Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-23T17:39:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissFMGD.pdf: 5584383 bytes, checksum: a1c7f3be1865a53b851640fd3b5643c9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-26T20:41:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissFMGD.pdf: 5584383 bytes, checksum: a1c7f3be1865a53b851640fd3b5643c9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-26T20:41:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissFMGD.pdf: 5584383 bytes, checksum: a1c7f3be1865a53b851640fd3b5643c9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T20:42:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissFMGD.pdf: 5584383 bytes, checksum: a1c7f3be1865a53b851640fd3b5643c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This work presents a didactic proposal for the classes of affine and quadratic functions in elementary school. From our experiences in the teaching profession, we noted that the study of this content requires experimentation and contextualized activities. The study of affine and quadratic functions in basic education is of great importance for abstraction capacity development, solving practical problems and helps to get skills of comparing results, recognizing the characteristics of these functions. Our work is not intended to define affine and quadratic function, but to develop the perception ability of the results that leads to graphs and charts building and can be confirmed using the GeoGebra software. This activity was implemented in two classes of the ninth year of elementary school at Colégio Batista Brasileiro in Bauru. To do this we need four classes of 100 minutes and 1 class of 50 minutes. This is a didactic sequence that requires the use of computers and of the GeoGebra software. / Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta didática para as aulas de funções afim e quadrática no ensino fundamental. A partir de nossas experiências no exercício da docência observamos que o estudo desse conteúdo necessita de atividades de experimentação e contextualização. O estudo de funções afim e quadrática no ensino fundamental é de grande importância para o desenvolvimento da capacidade de abstração, resolução de problemas práticos do cotidiano e ajuda a adquirir habilidades de comparar resultados, reconhecendo as características dessas funções. Nosso trabalho não tem como objetivo definir função afim e quadrática, mas desenvolver a capacidade de percepção dos resultados que levam a construção de gráficos e tabelas, podendo ser confirmados utilizando o software GeoGebra. Esta atividade foi aplicada em duas turmas do nono ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola particular chamada Colégio Batista Brasileiro em Bauru. Para isso foram utilizadas 4 aulas de 100 minutos e 1 aula de 50 minutos. Trata-se de uma sequência didática que requer o uso de computadores e do software GeoGebra.

Orientador: Raimundo Leite Cruz / Banca: Antonio Evaldo Klar / Banca: Antônio de Pádua Sousa / Banca: Emerson Galvani / Banca: Hildeu Ferreira da Assunção / Resumo: Para a realização desse estudo utilizou-se uma base de dados de 10 anos obtidos junto ao Departamento de Engenharia Rural - Setor de Irrigação e Drenagem da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu-SP, com as seguintes coordenadas geográficas: latitude de 22°51'S; longitude de 48°26'W e altitude 786m na cidade de Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a calibração e estimativa da irradiação solar global diária em Botucatu, SP, utilizando medidas de temperaturas do ar máxima e mínima por meio do programa RadEst3.0. Esse faz a utilização de quatro modelos para tal estimativa que são: Bristow-Campbell (BC); Campbell-Donatelli (CD); Donatelli-Belochi (DB) e Modular DCBB (DCBB). Pelos resultados podemos concluir que: as modificações aplicadas aos modelos de DB e DCBB, contabilizando o efeito sazonal da variação de temperatura, e utilizando uma função trigonométrica específica para regiões tropicais, contribuíram para o alcance dos melhores resultados. Deve-se, no entanto salientar que todos os modelos propostos são adequados para a estimativa da irradiação solar global, e seu uso depende do grau de precisão que se deseja atingir e da disponibilidade de medidas das temperaturas do ar máxima e mínima. Mas, para a obtenção de melhores resultados deve-se realizar a calibração dos modelos para a região em estudo. / Abstract: For the composition of this paper it was used 10 year database from Rural Engineering Department - Irrigation and Draining Sector of Paulista State University's Agronomical Science College, Botucatu-SP campus, with the following geographic coordenates: latitude 22°51'S; longitude 48º26'W and altitude 786m in Botucatu City, São Paulo State. This paper focused the daily global solar irradiation estimate in Botucatu, SP, using air temperature (maximum and minimum) by RadEst3.0 program. This program uses four models for to get these estimates: Bristow-Campbell (BC), Campbell-Donatelli (CD), Donatelli-Belochi (DB) and Modular DCBB (DCBB). By results, it was concluded that the changes applied to the DB and DCBB models, in adition to the effect of the temperature variation, and using a specific trigonometric function to tropical regions, contributed to reach better results. However, it ought to be emphasize that all proposed models are appropriated to the global solar irradiation estimate, and its use depends on the level of precision that has to be reached and the availability of the maximum and minimal air temperatures measures. But, to get best results, the models used to the analised region must be calibrated. / Doutor

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Ao analisar a Educação Básica nos dias atuais, observa-se que no Ensino Médio o estudo dos problemas sobre máximos e mínimos é realizado de forma limitada e superficial, resumindo-se basicamente a algumas aplicações de funções quadráticas. A resolução de problemas de otimização de índole geométrica constitui um campo fértil para trabalhar a formação matemática dos alunos nesse nível e contribuir com o aperfeiçoamento da qualidade do ensino da Matemática. Esta categoria de problemas pode ser de utilidade na preparação de alunos para as Olimpíadas de Matemática. Este trabalho aborda o estudo e descrição de métodos de solução de problemas de otimização em geometria euclidana, apresentando uma catalogação devida a Andreescu, junto a vários exemplos resolvidos. / Looking over the Basic Education nowadays, it becomes aware that in high school the study of maxima and minimas problems is carry out in a limited and superficial way. In general, the resolution of these problems lessened to some application of quadratic functions. However, Geometric optimizations problems may be a fecund area to contribute for improving the quality of math education at this level and to develop the mathematical mind of students. That category of problems is also useful for training students for the Math Olympics. This masters dissertation deals with the study of resolutions methods of optimization problems in Euclidean Plane Geometry, presenting a cataloging, according to Andreescu, and some several solved illustrative examples.

Finding bottlenecks and eliminating them to increase the overall flow of a network often appears in real world applications, such as production planning, factory layout, flow related physical approaches, and even cyber security. In many cases, several edges can form a bottleneck (cascaded bottlenecks). This work presents a visual analytics methodology to analyze these cascaded bottlenecks. The methodology consists of multiple steps: identification of bottlenecks, identification of potential improvements, communication of bottlenecks, interactive adaption of bottlenecks, and a feedback loop that allows users to adapt flow networks and their resulting bottlenecks until they are satisfied with the flow network configuration. To achieve this, the definition of a minimal cut is extended to identify network edges that form a (cascaded) bottleneck. To show the effectiveness of the presented approach, we applied the methodology to two flow network setups and show how the overall flow of these networks can be improved.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Katia Vigo Ingar.pdf: 7484950 bytes, checksum: 70bd251a7d421ffddde7fa79693993a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aimed to analyze the process of visualization during the learning of notions of maximum and minimum local values in functions of two real variables by students of engineering. The methodology of the study is the Artigue Didactic Engineering. The theoretical reference was based on the theory of Semiotic Register by Duval, particularly in the perceptive, discursive, operational and sequential apprehension of a graphic register represented in the CAS Mathematica and in the articulation between the graphic and algebraic registers. Our theoretical referential was also based on the Theory of Didactic Situation by Brousseau, for we got started with situations which have as their main frame the position of the professor-researcher who faces a group of students in a milieu formed by a computer laboratory, questionings and feedback. The a posteriori analysis of didactic situations helped us see that the students presented difficulties converting the register from natural language to algebraic but, anyway, they coordinated three registers of semiotics representation: natural language, algebraic and graphic. In the graphic register presented in the CAS Mathematica, through operational apprehension and by means of optical, positional and mereologic modifications, the students identified the visual variables inherent to the graphic register. To the students it was not easy to articulate the visual variables with the meaningful values of the algebraic register presented in the definitions and theorems of maximum and minimum values of functions of two real variables. Validating results was not simple for them either. Therefore, the study of visualization through the theory of Semiotic Register by Duval proved itself to be the way to the apprehension of maximum and minimum local values of functions of two real variables / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar o processo de visualização durante a aprendizagem das noções de valores máximos e mínimos locais de funções de duas variáveis reais, de alunos de engenharia. A metodologia do estudo é a Engenharia Didática de Artigue. E o referencial teórico está baseado na Teoria dos Registros de Representação Semiótica de Duval, especificamente nas apreensões perceptiva, discursiva, operatória e sequencial de um registro gráfico representado no CAS Mathematica, e na articulação entre o registro gráfico e o algébrico. Nosso referencial teórico fundamentou-se, também, na teoria das Situações Didáticas de Brousseau, uma vez que iniciamos com a proposta de situações, em cujo cenário está o professor-pesquisador diante de um grupo de alunos, em um milieu constituído por um laboratório de computação, além dos questionamentos e devoluções. Por meio da análise a posteriori das situações didáticas, percebe-se que os alunos apresentaram dificuldades em realizar a conversão do registro da língua natural para o algébrico, mas, mesmo assim, coordenaram três registros de representação semiótica: língua natural, algébrico e gráfico. Já no registro gráfico representado no CAS Mathematica, pela apreensão operatória e por meio das modificações ótica, posicional e mereológica, identificaram as variáveis visuais próprias do registro gráfico, porém, tiveram dificuldade em articulá-las com os valores significantes do registro algébrico, apresentado nas definições e teoremas de valores máximos e mínimos de funções de duas variáveis reais, e em validar os resultados. Portanto, o estudo da visualização, mediante a teoria dos Registros de Representação Semiótica de Duval, mostrou ser um meio para a aprendizagem dos valores máximos e mínimos locais de funções de duas variáveis reais

<p>In recent years, there has been a great interest towards the higher order numerical methods for singularly perturbed problems. As compared to their lower order counterparts, they provide better accuracy with fewer mesh points. Construction and/or implementation of direct higher order methods is usually very complicated. Thus a natural choice is to use some convergence acceleration techniques, e.g., Richardson extrapolation, defect correction, etc. In this thesis, we will consider various classes of problems described by singularly perturbed ordinary and partial differential equations. For these problems, we design some novel numerical methods and attempt to increase their accuracy as well as the order of convergence. We also do the same for existing numerical methods in some instances. We &macr / nd that, even though the Richardson extrapolation technique always improves the accuracy, it does not perform equally well when applied to different methods for certain classes of problems. Moreover, while in some cases it improves the order of convergence, in other cases it does not. These issues are discussed in this thesis for linear and nonlinear singularly perturbed ODEs as well as PDEs. Extrapolation techniques are analyzed thoroughly in all the cases, whereas the limitations of the defect correction approach for certain problems is indicated at the end of the thesis</p>

A feature of minimizing images of a class of binary Markov random field energies is introduced and proved. Using this, the collection of minimizing images of levels of higher order, levelable MRF energies is shown to be a monotone collection. This implies that these images can be combined to give minimizing images of the MRF energy itself. Due to the recent developments, second and third order binary MRF energies of the mentioned class are known to be exactly minimized by maximum flow/minimum cut computations on appropriately constructed graphs. With the aid of these developments an exact and efficient algorithm to minimize levelable second and third order MRF energies, which is composed of a series of maximum flow/minimum cut computations, is proposed and applications of the proposed algorithm to image restoration are given.

<p>In recent years, there has been a great interest towards the higher order numerical methods for singularly perturbed problems. As compared to their lower order counterparts, they provide better accuracy with fewer mesh points. Construction and/or implementation of direct higher order methods is usually very complicated. Thus a natural choice is to use some convergence acceleration techniques, e.g., Richardson extrapolation, defect correction, etc. In this thesis, we will consider various classes of problems described by singularly perturbed ordinary and partial differential equations. For these problems, we design some novel numerical methods and attempt to increase their accuracy as well as the order of convergence. We also do the same for existing numerical methods in some instances. We &macr / nd that, even though the Richardson extrapolation technique always improves the accuracy, it does not perform equally well when applied to different methods for certain classes of problems. Moreover, while in some cases it improves the order of convergence, in other cases it does not. These issues are discussed in this thesis for linear and nonlinear singularly perturbed ODEs as well as PDEs. Extrapolation techniques are analyzed thoroughly in all the cases, whereas the limitations of the defect correction approach for certain problems is indicated at the end of the thesis</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:03:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 valiati_mi_dr_botfca.pdf: 716947 bytes, checksum: 1b4c4cec79cc1a6569a4c3fe1ac3f98b (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Para a realização desse estudo utilizou-se uma base de dados de 10 anos obtidos junto ao Departamento de Engenharia Rural - Setor de Irrigação e Drenagem da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu-SP, com as seguintes coordenadas geográficas: latitude de 22°51'S; longitude de 48°26'W e altitude 786m na cidade de Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a calibração e estimativa da irradiação solar global diária em Botucatu, SP, utilizando medidas de temperaturas do ar máxima e mínima por meio do programa RadEst3.0. Esse faz a utilização de quatro modelos para tal estimativa que são: Bristow-Campbell (BC); Campbell-Donatelli (CD); Donatelli-Belochi (DB) e Modular DCBB (DCBB). Pelos resultados podemos concluir que: as modificações aplicadas aos modelos de DB e DCBB, contabilizando o efeito sazonal da variação de temperatura, e utilizando uma função trigonométrica específica para regiões tropicais, contribuíram para o alcance dos melhores resultados. Deve-se, no entanto salientar que todos os modelos propostos são adequados para a estimativa da irradiação solar global, e seu uso depende do grau de precisão que se deseja atingir e da disponibilidade de medidas das temperaturas do ar máxima e mínima. Mas, para a obtenção de melhores resultados deve-se realizar a calibração dos modelos para a região em estudo. / For the composition of this paper it was used 10 year database from Rural Engineering Department - Irrigation and Draining Sector of Paulista State University`s Agronomical Science College, Botucatu-SP campus, with the following geographic coordenates: latitude 22°51'S; longitude 48º26'W and altitude 786m in Botucatu City, São Paulo State. This paper focused the daily global solar irradiation estimate in Botucatu, SP, using air temperature (maximum and minimum) by RadEst3.0 program. This program uses four models for to get these estimates: Bristow-Campbell (BC), Campbell-Donatelli (CD), Donatelli-Belochi (DB) and Modular DCBB (DCBB). By results, it was concluded that the changes applied to the DB and DCBB models, in adition to the effect of the temperature variation, and using a specific trigonometric function to tropical regions, contributed to reach better results. However, it ought to be emphasize that all proposed models are appropriated to the global solar irradiation estimate, and its use depends on the level of precision that has to be reached and the availability of the maximum and minimal air temperatures measures. But, to get best results, the models used to the analised region must be calibrated.

Submitted by Eunice Nunes (eunicenunes6@gmail.com) on 2018-09-17T21:34:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 DissFMGD.pdf: 5584383 bytes, checksum: a1c7f3be1865a53b851640fd3b5643c9 (MD5) DissFMGD.pdf: 5584383 bytes, checksum: a1c7f3be1865a53b851640fd3b5643c9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Eunice Nunes (eunicenunes6@gmail.com) on 2018-09-17T21:35:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 DissFMGD.pdf: 5584383 bytes, checksum: a1c7f3be1865a53b851640fd3b5643c9 (MD5) DissFMGD.pdf: 5584383 bytes, checksum: a1c7f3be1865a53b851640fd3b5643c9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Eunice Nunes (eunicenunes6@gmail.com) on 2018-09-17T21:36:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 DissFMGD.pdf: 5584383 bytes, checksum: a1c7f3be1865a53b851640fd3b5643c9 (MD5) DissFMGD.pdf: 5584383 bytes, checksum: a1c7f3be1865a53b851640fd3b5643c9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-17T21:36:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DissFMGD.pdf: 5584383 bytes, checksum: a1c7f3be1865a53b851640fd3b5643c9 (MD5) DissFMGD.pdf: 5584383 bytes, checksum: a1c7f3be1865a53b851640fd3b5643c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-11 / Não recebi financiamento / This work presents a didactic proposal for the classes of affine and quadratic functions in elementary school. From our experiences in the teaching profession, we noted that the study of this content requires experimentation and contextualized activities. The study of affine and quadratic functions in basic education is of great importance for abstraction capacity development, solving practical problems and helps to get skills of comparing results, recognizing the characteristics of these functions. Our work is not intended to define affine and quadratic function, but to develop the perception ability of the results that leads to graphs and charts building and can be confirmed using the GeoGebra software. This activity was implemented in two classes of the ninth year of elementary school at Colégio Batista Brasileiro in Bauru. To do this we need four classes of 100 minutes and 1 class of 50 minutes. This is a didactic sequence that requires the use of computers and of the GeoGebra software / Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta didática para as aulas de funções afim e quadrática no ensino fundamental. A partir de nossas experiências no exercício da docência observamos que o estudo desse conteúdo necessita de atividades de experimentação e contextualização. O estudo de funções afim e quadrática no ensino fundamental é de grande importância para o desenvolvimento da capacidade de abstração, resolução de problemas práticos do cotidiano e ajuda a adquirir habilidades de comparar resultados, reconhecendo as características dessas funções. Nosso trabalho não tem como objetivo definir função afim e quadrática, mas desenvolver a capacidade de percepção dos resultados que levam a construção de gráficos e tabelas, podendo ser confirmados utilizando o software GeoGebra. Esta atividade foi aplicada em duas turmas do nono ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola particular chamada Colégio Batista Brasileiro em Bauru. Para isso foram utilizadas 4 aulas de 100 minutos e 1 aula de 50 minutos. Trata-se de uma sequência didática que requer o uso de computadores e do software GeoGebra.