice streams. Mass flux caclulations from Bonnevie-Svendsenbreen suggest that the outflux given from force budget calculations can be used as a gauge for influx assuming steady state conditions. Plogbreen receives an influx of 0.48±0.1 km³ a^-1 and expedites a discharge volume of 0.55±0.05 km³ a^-1. This indicative negative mass balance is explained by a falling trend in upstream accumulation and the recent rise in global sea level, as it is likely to induce glacier acceleration due to a reduction in resistive forces at the site of the gate. This result is comparable with other Antarctic studies reporting negative mass balances, e.g. from WAIS, as caused by changes in the global atmospheric circulation pattern.</p>

This thesis contributes to the understanding of glacier response to climate change by ice dynamical studies on Storglaciären, Sweden, and Bonnevie-Svendsenbreen, Kibergbreen and Plogbreen in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Ice surface velocities, ice geometry and temperature information is fed through a force budget model to calculate ice mass outflux of these glacial systems via three-dimensional stress distributions for a flux-gate. Field data were collected through repeated DGPS and GPR observations on Storglaciären between July 2000 to September 2001 and on Kibergbreen and Plobreen during the SWEDARP 2002/03 expedition to Antarctica. The work was strongly supported by remotely-sensed information. The results from Storglaciären show a strength in the force budget model to discern both spatial and temporal variability in ice dynamical patterns. It highlights the influence of seasonality and bedrock topography upon glacier flow. A modeling experiment on Bonnevie-Svendsenbreen suggested that ice temperature increases substantially under conditions of high stress (≥0.4 MPa) due to strain-heating. This provides a positive feedback loop, increasing ice deformation, as long as it overcomes the advection of cool ice from the surface. These results explain, to some extent, the mechanism behind fast flowing ice streams. Mass flux caclulations from Bonnevie-Svendsenbreen suggest that the outflux given from force budget calculations can be used as a gauge for influx assuming steady state conditions. Plogbreen receives an influx of 0.48±0.1 km3 a-1 and expedites a discharge volume of 0.55±0.05 km3 a-1. This indicative negative mass balance is explained by a falling trend in upstream accumulation and the recent rise in global sea level, as it is likely to induce glacier acceleration due to a reduction in resistive forces at the site of the gate. This result is comparable with other Antarctic studies reporting negative mass balances, e.g. from WAIS, as caused by changes in the global atmospheric circulation pattern.

Knowledge of a species habitat-use patterns, as well as an understanding of the distribution and spatial arrangement of preferred habitat, is essential for developing comprehensive management or conservation plans. This information is absent for many species, especially so for those living or breeding in remote areas. Habitat-use models can assist in delineating specific habitat requirements or preferences of a species. When coupled with geographic information system (GIS) technology, such models are now frequently used to identify important habitats and to better define species distributions.<p> Recent and persistent warming, widespread contaminant accumulation, and intensifying land use in the arctic heighten the urgent need for better information about spatial distributions and key habitats for northern wildlife. Here, I used aerial survey and corresponding digital land cover data to investigate breeding-ground distributions and landscape-level habitat associations of greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons frontalis), small Canada geese (Branta canadensis hutchinsii), tundra swans (Cygnus columbianus), king eiders (Somateria spectabilis), and long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis) in the Queen Maud Gulf Migratory Bird Sanctuary and the Rasmussen Lowlands, Nunavut, Canada.<p> First, I addressed the sensitivity of inferences about predicting waterfowl presence on the basis of the amounts and configurations of arctic habitat sampled at four scales. Detection and direction of relationships of focal species with land cover covariates often varied when land cover data were analysed at different scales. For instance, patterns of habitat use for a given species at one spatial scale may not necessarily be predicted from patterns arising from measurements taken at other scales. Thus, inference based on species-habitat patterns from some scales may lead to inaccurate depictions of how habitat influences species. Potential variation in species-environment relationships relative to spatial scale needs to be acknowledged by wildlife managers to avoid inappropriate management decisions.<p> Second, I used bird presence determined during aerial surveys and classified satellite imagery to develop species-habitat models for describing breeding-ground distributions and habitat associations of each focal species. Logistic regression models identified lowland land cover types to be particularly important for the species considered. I used the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) technique and the area under the curve (AUC) metric to evaluate the precision of models, where the AUC is equal to the probability that two randomly selected encounter and non-encounter survey segments will be discriminated as such by the model. In the Queen Maud Gulf, AUC values indicated reasonable model discrimination for white-fronted geese, Canada geese, and tundra swans (i.e, AUC > 0.7). Precision of species-habitat models for king eiders and long-tailed ducks was lower than other species considered, but predict encounters and non-encounters significantly better than the null model. For all species, precision of species-habitat models was lower in the Rasmussen Lowlands than in the Queen Maud Gulf, although discrimination ability remained significantly better than the null model for three of five species (king eider and long-tailed duck models performed no better than the null model here).<p> Finally, I simulated anticipated environmental change (i.e., climate warming) in the arctic by applying species-habitat models to manipulated land cover data, and then predicted distributional responses of focal species. All species considered in this research exhibited some association to lowland cover types; white-fronted geese, Canada geese, and tundra swans in particular demonstrated strong affinity toward these habitats. Others authors predict lowland cover types to be most affected by warming. Reductions of wet sedge, hummock, and tussock graminoid cover predicted in this simulation, predominantly along the coast of the Queen Maud Gulf study area and in central areas of the Rasmussen Lowlands, suggest that distributions of species dependant on these lowland habitats will be significantly reduced, if predictions about warming and habitat loss prove to be correct. Research presented here provides evidence that modeling of species distributions using landscape-level habitat data is a tractable method to identify habitat associations, to determine key habitats and regions, and to forecast species responses to environmental changes.

Knowledge of a species habitat-use patterns, as well as an understanding of the distribution and spatial arrangement of preferred habitat, is essential for developing comprehensive management or conservation plans. This information is absent for many species, especially so for those living or breeding in remote areas. Habitat-use models can assist in delineating specific habitat requirements or preferences of a species. When coupled with geographic information system (GIS) technology, such models are now frequently used to identify important habitats and to better define species distributions.<p> Recent and persistent warming, widespread contaminant accumulation, and intensifying land use in the arctic heighten the urgent need for better information about spatial distributions and key habitats for northern wildlife. Here, I used aerial survey and corresponding digital land cover data to investigate breeding-ground distributions and landscape-level habitat associations of greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons frontalis), small Canada geese (Branta canadensis hutchinsii), tundra swans (Cygnus columbianus), king eiders (Somateria spectabilis), and long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis) in the Queen Maud Gulf Migratory Bird Sanctuary and the Rasmussen Lowlands, Nunavut, Canada.<p> First, I addressed the sensitivity of inferences about predicting waterfowl presence on the basis of the amounts and configurations of arctic habitat sampled at four scales. Detection and direction of relationships of focal species with land cover covariates often varied when land cover data were analysed at different scales. For instance, patterns of habitat use for a given species at one spatial scale may not necessarily be predicted from patterns arising from measurements taken at other scales. Thus, inference based on species-habitat patterns from some scales may lead to inaccurate depictions of how habitat influences species. Potential variation in species-environment relationships relative to spatial scale needs to be acknowledged by wildlife managers to avoid inappropriate management decisions.<p> Second, I used bird presence determined during aerial surveys and classified satellite imagery to develop species-habitat models for describing breeding-ground distributions and habitat associations of each focal species. Logistic regression models identified lowland land cover types to be particularly important for the species considered. I used the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) technique and the area under the curve (AUC) metric to evaluate the precision of models, where the AUC is equal to the probability that two randomly selected encounter and non-encounter survey segments will be discriminated as such by the model. In the Queen Maud Gulf, AUC values indicated reasonable model discrimination for white-fronted geese, Canada geese, and tundra swans (i.e, AUC > 0.7). Precision of species-habitat models for king eiders and long-tailed ducks was lower than other species considered, but predict encounters and non-encounters significantly better than the null model. For all species, precision of species-habitat models was lower in the Rasmussen Lowlands than in the Queen Maud Gulf, although discrimination ability remained significantly better than the null model for three of five species (king eider and long-tailed duck models performed no better than the null model here).<p> Finally, I simulated anticipated environmental change (i.e., climate warming) in the arctic by applying species-habitat models to manipulated land cover data, and then predicted distributional responses of focal species. All species considered in this research exhibited some association to lowland cover types; white-fronted geese, Canada geese, and tundra swans in particular demonstrated strong affinity toward these habitats. Others authors predict lowland cover types to be most affected by warming. Reductions of wet sedge, hummock, and tussock graminoid cover predicted in this simulation, predominantly along the coast of the Queen Maud Gulf study area and in central areas of the Rasmussen Lowlands, suggest that distributions of species dependant on these lowland habitats will be significantly reduced, if predictions about warming and habitat loss prove to be correct. Research presented here provides evidence that modeling of species distributions using landscape-level habitat data is a tractable method to identify habitat associations, to determine key habitats and regions, and to forecast species responses to environmental changes.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2001. / Bibliography: leaves 451-468.

Ma thèse de doctorat s'intéresse aux représentations de la France dans l'Irlande nationaliste de 1879 à 1921. Mon analyse évolue autour du concept d'un " mythe français " construit en grande part dans les années 1840. Ce mythe imposa l'image d'une France ennemie de l'Angleterre et conséquemment alliée de l'Irlande et des nations opprimées. Cette approche introduit une nouvelle compréhension des relations du nationalisme irlandais avec la France et son mythe ; une relation qui influença la définition d'une idéologie nationaliste et la formation d'un ensemble de représentations où la France et ses images, utilisées au sein de la rhétorique nationaliste irlandaise au cours du 19e siècle, devint un modèle ainsi qu'une source d'inspiration et de fierté. Ceci permit aux nationalistes irlandais, en particulier séparatistes, de construire une version positive de leurs revendications qui ne serait plus seulement basée sur une lutte ancestrale contre l'Angleterre. C'est ce que cette thèse expose dans le cas d'Arthur Griffith, fondateur du Sinn Féin et inspiré par l'expérience franco-irlandaise de Maud Gonne, une virulente nationaliste irlandaise. Ce travail démontre également que le " mythe français " a eut une grande influence sur les politiques du nationalisme irlandais. Il se concentre tout particulièrement sur la " politique française " de Charles Stewart Parnell durant la " Land War " puis sur celle de John Redmond dans les années 1890, sur l'intense bataille rhétorique menée après la mort de Parnell entre parnelliens et anti-parnelliens, et sur les tensions entre pro et anti-alliés au cours de la Première Guerre mondiale