Agricultural vehicles use electronic control units (ECUs) as control system. HistoricallyECUs have only been equipped with a minimum of features. With therecent progress in electronics, which have made components faster, smaller andcheaper, the trend is now to integrate more advanced functionality into the ECUs. Agricultural vehicles are present all over the world and they have to operateunder a wide variety of conditions. This put high requirements on the system andit is critical that a modern ECU can detect and locate errors. For an ECU to beable to operate on a world-wide market it is required to be flexible, expandableand robust. In addition to these requirements it is also wanted that an ECU havea long lifespan and a low cost. In this thesis different problems that modern ECUs have to face are investigated.Suggestions of how to solve these problems are also presented. Thereare two focuses in the thesis, 1) how ECUs can acquire information from its inputs/outputs; and 2) the requirements of the ECU hardware. This thesis does not aim to deliver a fully specified system description butrather to provide an overview of how an ECU can be designed and which problemsthat it has to face. A selection of areas of ECU design which are investigated in this thesis are,1) typical inputs/outputs; 2) analog-to-digital converters and their application; 3)how multiplexers can be used; 4) requirements of general purpose inputs/outputs(GPIO); 5) monitoring of a controller area network (CAN); 6) power-supply requirementand monitoring; 7) monitoring of the vehicle’s battery; 8) memory; 9)requirement of the microcontroller (MCU);Agricultural vehicles use electronic control units (ECUs) as control system. HistoricallyECUs have only been equipped with a minimum of features. With therecent progress in electronics, which have made components faster, smaller andcheaper, the trend is now to integrate more advanced functionality into the ECUs.Agricultural vehicles are present all over the world and they have to operateunder a wide variety of conditions. This put high requirements on the system andit is critical that a modern ECU can detect and locate errors. For an ECU to beable to operate on a world-wide market it is required to be flexible, expandableand robust. In addition to these requirements it is also wanted that an ECU havea long lifespan and a low cost.In this thesis different problems that modern ECUs have to face are investigated.Suggestions of how to solve these problems are also presented. Thereare two focuses in the thesis, 1) how ECUs can acquire information from its inputs/outputs; and 2) the requirements of the ECU hardware.This thesis does not aim to deliver a fully specified system description butrather to provide an overview of how an ECU can be designed and which problemsthat it has to face.A selection of areas of ECU design which are investigated in this thesis are,1) typical inputs/outputs; 2) analog-to-digital converters and their application; 3)how multiplexers can be used; 4) requirements of general purpose inputs/outputs(GPIO); 5) monitoring of a controller area network (CAN); 6) power-supply requirementand monitoring; 7) monitoring of the vehicle’s battery; 8) memory; 9)requirement of the microcontroller (MCU);

More and more embedded systems choose ARM-based micro-controllers as CPU. If no embedded OS built with the system, the application scope will be restricted. Therefore, the need of embedded OS is vital. There are many embedded OS¡¦s in the market, but the embedded Linux has many advantages and is widely accepted. Commercial embedded Linux takes less refund than other embedded OS¡¦s. The kernel and most applications are distributed in GPL open source copyright, and is highly portable to many machine platforms. Presently, the hardware key-technology is highly skilled. The margin of 3C industrial has gone down rapidly. Therefore, people focus on adapting integrated technology to practicality and innovation to make cost down. Developers choose appropriate ARM micro-controllers according to demanding functionality of their products. The microcontroller is not necessary running with Linux distribution. Two approaches can be used to resolve the embedded OS issue. The first approach is porting Linux to the platform without any refund. The second approach is to pay for commercial Linux. Embedded system peripheral devices aim at powerful functionalities and economy. For instance, UART interface is cheap and low data transfer rate. The target board communicates with host via RS-232. RS-232 acts as serial console to play dumb terminal under Linux. Industrial applications often make use of RS-xxx for UART physical transmission layer. For instance, RS-485 applies modbus protocol to build cheap monitor systems. Network transmission is a necessary function, and it generally achieves high data transfer rate application through Ethernet. The UNIX-like network socket has served network application very well. Embedded systems are usually diskless systems. In order to keep permanent data, using flash memory as block disk system is a widely adapted strategy and which operates flash memory through MTD subsystems¡][28]¡^. An MTD subsystem contains two different modules, ¡§user¡¨and ¡§driver¡¨. In the driver module, CFI¡][40]¡^ is applied to probe flash chip, partition it and provide operating function. Flash translation layer and file-system are applied in the user module. MTD BLOCK is used to emulate the flash partitions as block devices which are then mounted into Linux virtual file system¡]VFS¡^with JFFS2 type, designed according to the feature of flash devices. In this thesis, we will describe in detail the procedure of porting Linux to ARM micro-controllers. The motivation of the work is introduced in chapter 1. In chapter 2, we introduce development tools and the main flow of the porting procedure. In chapter 3, we describe the LH79525 platform and the main perepherals on the target board, then introduce the ARM programmer model. In chapter 4, we examine the required knowledge and the important issues for porting ARM Linux. In chapter 5, we describe the details of porting Linux to run with Sharp LH79525, including modifying the key source codes and adjusting kernel configuration for embedding the UART, ethernet MAC, and MTD subsystem. In chapter 6, we do step-by-step validation and apply an integrated application with the LF-314CP temperature controller¡][46]¡^ by law-chain technology for the LH79525 target board running with the ported ARM Linux. In chapter 7, we present some issues for future work and improvement, then make a conclusion for the thesis.

The thesis deals with the design and realization of device for controlling the light source remotely over the internet. The work uses two standards for wireless transmission of small data IQRF and for control DALI light sources. The purpose is to combine both standards and create a device that will be able to wirelessly control the light source.

This thesis targets on design of portable device for impedance measurement. Theoretical knowledge related to the construction of a portable impedance analyzer is summarized in a separate chapter. This section also compares some commercially available impedance analyzers. In addition, this thesis contains a description of the principle of operation of the impedance analyzer, which is divided into individual function blocks and supplemented by control circuits. A large part of the work focuses on the design of the analog measurement circuit, where suitable measuring methods are also presented. The functionality of the analog blocks of the device was verified by circuit simulation in the PSpice program and by experimental tests. Selection of some components is mentioned in the relevant chapters, where the essential parameters from datasheets are listed. The output of the work deals with a designed prototype of the device, which was tested. Based on the findings some modifications of the device were proposed for practical usability. The attachment of the thesis contains final version of designed printed circuit board.

Cílem této diplomové práce bylo navrhnout moduly určené k demonstraci a testování některých obvodů, používaných v automobilové technice. Jedná se o LIN transceiver NCV7420 a osmivýstupový výkonový budič AMIS-39101. Návrh spočíval ve vybrání a popisu parametrů vhodných podpůrných obvodů, vytvoření celkového schématu a navržení desky plošných spojů tohoto modulu s ohledem na kompaktní rozměry a předpokládané testy. Dalším krokem byla tvorba firmware řídicího mikrokontroléru (C8051F344), jež zajišťuje LIN komunikaci, řízení budiče a základní monitorovací funkce. Poslední část popisuje software pro hostitelský PC umožňující komfortní řízení sítě složené z těchto modulů. Pro úplnost byl tento projekt doplněn o přehled vlastností sběrnice LIN a metodiky testování LIN transceiveru z hlediska funkčních parametrů i některých EMC měření. V příloha obsahuje kompletní schéma modulu, výkresy desek plošných spojů, seznam řídicích příkazů a fotografie modulu.

This master’s thesis contains complete design of the complex measuring system for temperature, pressure and flow. Objects of measuring are pressure in rabbit’s heart ventricle, flow of the saline through the heart and the temperatures of physiological solution. Work is interested in programming of microcontroller and program for LabVIEW environment, which is used to view and export relevant data related to measuring. Text also contains technical documentation of functional sample of measuring system.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第18411号 / 情博第526号 / 新制||情||93(附属図書館) / 31269 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科通信情報システム専攻 / (主査)教授 小野寺 秀俊, 教授 髙木 直史, 教授 佐藤 高史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

Göteborgs Tekniska College valde att starta en ny kurs våren 2018 inom Teknik specialisering. Kursen skulle inkludera ett större projekt där deltagarna får bygga en självkörande bil i en ”uppkopplad stadsmiljö” med målet att utveckla och tillämpa färdigheter inom programmering, elektronik och projektutförande. Inom dessa ramar syftar examensarbetet att ta fram teoretiskt och praktiskt material för att framställa en prototyp för en automatiserad bil och kursens genomförande. Teorimaterialet innehåller kunskap som krävs utav elever för att kunna bygga en självkörande bil (autonom bil). Den praktiska delen innebär att bygga en fungerande självkörande bil så att den kan navigera sig fram inom ett avgränsat område utan att kollidera med något föremål. Kursupplägget skall genomföras på ett pedagogiskt sätt i syfte att deltagarna senare, med hjälp av sina kunskaper, kan genomföra projektet kring den självkörande bilen. Utifrån detta syfte har följande problemställningar formulerats: (i) Designa en billig och enkel autonom bil som ska kunna följa vägmarkeringar på marken, förflytta sig självständigt mellan två punkter och undvika hinder. (ii) Utarbeta ett kursupplägg för en projektbaserad kurs som ska uppfylla vissa kursmål. För att kunna uppfylla syftet har tidigare forskning om autonoma bilar studerats för att få en helhetsinsikt i byggnation och styrning samt vad man behöver tänka på vid implementering av autonoma bilar. När det gäller kursupplägg har teorier om teknikinlärning via projekt legat till grund för planering och genomförandet. Resultatet blev en fungerande autonom bil som var uppbyggd av de valda komponenterna. Under laborationstillfällena har deltagarna utvecklat kunskaper om funktion och egenskaper hos analoga och digitala elektronikkomponenter. Undervisningsmetoden projektbaserat lärande skapade förutsättningar för deltagarna att utveckla förmågor i problemlösning, samarbete och planering, vilket i sin tur ledde till en fullständig projektprocess och en fungerande slutprodukt. / In the spring of 2018, Gothenburg’s Technical College decided to start a new course in technology specialization. The course would include a larger project where participants build a self-driving car with the goal of developing and applying skills in programming, electronics, and project execution. Within this framework, the thesis aims to prepare theoretical and practical material to produce a prototype for an automated car as well as for the implementation of the course. The theoretical material contains knowledge required of students to be able to build a self-driving car (autonomous). The practical element involves building a functioning self-driving car so that it can navigate within a specified area without colliding with objects. The course should be carried out in a pedagogical way with the aim that the participants can later, with the help of their knowledge, carry out the project of the self-driving car. Based on this aim, the following problems have been formulated: (i) Design a cheap and simple autonomous car that should be able to follow road markings, navigate independently between two points and avoid obstacles. (ii) Develop a course design for a project-based course that must meet certain course goals. To fulfill this aim, previous research on autonomous cars has been studied to gain an overall insight into construction and control as well as what needs to be considered when implementing autonomous cars. In terms of course design, literature on project-based technology learning has been the basis for course implementation. The result was a functioning autonomous car, built by the selected components. During the laboratory sessions, the participants developed knowledge of the function and properties of analog and digital electronic components. The teaching method project-based learning created conditions for the participants to develop abilities in problem solving, collaboration and planning, which in turn led to a complete project process and a functioning final product.

This report presents the design of a conceptual prototype aimed at identifying keys in specific positions inside a cabinet utilizing Radio-frequency identification (RFID)technology. The prototype integrates RFID readers, managed by a microcontroller unit(MCU), establishing a backend peripheral system. The cabinet is made of steel, and given RFID’s sensitivity to nearby metal, experimentation was conducted to evaluate the impact of metal proximity on the reading range. Experimental results reveal a reduction in the reading range of 15 mm (43%) by one metal sheet and 26 mm (74%) by two metal sheets present, highlighting the relation between RFID technology and metallic environments. Additionally, the finished prototype is also presented in the Results and Discussion section, giving a more detailed insight into its practical implementation. This project demonstrates the viability of item-level identification through the utilization of low-frequency readers. Particularly relevant for positional identification, the short reading range of a low-frequency reader offers precision by limiting the area in which a detected transponder may be located. / Denna rapport presenterar designen av en konceptuell prototyp avsedd att identifiera nycklar på specifika positioner i ett skåp med användning av Radio-frequency identification (RFID) teknologi. Prototypen integrerar RFID läsare, hanterade av en microcontroller unit (MCU), och etablerar ett perifert backendsystem. Skåpet är gjort av stål, och givet RFIDs känslighet mot nära metal har experiment utförts för att utvärdera hur metallen påverkar en läsares omfång. Experimentella resultat avslöjar en reduktion i läsarens omfång på 15 mm (43%) med en metallplatta och 26 mm (74%) med tvåmetallplattor närvarande. Dessutom presenteras den färdiga prototypen i Resultat och Diskussionsdelen, för att ge en mer detaljerad insyn på dess praktiska implementation. Detta projektet demonstrerar genomförbarheten av identifikation på artikelnivå genomanvändandet av lågfrekvens läsare. Särskilt relevant för positionell identifikation är det korta omfånget av en lågfrekvens läsare, då detta erbjuder precision genom att begränsaområdet där en transponder kan lokaliseras.

This thesis report presents a new design of a synchronization unit for high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) applications used for depositing thin films. The proposed system is composed of two major hardware parts: a microcontroller unit (MCU) and a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The control range of the new system is increased by at least ten times compared to existing synchronization unit designed by Ionautics AB.In order to verify the system and benchmark its innovations, several batches of the thin film have been deposited using the new technology. It is shown that HiPIMS with synchronized pulsed substrate bias can effectively improve coating performance. Pulsed substrate bias with user-defined pulse width and delay time is possible to use in the new control mode proposed by this master thesis work; Bias mode. As a result, this master thesis work enables users to flexibly control the HiPIMS processes.