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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Principy maxima pro nelineární systémy eliptických parciálních diferenciálních rovnic / Maximum principles for elliptic systems of partial differential equations

Bílý, Michael January 2017 (has links)
We consider nonlinear elliptic Bellman systems which arise in the theory of stochastic differential games. The right hand sides of the equations (which are called Hamiltonians) may have quadratic growth with respect to the gradient of the unknowns. Under certain assumptions on Lagrangians (from which the Hamiltonians are derived), that are satisfied for many types of stochastic games, we establish the existence and uniqueness of a Nash point and develop structural conditions on the Hamiltonians. From these conditions we establish a certain version of maximum and minimum principle. This result is then used to establish the existence of a bound solution. 1
12

Problém energeticky optimální jízdy vlaku / The problem of energy-efficient train control

Berkessa, Zewude Alemayehu January 2019 (has links)
The Diploma thesis deals with the problem of energy-efficient train control. It presents the basic survey of mathematical models used in the problem of energy-efficient train control, analysis of optimal driving regimes, determining optimal switching times between optimal driving regimes and timetabling of the train. The mathematical formulation of the problem is done using Newton's second law of motion and other known physical laws. To analyse optimal driving regimes and determine the switching times between optimal driving regimes, we apply tools of optimal control theory, particularly Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. The timetabling of the train is discussed from the numerical solution of the settled non-linear programming problem.
13

Matematické metody teorie optimálního řízení a jejich užití / Mathematical methods of optimal control theory and their applications

Felixová, Lucie January 2011 (has links)
Tato diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou spojitého optimálního řízení, což je jedna z nejvýznamnějších aplikací teorie diferenciálních rovnic. Cílem této práce bylo jak nastudování matematické teorie optimálního řízení, tak především ukázat užití Pontrjaginova principu maxima a Bellmanova principu optimality při řešení vybraných úloh optimálního řízení. Důraz byl kladen především na problematiku časově a energeticky optimálního řízení elektrického vlaku, při zahrnutí kvadratické odporové funkce.
14

Stochastic control in limit order markets

Naujokat, Felix 04 October 2011 (has links)
In dieser Dissertation lösen wir eine Klasse stochastischer Kontrollprobleme und konstruieren optimale Handelsstrategien in illiquiden Märkten. In Kapitel 1 betrachten wir einen Investor, der sein Portfolio nahe an einer stochastischen Zielfunktion halten möchte. Gesucht ist eine Strategie (aus aktiven und passiven Orders), die die Abweichung vom Zielportfolio und die Handelskosten minimiert. Wir zeigen Existenz und Eindeutigkeit einer optimalen Strategie. Wir beweisen eine Version des stochastischen Maximumprinzips und leiten damit ein Kriterium für Optimalität mittels einer gekoppelten FBSDE her. Wir beweisen eine zweite Charakterisierung mittels Kauf- und Verkaufregionen. Das Portfolioliquidierungsproblem wird explizit gelöst. In Kapitel 2 verallgemeinern wir die Klasse der zulässigen Strategien auf singuläre Marktorders. Wie zuvor zeigen wir Existenz und Eindeutigkeit einer optimalen Strategie. Im zweiten Schritt beweisen wir eine Version des Maximumprinzips im singulären Fall, die eine notwendige und hinreichende Optimalitätsbedingung liefert. Daraus leiten wir eine weitere Charakterisierung mittels Kauf-, Verkaufs- und Nichthandelsregionen ab. Wir zeigen, dass Marktorders nur benutzt werden, wenn der Spread klein genug ist. Wir schließen dieses Kapitel mit einer Fallstudie über Portfolioliquidierung ab. Das dritte Kapitel thematisiert Marktmanipulation in illiquiden Märkten. Wenn Transaktionen einen Einfluß auf den Aktienpreis haben, dann können Optionsbesitzer damit den Wert ihres Portfolios beeinflussen. Wir betrachten mehrere Agenten, die europäische Derivate halten und den Preis des zugrundeliegenden Wertpapiers beeinflussen. Wir beschränken uns auf risikoneutrale und CARA-Investoren und zeigen die Existenz eines eindeutigen Gleichgewichts, das wir mittels eines gekoppelten Systems nichtlinearer PDEs charakterisieren. Abschließend geben wir Bedingungen an, wie diese Art von Marktmanipulation verhindert werden kann. / In this thesis we study a class of stochastic control problems and analyse optimal trading strategies in limit order markets. The first chapter addresses the problem of curve following. We consider an investor who wants to keep his stock holdings close to a stochastic target function. We construct the optimal strategy (comprising market and passive orders) which balances the penalty for deviating and the cost of trading. We first prove existence and uniqueness of an optimal control. The optimal trading strategy is then characterised in terms of the solution to a coupled FBSDE involving jumps via a stochastic maximum principle. We give a second characterisation in terms of buy and sell regions. The application of portfolio liquidation is studied in detail. In the second chapter, we extend our results to singular market orders using techniques of singular stochastic control. We first show existence and uniqueness of an optimal control. We then derive a version of the stochastic maximum principle which yields a characterisation of the optimal trading strategy in terms of a nonstandard coupled FBSDE. We show that the optimal control can be characterised via buy, sell and no-trade regions. We describe precisely when it is optimal to cross the bid ask spread. We also show that the controlled system can be described in terms of a reflected BSDE. As an application, we solve the portfolio liquidation problem with passive orders. When markets are illiquid, option holders may have an incentive to increase their portfolio value by using their impact on the dynamics of the underlying. In Chapter 3, we consider a model with competing players that hold European options and whose trading has an impact on the price of the underlying. We establish existence and uniqueness of equilibrium results and show that the equilibrium dynamics can be characterised in terms of a coupled system of non-linear PDEs. Finally, we show how market manipulation can be reduced.
15

Analyse de problèmes inverses et directs en théorie du contrôle / Analysis of inverse and direct problems in control theory

Lagache, Marc-Aurèle 19 October 2017 (has links)
Le contexte général de cette thèse est l’étude de problèmes inverses et directs en théorie du contrôle. Plus précisément, les trois problèmes étudiés sont les suivants.Le premier est un problème de contrôle optimal (approche directe). Il s’agit de fournir la synthèse temps minimum du modèle cinématique d'un drone volant à altitude constante, de vitesse linéaire non nécessairement constante voulant rejoindre une trajectoire circulaire de rayon de courbure minimum.Le deuxième problème concerne une approche inverse du contrôle optimal. Il s’agit d’élaborer des méthodes théoriques de reconstruction du critère optimisé dans un problème de contrôle optimal à partir d’un ensemble de solutions à ce problème, ainsi que caractériser les "bons" ensembles de trajectoires permettant la reconstruction du critère. Le contrôle optimal inverse connait un regain d’intérêt depuis une quinzaine d’années, en particulier dans l’étude des comportements moteurs humains. En effet, selon un paradigme largement accepté en neurophysiologie, parmi tous les mouvements possibles ceux effectivement réalisés sont solutions d’un processus d’optimisation.Le troisième problème traite de stabilisation par retour de sortie. Nous analysons, à travers un exemple académique tiré du contrôle quantique, le problème de stabilisation par retour de sortie (à l’aide d’un observateur) lorsque le point où l'on souhaite stabiliser le système correspond à un contrôle qui rend le système inobservable. L’idée générale est de perturber le retour d’état stabilisant afin de garantir l’observabilité du système tout en stabilisant le système sur la cible. L’analyse de cet exemple académique nous permet dans un second temps de dégager une méthode générale pouvant s’appliquer à une classe de système beaucoup plus large. / The overall context of this thesis is the study of inverse and direct problems in control theory. More specifically, the following three problems are studied.The first one is an optimal control problem (direct approach). The aim is to give a time minimum systhesis fora kinematic model of a UAV flying at constant altitude with positive (non-necessarily constant) linear velocityin order to steer it to a fixed circle of minimum turning radius.The second problem deals with an inverse approach of optimal control. The aim is to develop theoretical methods in order to reconstruct the minimized criterion in an optimal control problem from a set of solution to this problem. The aim is also to characterize the « good » sets of trajectories leading to the reconstruction of the criterion. In the last fifteen years, there has been a renewed interest in inverse optimal control, especially inhuman motor behavior. Indeed, according to a well accepted paradigm in neurophysiology, among all possible movements, those actually accomplished are solutions of an optimization process.The third problem tackles output feedback stabilization. We analyze, via a simple academic example from quantum control, the problem of dynamic output feedback stabilization, when the point where we want to stabilize corresponds to a control value that makes the system unobservable. The general idea is to perturb the stabilizing state feedback in order to ensure the observability of the system while stabilizing it to the target.The analysis of this example allows, secondly, to identify a general procedure that can be applied to a widerclass of systems.
16

Etude de quelques problèmes de contrôle optimal issus des EDP et des EDO

Bayen, Térence 09 December 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Le premier chapitre de ce mémoire porte sur l'étude des minimum forts pour des problèmes de contrôle optimal gouvernés par des EDP semi-linéaires elliptiques et paraboliques avec contraintes intégrales sur l'état final. Le second chapitre porte sur l'étude du problème de temps minimal pour un système de type chemostat en présence de points singuliers stationnaires. On y étudie également un problème de contrôle optimal pour un système chemostat avec deux espèces en compétition et qui comporte une courbe de non-contrôlabilité. Le troisième chapitre s'intéresse à la synthèse d'un contrôle optimal par retour d'état pour un problème de temps minimal issu d'un système fed-batch, notamment en présence d'un contrôle impulsionnel. Le quatrième chapitre étudie deux problèmes de contrôle optimal sous contraintes d'état périodiques. Enfin, le dernier chapitre traite de problèmes d'optimisation de forme géométriques sous contraintes de convexité. Cette dernière est formulée comme une contrainte semi-définie, ce qui permet ensuite d'utiliser la programmation SDP pour minimiser la fonction coût.
17

Análise não-diferenciável e condições necessárias de otimalidade para problema de controle ótimo com restrições mistas

Izelli, Reginaldo César [UNESP] 12 September 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-09-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:47:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 izelli_rc_me_sjrp.pdf: 916240 bytes, checksum: 24bbf9996f6955ca38766b92b37822c8 (MD5) / Estamos interessados em estudar uma generalização do Princípio do Máximo de Pontryagin para problema de controle ótimo com restrições mistas envolvendo funções nãodiferenciáveis, pois este princípio não se aplica para todos os tipos de problemas. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar as condições necessárias de otimalidade na forma do princípio do máximo que serão aplicadas para o problema de controle ótimo com restrições mistas envolvendo funções não-diferenciáveis. Para alcançar este objetivo apresentamos estudos sobre cones normais e cones tangentes os quais são utilizados no desenvolvimento da teoria de subdiferenciais. Após esse embasamento formulamos o problema de controle ótimo envolvendo funções não-diferenciáveis, e apresentamos as condições necessárias de otimalidade. / We are interested in study a generalization of the Pontryagin Maximum Principle for optimal control problems with mixed constraints involving nondi erentiable functions, because this principle can not be applied for all the types of problems. The main objective of this work is to present the necessary conditions of optimality in the form of the maximum principle that will be applied for the optimal control problem with mixed constraints involving nondi erentiable functions. To achieve this objective we present studies above normal cones and tangent cones which are used in the development of the theory of subdi erentials. After this foundation we formulate the optimal control problem involving nondi erentiable functions, and we present the necessary conditions of optimality.
18

Condições de otimalidade para controle ótimo via formalismo de Dubovitskii-Milyutin / Optimality conditions for optimal control via Formalism Dubovitskiy-Milyutin

Marcavillaca, Raul Tintaya [UNESP] 03 March 2016 (has links)
Submitted by RAUL TINTAYA MARCAVILLACA (rtm1111@hotmail.com) on 2016-04-08T15:21:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Condições de otimalidade para controle ótimo via formalismo de Dubovitskii-Milyutin.pdf: 988765 bytes, checksum: 4266a072cc27d6bfa1f6402f0483aa6c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-08T17:55:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marcavillaca_rt_me_sjrp.pdf: 988765 bytes, checksum: 4266a072cc27d6bfa1f6402f0483aa6c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-08T17:55:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marcavillaca_rt_me_sjrp.pdf: 988765 bytes, checksum: 4266a072cc27d6bfa1f6402f0483aa6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O objetivo deste trabalho é o estudo das condições necessárias e suficientes de otimalidade para problemas de controle ótimo, compreendendo o estudo do Princípio do Máximo e convexidade generalizada. As condições necessárias dadas pelo Princípio do Máximo Pontryagin são obtidas mediante o formalismo de Dubovitski e Milyutin, que permite determinar, usando a linguagem da análise funcional, condições necessárias de otimalidade para uma classe de problemas extremos. As condições suficientes de otimalidade são dadas introduzindo a noção de invexidade generalizada adequadas ao problema, que denominaremos PM-pseudo-invexidade. / The purpose of this work is the study of necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality for optimal control problem including the study of the Maximum Principle and generalized convexity. The necessary conditions given by the Pontryagin Maximum Principle are obtained by means of the Dubovitski and Milyutin formalism, which allows to determine, using the language of functional analysis, necessary optimality conditions for a class of extreme problems. The sufficient conditions of optimality are given by introducing the notion of generalized invexity suitable to the problem, which we will call PM-pseudo-invexity. / CNPq: 131647/2014-8
19

Supervision optimale des véhicules électriques hybrides en présence de contraintes sur l’état / Optimal supervisory control of hybrid electric vehicles under state constraints

Fontaine, Clément 20 September 2013 (has links)
La propulsion des véhicules électriques hybrides parallèles est généralement assurée par un moteur à combustion interne combiné à une machine électrique réversible. Les flux de puissance entre ces deux organes de traction sont déterminés par un algorithme de supervision, qui vise à réduire la consommation de carburant et éventuellement les émissions de certains polluants. Dans la littérature, la théorie de la commande optimale est maintenant reconnue comme étant un cadre puissant pour l’élaboration de lois de commande pour la gestion énergétique des véhicules full-hybrides. Ces stratégies, dénommée « Stratégies de Minimisation de la Consommation Equivalente » (ECMS) sont basée sur le principe du Maximum de Pontryagin. Pour démontrer l’optimalité de l’ECMS, on doit supposer que les limites du système de stockage ne sont pas atteintes durant le cycle de conduite. Il n’est plus possible de faire cette hypothèse lorsque l’on considère les véhicules micro et mild hybrides étudiés dans cette thèse car la variable d’état atteint généralement plusieurs fois les bornes. Des outils mathématiques adaptés à l’étude des problèmes de commande avec contraintes sur l’état sont présentés et appliqués à deux problèmes en lien avec la gestion énergétique. Le premier problème consiste à déterminer le profil optimal de la tension aux bornes d’un pack d’ultra-capacités. Le second problème se concentre sur un système électrique intégrant deux stockeurs. L’accent est mis sur l’étude des conditions d’optimalités valables lorsque les contraintes sur l’état sont actives. Les conséquences de ces conditions pour la commande en ligne sont mises en avant et exploitées afin de concevoir une commande en temps réel. Les performances sont évaluées à l’aide d’un prototype. Une comparaison avec une approche de type ECMS plus classique est également présentée. / Parallel hybrid electric vehicles are generally propelled by an internal combustion engine, which is combined to a reversible electric machine. The power flows between these two traction devices are determined by a supervisory control algorithm, which aims at reducing the fuel consumption and possibly some polluting emissions. In the literature, optimal control theory is now recognized as a powerful framework for the synthesis of energy management strategies for full hybrid vehicles. These strategies are referred to as “Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategies” (ECMS) and are based on the Pontryagin Maximum Principle. To demonstrate the optimality of ECMS, it must be assumed that the storage system limits are not reached during the drive cycle. This hypothesis cannot be made anymore when considering the micro and mild hybrid vehicles studied in this thesis because the state variable generally reaches several times the boundaries. Some mathematical tools suitable for the study of state constrained optimal control problems are introduced and applied to two energy management problems. The first problem consists in determining the optimal profile of the voltage across a pack of ultra-capacitors. The second problem focuses on a dual storage system. The stress is put on the study of the optimality conditions holding in case of active state constraints. Some consequences of these conditions for the online control are pointed out are exploited for the design of a real-time controller. Its performances are assessed using a demonstrator vehicle. A comparison with a classical ECMS-based approach is also provided.
20

The Geometry of Maximum Principles and a Bernstein Theorem in Codimension 2

Assimos Martins, Renan 14 November 2019 (has links)
We develop a general method to construct subsets of complete Riemannian manifolds that cannot contain images of non-constant harmonic maps from compact manifolds. We apply our method to the special case where the harmonic map is the Gauss map of a minimal submanifold and the complete manifold is a Grassmannian. With the help of a result by Allard [Allard, W. K. (1972). On the first variation of a varifold. Annals of mathematics, 417-491.], we can study the graph case and have an approach to prove Bernstein-type theorems. This enables us to extend Moser’s Bernstein theorem [Moser, J. (1961). On Harnack's theorem for elliptic differential equations. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics, 14(3), 577-591.] to codimension two, i.e., a minimal p-submanifold in $R^{p+2}$, which is the graph of a smooth function defined on the entire $R^p$ with bounded slope, must be a p-plane.

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