Inaug.-Diss.--Münich. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Econ.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 156). Also available in print.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia, 2010. / Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2013-07-10T15:05:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_MarcioFranciscoSilva.pdf: 936824 bytes, checksum: 8f7aed8a5811446d6b6c8ff396845c18 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Leandro Silva Borges(leandroborges@bce.unb.br) on 2013-07-16T20:44:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_MarcioFranciscoSilva.pdf: 936824 bytes, checksum: 8f7aed8a5811446d6b6c8ff396845c18 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-16T20:44:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_MarcioFranciscoSilva.pdf: 936824 bytes, checksum: 8f7aed8a5811446d6b6c8ff396845c18 (MD5) / No trabalho de conclusão de mestrado tentou-se verificar se a introdução de rigidez nominal de salários aumenta a capacidade do modelo Novo-Keynesiano em explicar o comportamento observado na economia brasileira em relação ao hiato do produto, taxa de juros e taxa de inflação. Para tanto, foram calibrados os parâmetros referentes a dois modelos – com base em Galí (2008): o chamado modelo Novo-Keynesiano básico (em que há competição monopolística e rigidez nominal de preços no mercado de bens) e o modelo Novo-Keynesiano com competição imperfeita e rigidez nominal nos mercados de bens e de trabalho. Os dados utilizados compreendem o período entre 2001 e 2008, e foram obtidos por meio dos sites do Ipeadata e do Banco Central do Brasil. Após a calibração dos parâmetros referentes aos dois modelos procedeu-se à simulação dos mesmos; então, a comparação entre a variância e covariância entre as variáveis dos modelos simulados e dos dados observados fornece um teste de aderência dos dados simulados aos dados da economia real. Os resultados providos pela dissertação não foram conclusivos: embora o modelo com imperfeições no mercado de trabalho tenha uma aptidão maior para reproduzir o comportamento do hiato do produto e da taxa de juros, o mesmo não ocorre com a taxa de inflação – esta foi melhor reproduzida pelo modelo básico. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / At work completion Masters tried to verify whether the introduction of nominal wage rigidity increases the capacity of the New-Keynesian model to explain the behavior observed in the Brazilian economy in relation to the output gap, interest rate and inflation rate. Thus, we calibrated the parameters for the two models - based on Galí (2008): the New-Keynesian model called basic (where there is monopolistic competition and nominal price rigidities in the goods market) and New-Keynesian model with competition imperfect and nominal rigidities in goods and labor. The data used cover the period between 2001 and 2008, and were obtained through the websites of Ipeadata and the Central Bank of Brazil. After calibration of the parameters for the two models proceeded to the simulation of the same, so the comparison between the variance and covariance between variables of the models simulated and observed data provides a test of adherence of simulated data to data from the real economy. The results provided by the dissertation were inconclusive: while the model with imperfections in the labor market have a greater ability to reproduce the behavior of the output gap and interest rate, the same does not occur with the rate of inflation - this was best reproduced the basic model.

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / Este trabajo intenta explicar las teorías económicas de John Maynard Keynes y la influencia que tuvieron, junto con su aplicación práctica, en Alemania, entre 1933 y 1938, en los Estados Unidos de América, desde 1933 y 1941 y en Chile, entre 1970 y 1973. Además, contiene el pensamiento económico de Don Pedro Aguirre Cerda en relación a la industria chilena en los años 30 y una exposición de la historia de la Corporación de Fomento a la Producción, sus logros en sus 64 años de existencia y su actual organización interna. A través del análisis de libros, trabajos universitarios y sitios web, el autor busca exponer los temas recién dichos, para luego dar su visión crítica al respecto, a la luz de las teorías económicas de Keynes, concluyendo que sólo el trabajo eficiente, organizado, cooperativo y planificado de la economía de un país en crisis le permitirá a éste, salir del problema que lo aqueja.

Orientador: David Dequech Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T11:50:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Correa_LucianaSeabraResendeCastro_M.pdf: 2368777 bytes, checksum: 1a68646c76b525e5ebbe1ba6c67f2092 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Este trabalho trata primeiramente, de um ponto de vista teórico, da existência de convenções nos mercados de ações e títulos de dívida. Serve de ponto de partida a noção, presente em Keynes, de que convenções envolvem técnicas para lidar com a incerteza, quando não há uma distribuição de probabilidades bem definida e confiável sobre o futuro. É apresentada também a abordagem convencionalista francesa, que oferece alternativas aos conceitos de valor fundamental das ações e taxa natural de juros. Por fim, essas referências téoricas são utilizadas para discutir a tese de que a taxa básica de juros brasileira é convencional. Busca-se desenvolver uma linha de argumentação mais bem fundamentada do que a de outros autores que defenderam essa ideia. Assim, pretende-se, por um lado, mostrar que o argumento não é trivial e, por outro, defender que efetivamente há elementos de convencionalidade na taxa básica de juros brasileira. / Abstract: This thesis examines, first, from a theoretical point of view, the existence of conventions in the stock and bond markets. Its starting point is the argument, developed by Keynes, that conventions involve techniques to deal with uncertainty, when there is no well-defined and reliable probability distribution about the future. Also considered is the French conventionalist approach, which provides alternatives to the concepts of the fundamental value of stocks and the natural rate of interest. Finally, these theoretical references are used to discuss the thesis that the Brazilian basic interest rate is conventional. An attempt is made to develop a better founded line of reasoning than the ones defended by other authors. This part of the research is intended, on the one hand, to show us that the argument is not trivial, and, on the other hand, to maintain that there are indeed elements of conventionality in the Brazilian basic rate of interest. / Mestrado / Politica Economica / Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

A presente tese de doutoramento é composta de três ensaios independentes (ainda que complementares) sobre a História do Pensamento Econômico, mais especificamente, da Macroeconomia. O primeiro ensaio - \"Uma Breve História sobre a Abordagem de Desequilíbrio na Macroeconomia\" - é uma versão revista e ampliada do artigo apresentado no XXXVIII Encontro Nacional de Economia da ANPEC em 2010 (Uma Breve História sobre a Abordagem de Desequilíbrio na Economia). Nossa argumentação vai de encontro às interpretações de Romer (1989) e Mankiw (2005) sobre a compreensão histórica daquele episódio, como também a hipótese levantada por Backhouse & Boianovsky (2005) sobre o fracasso da Macroeconomia do Desequilíbrio. O segundo ensaio se chama \"Uma Análise Histórica (e Retórica) do Discurso Doutrinário de Robert E. Lucas Jr.\". Se no primeiro ensaio argumentamos que parte do \"fracasso\" da Abordagem de Desequilíbrio deveu-se ao surgimento de um método entendido como superior pela maior parte dos economistas (o método de Lucas), neste investigamos o conteúdo daqueles artigos em que Lucas busca convencer os leitores da superioridade do seu método não a partir da comparação dos resultados obtidos por seu modelo em comparação a uma estrutura alternativa, mas sim com uma retórica polemista, fazendo uso de uma série de estratagemas retóricos. Nossa intenção é checar a validade de algumas de suas teses históricas e teóricas, bem como fazer um escrutínio dos expedientes retóricos utilizados pelo autor. O terceiro ensaio - \"Tese da Ancestralidade, Reinvenção da Tradição ou Superação Positiva? Uma Investigação sobre a \"Macroeconomia\" anterior a Keynes e as Causas do Sucesso da Teoria Geral\" - é derivada do segundo ensaio. Partimos da contraposição de hipóteses históricas de dois grandes autores da Macroeconomia sobre o estado da teoria \"macroeconômica\" anterior a Keynes, e as causas do sucesso da Teoria Geral. De um lado, Robert Lucas trata a Macroeconomia fundada por Keynes como um desvio na tradição equilibrista das análises de flutuação, cujo sucesso foi um \'feliz acidente histórico\', provocado principalmente por fatores alheios as vontades e até as simpatias de Keynes. De outro, Olivier Blanchard argumenta que o que havia antes de Keynes era uma grande diversidade de métodos e ausência de um aparato hegemônico, e o sucesso de Keynes deveu-se exclusivamente aos avanços teóricos e metodológicos apresentados naquela obra. / This PhD thesis contains three independent (although complementary) essays on the History of Economic Thought, more specifically on Macroeconomics History. The first essay - A Brief History of the Disequilibrium Approach in Macroeconomics - is a revised and expanded version of paper presented at the XXXVIII Meeting of ANPEC. Our argumentation challenges Romer (1989) and Mankiw (2005) interpretations about that episode. We also disagree (at some level) with Backhouse & Boianovsky (2005) hypothesis about the so-called \"failure\" of Non-Market-Clearing Approach. The second essay - A Historical (and Rhetorical) Analysis of Robert E. Lucas Junior\'s Doctrinaire Speech - is still a work in progress. If the first essay we argue that part of the \"failure\" of Disequilibrium Approach was due to the emergence of a method perceived as superior by most economists (lucasian method), here we investigate the content of those articles where Lucas seeks to persuade its readers of the superiority of his method not from the scrutiny of the results obtained by a specific model in comparison to an alternative structure, but mainly through a polemicist rhetoric. Our intention is to check the validity of some of its historical and theoretical arguments, and make a scrutiny of rhetorical expedients used by the author. The third essay - Ancestry Thesis, Reinvention of a Tradition or Cumulative Progress? A Research on \"Macroeconomics\" before Keynes and some Speculation about the causes of General Theory\'s Success\" - is derived from the second paper. We start from the juxtaposition of historical hypotheses of two great authors about the state\'s theory of \"macroeconomic\" before Keynes, and the causes of the success of the General Theory. On one hand, Robert Lucas argues that Macroeconomics as developed by Keynes was a deviation in the tradition of equilibrist fluctuation analysis, whose success was a fortunate historical accident. On the other, Olivier Blanchard argues that what was before Keynes was a great diversity of methods and the absence of a hegemonic apparatus, and the success of Keynes was due exclusively to theoretical and methodological advances made in that work.

A presente tese de doutoramento é composta de três ensaios independentes (ainda que complementares) sobre a História do Pensamento Econômico, mais especificamente, da Macroeconomia. O primeiro ensaio - \"Uma Breve História sobre a Abordagem de Desequilíbrio na Macroeconomia\" - é uma versão revista e ampliada do artigo apresentado no XXXVIII Encontro Nacional de Economia da ANPEC em 2010 (Uma Breve História sobre a Abordagem de Desequilíbrio na Economia). Nossa argumentação vai de encontro às interpretações de Romer (1989) e Mankiw (2005) sobre a compreensão histórica daquele episódio, como também a hipótese levantada por Backhouse & Boianovsky (2005) sobre o fracasso da Macroeconomia do Desequilíbrio. O segundo ensaio se chama \"Uma Análise Histórica (e Retórica) do Discurso Doutrinário de Robert E. Lucas Jr.\". Se no primeiro ensaio argumentamos que parte do \"fracasso\" da Abordagem de Desequilíbrio deveu-se ao surgimento de um método entendido como superior pela maior parte dos economistas (o método de Lucas), neste investigamos o conteúdo daqueles artigos em que Lucas busca convencer os leitores da superioridade do seu método não a partir da comparação dos resultados obtidos por seu modelo em comparação a uma estrutura alternativa, mas sim com uma retórica polemista, fazendo uso de uma série de estratagemas retóricos. Nossa intenção é checar a validade de algumas de suas teses históricas e teóricas, bem como fazer um escrutínio dos expedientes retóricos utilizados pelo autor. O terceiro ensaio - \"Tese da Ancestralidade, Reinvenção da Tradição ou Superação Positiva? Uma Investigação sobre a \"Macroeconomia\" anterior a Keynes e as Causas do Sucesso da Teoria Geral\" - é derivada do segundo ensaio. Partimos da contraposição de hipóteses históricas de dois grandes autores da Macroeconomia sobre o estado da teoria \"macroeconômica\" anterior a Keynes, e as causas do sucesso da Teoria Geral. De um lado, Robert Lucas trata a Macroeconomia fundada por Keynes como um desvio na tradição equilibrista das análises de flutuação, cujo sucesso foi um \'feliz acidente histórico\', provocado principalmente por fatores alheios as vontades e até as simpatias de Keynes. De outro, Olivier Blanchard argumenta que o que havia antes de Keynes era uma grande diversidade de métodos e ausência de um aparato hegemônico, e o sucesso de Keynes deveu-se exclusivamente aos avanços teóricos e metodológicos apresentados naquela obra. / This PhD thesis contains three independent (although complementary) essays on the History of Economic Thought, more specifically on Macroeconomics History. The first essay - A Brief History of the Disequilibrium Approach in Macroeconomics - is a revised and expanded version of paper presented at the XXXVIII Meeting of ANPEC. Our argumentation challenges Romer (1989) and Mankiw (2005) interpretations about that episode. We also disagree (at some level) with Backhouse & Boianovsky (2005) hypothesis about the so-called \"failure\" of Non-Market-Clearing Approach. The second essay - A Historical (and Rhetorical) Analysis of Robert E. Lucas Junior\'s Doctrinaire Speech - is still a work in progress. If the first essay we argue that part of the \"failure\" of Disequilibrium Approach was due to the emergence of a method perceived as superior by most economists (lucasian method), here we investigate the content of those articles where Lucas seeks to persuade its readers of the superiority of his method not from the scrutiny of the results obtained by a specific model in comparison to an alternative structure, but mainly through a polemicist rhetoric. Our intention is to check the validity of some of its historical and theoretical arguments, and make a scrutiny of rhetorical expedients used by the author. The third essay - Ancestry Thesis, Reinvention of a Tradition or Cumulative Progress? A Research on \"Macroeconomics\" before Keynes and some Speculation about the causes of General Theory\'s Success\" - is derived from the second paper. We start from the juxtaposition of historical hypotheses of two great authors about the state\'s theory of \"macroeconomic\" before Keynes, and the causes of the success of the General Theory. On one hand, Robert Lucas argues that Macroeconomics as developed by Keynes was a deviation in the tradition of equilibrist fluctuation analysis, whose success was a fortunate historical accident. On the other, Olivier Blanchard argues that what was before Keynes was a great diversity of methods and the absence of a hegemonic apparatus, and the success of Keynes was due exclusively to theoretical and methodological advances made in that work.

Nous démontrons qu’il existe une récurrence dans la pensée de Keynes en matière de fluctuations, à savoir que l’investissement est le facteur majeur guidant les fluctuations économiques. La première partie explore les écrits datant d’avant 1925 environ, en analysant les thématiques et problèmes qui en émergent et qui anticipent ceux du Treatise on Money (1930). La seconde partie se focalise sur le Treatise à proprement parler, ainsi que la transition de cet ouvrage à la Théorie Générale de l’Emploi, de l’Intérêt et de la Monnaie (1936) suite à la crise économique du début des années 1930. La troisième et dernière partie aborde ainsi la réponse apportée par la Théorie Générale à ce problème, en démontrant que la théorie de l’investissement qui y est développée est au coeur de son analyse des fluctuations et cycles économiques. / The dissertation argues that there is a recurrence in Keynes’s thought as regards economic fluctuations: investment is considered as the primary factor driving these fluctuations. The first part explains how, in the author’s early writings, some topics and problems that would be discussed in the Treatise on Money (1930) would emerge out of an interest for monetary instability. The second part focuses on the Treatise as such, but also on the transition between this book and the General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1936) following the economic crisis of the Great Depression. Finally the third part discusses the answer given by the General Theory to this problem, by showing that investment as understood and explained in this book is at the center of an analysis of economic fluctuations and business cycles.

Inaug.-diss.--Greifswald. / Vita. "Die vollstǎndige arbeit wird im verlage von J. Abel in Greifswald erscheinen": Foot-note, p. 28. Never published?

Unemployment is a major problem in South Africa that has the potential to erode the democratic future of this country. In general, the main economic approaches that deal with unemployment are informed by neo-liberal and neo-Marxist perspectives. The problem is that these perspectives are in a dialectical tension with each other and can increase conflict and unemployment. This dialectical tension is reflected in language that can be informed by the reductionist aspects of the ontologies perspectives. The purpose of this study is to inquire whether the deconstruction of Jacques Derrida can provide an alternative perspective for the dialectical tension present between neo-liberal and neo-Marxist approaches that are being used to address the problem of unemployment in the South African context. In this regard, the critique of the language of reductionist ontologies by deconstruction provides a means to move beyond the tension between neo-liberalism and neo-Marxism, because deconstruction uncovers the ambivalence of the language of both perspectives, but without constructing a new synthesis that may result in new reductions of reality. This reduction of reality is evident in the use of “growth momentum”, referred to by Rodrik (2008:3), as a suggestion of a neo-liberal solution to the problem of unemployment. Growth is a reference to natural processes that can become a means to hide the mechanical structure of the economic cycle, which again has the potential to restrict growth through extreme forms of inequality and greed. Neo-Marxist perspectives utilise references to “equality” and “government intervention” to deal with injustice. This can result in extreme forms of control that diminish human dignity. The role of deconstruction for the language of economic theory is illustrated by Jacques Derrida’s use of the word “Gift”. A gift is ambivalent because it contains a tension between self-interest and justice, which Jacques Derrida refers to as “hospitable narcissism”. It will be argued that this ambivalence is present in the language of the economic theory of John Maynard Keynes, which may provide important sustainable economic perspectives for dealing with unemployment in South Africa, thus providing a practical application of hospitable narcissism. In this regard, deconstruction is helpful to develop sensitivity to the language used and the ontologies that inform the language when addressing unemployment. The gift advances human dignity through responsible governance that is critical of 5 uncontrolled self-interest, greed and corruption. This happens through engagement with unemployed people – an act of accountability. In this regard, the study aims at researching the following goals: Firstly, it aims to argue that unemployment in general is perpetuated by the dialectical tension between neo-liberalism and neo-Marxism; secondly, the deconstruction of language provides a critical perspective on reality that opens new perspectives for discussing the possibility of sustainable economic language, with reference to the word “gift”; thirdly, an aspect of “the gift” is present in the economic theory of Keynes that may provide sustainable perspectives for unemployment in the South African context. In order to reach these goals, a praxis methodology is followed in which the practical reality of unemployment and the dialectical tension between neo-liberalism and neo-Marxism in South Africa are the points of departure. The implication is that the economic reality of unemployment and the political tension between neo-liberalism and neo-Marxism form the basis for further philosophical reflection. To do this, a deconstructive approach is followed as a means to explore the ontology of neo-liberalism and neo-Marxism. This is followed by a deconstructive reading of the economic theory that John Maynard Keynes follows in order to provide alternative perspectives for the problem of unemployment in South Africa. The following resources were consulted in the research: Library catalogue of the North-West University, research articles through the database of Ebsco-host, statistics of unemployment from Statistics South Africa, and newspaper articles. This mini-dissertation is presented in the form of an article, in accordance with rule A.7.2.5 of the “General Academic Rules” of the North-West University. The article will be presented for publication in the journal Acta Academica, at a later stage. In this regard, the guidelines for publication of this journal are included in the appendix. The article contains the following subdivisions: 1. Introduction 2. Neo-liberalism and neo-Marxism: Contemporary research of unemployment in South Africa 3. Deconstruction and “the gift” 4. John Maynard Keynes and unemployment 5. “The gift” and unemployment in the South African context 6. Conclusion In the next section, the research article is presented with a bibliography and a summary of the article in English and Afrikaans, in accordance with the prescriptions of Acta Academica. In the final sections of the document some general conclusions, the limitations of the study and recommendations for further research, are presented. This is followed by the appendix with prescriptions for research articles submitted to Acta Academica. / Thesis (MPhil)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.