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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
181

Efeitos da suplementação com caroço de algodão sobre desempenho, metabolismo de nutrientes e qualidade da carne de ovinos / Effects of cottonseed supplementation on performance, nutrient metabolism and meat quality of sheep

Linander de Lima Campos 28 July 2017 (has links)
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a dieta de ovinos a base de caroço de algodão sobre parâmetros de desempenho, metabolismo de nutrientes, emissão de metano e qualidade da carne, bem como o efeito acumulativo e sinais de toxicidade causados pela ingesta?o de concentraco?es elevadas de gossipol livre presente na dieta dos animais, garantindo a segurança alimentar. O experimento teve duração de 70 dias, com 16 animais machos deslanados, castrados, da raça Santa Inês, com massa corporal inicial de 44 ± 4,7 kg e idade me?dia de 18 ± 2 meses, divididos em Tratamento Controle (TC) e Tratamento com Caroço de Algodão (TCA). As dietas foram oferecidas diariamente em dois períodos, constituida por 40% de feno de Tifton (Cynodon spp) e 60% de concentrado (50 % milho moido e 50% de soja em grão, e 100% de caroço de algiodão integral, respectivamente para TC e TCA), além da oferta de água e mistura mineral ad libitum. O exprerimento in vivo foi dividido em três períodos, ensaio de desempenho (10 dias de adaptação aos tratamentos e 45 de acompanhamento), ensaio de digestibilidade aparente (5 dias de adapatação e 5 dias de coletas) e ensaio de produção de metano entérico (2 dias de adaptação e 3 dias de coletas). Foram realizadas análises bromatológicas para caracterização dos componentes das dietas, sobras e excrementos, para inferir o consumo e ganho de peso dos animais; avaliação dos parâmetros ruminais de AGGC, ph, N-NH3 e Gossipol livre; e estimativa da produção microbiana, através dos derivados de purinas. Decorridos os 70 dias, os animais permaneceram em jejum de sólidos (16h), em seguida foram abatidos e as carcaças avaliadas. Foram determinados os parâmetros fisíco-químico, de rendimento da carcaça, avalição centesimal, qualidade da carne e gossipol livre. A inclusão de 60% do caroço de algodão no concentrado proporcionou aumento na ingestão, na digestibilidade média de nutrientes e no metabolismo de nitrogênio; permitindo um ambiente propício às atividades dos microrganismos ruminais, evidenciado pelos parâmetros ruminais AGCC, ph e N-NH3 e produção CH4. No entanto, os animais apresentaram menor ganho de peso e rendimento em relação a dieta controle. Os critérios de qualidade da carcaça e na composic?a?o centesimal, não houve diferença. Tendo em conta a qualidade da carne de ovinos Santa Inês, sugere-se que a inclusão de até 60% da alimentação dos animais com caroço de algodão na substituição de milho e soja, no período de terminação, estaria seguro sem causar intoxicação ou alterações na carcaça e, portanto, sem riscos para a saúde humana; contribuindo assim para a produção de alimentos de forma sustentável e segura / The aim of this study was to evaluate sheep fed with whole cottonseed on performance parameters, nutrient metabolism, methane emission and meat quality, either the toxixity effect caused by the ingestion of high amount of free gossypol present in animals feed, ensuring food security. The experiment lasted 70 days, using 16 Santa Inês\' sheep, with initial body mass of 44 ± 4,7 kg and mean age of 18 ± 2 months, distributed in Control Treatment (TC) and whole cottonseed Treatment (TCA). The feed were offered daily in two periods, consisting of 40% of Tifton hay (Cynodon spp) and 60% of concentrate (50% corn grains and 50% soybean meal, and 100% whole cottonseed, respectively for TC and TCA), also water and minerals were supplied ad libitum. The in vivo study was divided into three periods, performance assay (10 days of adaptation to treatments and 45 days of assay), apparent digestibility assay (5 days of adaptation and 5 days of assay) and enteric methane emissions (2 days of adaptation and 3 days of assay). Bromatological analyzes of feeds, leftovers and excrements were realized to characterize the components, and to determine consumption and weight gain of the animals; Evaluation of ruminal parameters of short chain faty acids (SCFA), pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and free gossypol; also estimation of microbial production through the purine derivatives content in urine. After 70 days, the animals remained fasted (16h), then slaughtered and carcasses were evaluated. Physicochemical parameters, carcass yield, centesimal evaluation, meat quality and free gossypol were determined. The inclusion of 60% of whole cottonseed in the concentrate provided an increase in the intake, average digestibility of nutrients, also the nitrogen metabolism; allowing an environment conducive to the activities of ruminal microorganisms, evidenced by ruminal parameters SCFA, pH, NH3-N and CH4 production. However, the animals had lower weight gain in relation to the control diet. The criteria of carcass quality and centesimal composition did not differ between diets. The presence of free gossypol was not detected neither in meat nor in liver samples. Taking into account the quality of Santa Inês\' meat, it is suggested that the inclusion up to 60% of whole cottonseed animals\' feed, in the confinement termination period would be safe when in substitution of corn and soybeans, without causing intoxication or changes in the carcass, and therefore without risks to human health; contribuiting for the production of food in a secure, safety and sustainable way
182

Desempenho e características de carcaça de ovinos submetidos a ganho compensatório / Performance and carcass characteristics of sheep undergoing feed restriction

Hermes, Paula Regina 02 September 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:47:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula_Regina_Hermes.pdf: 411163 bytes, checksum: 66a49a7572de84a16414d0ba8c07261f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Aiming to assess the different levels of feed restriction for a compensatory gain on the performance, and sheep carcass characteristics, were used twenty four males, Santa Inês breed, allocated in fully randomized design, in which were investigated four levels of feed restriction (0, 20, 40 and 60%). Eighteen animals with average body weight of 20.3 Kg were submitted during 64 days to 20, 40 and 60% of feed restriction based on the consumption of the animals fed ad libtum (0% restriction) and later all animals were fed unrestrainedly for a second period of 64 days. Regression analysis was used to study the levels of feed restriction, when significant differences were detected in the analysis of variance. The feed restriction promoted a negative effect under the performance of the animals, in a way that the increase in the feed restriction level resulted in lower weight of animals at the end of the first period. In the feedback period the animals submitted to previous feed restriction presented similar daily dry matter intake, however better food conversion and feed efficiency, reflecting a higher daily weight gain, a fact which characterized the compensatory gain. Nevertheless, the feedback period was not sufficient for animals to present the same final weight as animals fed unrestrainedly during all the experiment, resulting a partial compensatory gain. The negative linear effect of restrictive diets under the animals final performance reflected in smaller values of body weight at rise, body weight at slaughter, warm carcass weight, empty carcass weight, cool carcass weight, and commercial meat cuts weight. The management of feed restriction for 64 days followed by ad libtum feed for a similar period causes negative effects on the performance of sheep in termination, resulting in losses in carcass weights and commercial meat cuts weight / Com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes níveis de restrição alimentar para ganho compensatório sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça, foram utilizados 24 ovinos machos, da raça Santa Inês, alocados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, onde foram estudados quatro níveis de restrição alimentar (0, 20, 40 e 60%). Dezoito animais com peso corporal médio de 20,3 kg foram submetidos durante 64 dias a 20, 40 e 60% de restrição alimentar em função do consumo dos animais alimentados ad libtum (0% restrição) e posteriormente todos os animais receberam alimentação à vontade por um segundo período de 64 dias. A análise de regressão foi utilizada para estudo dos níveis de restrição alimentar, quando detectadas diferenças significativas na análise de variância. A restrição alimentar promoveu efeito negativo sob o desempenho dos animais, de forma que o aumento do nível de restrição alimentar resultou em menor peso dos animais ao fim do primeiro período. No período de realimentação os animais submetidos à restrição alimentar anterior apresentaram semelhante consumo diário de matéria seca, entretanto melhor conversão alimentar e eficiência alimentar, refletindo em maior ganho de peso diário, fato este que caracterizou o ganho compensatório. Entretanto, o período de realimentação não foi suficiente para que os animais apresentassem os mesmos pesos finais que os animais alimentados à vontade durante todo o experimento, ocasionando ganho compensatório parcial. O efeito linear negativo dos regimes alimentares restritivos sob o desempenho final dos animais refletiu nos menores valores de peso corporal a origem, peso corporal de abate, peso de carcaça quente, peso de carcaça vazia, peso de carcaça fria e peso dos cortes comerciais. O manejo de restrição alimentar por 64 dias seguido de alimentação ad libtum por igual período causa efeitos negativos sobre o desempenho de cordeiros em terminação, ocasionando prejuízos no pesos de carcaça e pesos de cortes comerciais
183

Caraterísticas de carcaça, aspectos nutricionais da carne e análise financeira da terminação em confinamento de caprinos submetidos a dietas contendo glicerina bruta / Carcass characteristics, nutritional aspects of meat feedlot goat kids fed diets containing crude glycerin

Rocha, Karlyene Sousa da 27 April 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T17:11:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-KarlyeneSousaRocha.pdf: 421457 bytes, checksum: 7159eb1806e0cadbf7f8479f09e87260 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-27 / FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA E AO DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTIFICO E TECNOLÓGICO DO MARANHÃO / The objective of the research was evaluate the effect of increasing levels of crude glycerin on carcass characteristics and meat quality in goat feedlot finished, as well as economic viability. Was confined 20 crossbred Boer goats , barrows , weaned at 90 days of age with an average initial weight of 17.07 ± 2.07 kg, distributed in randomized complete block design with four treatments consisted of increasing levels of inclusion crude glycerin in the diet replacing corn with 0, 4, 8, and 12% in total dry matter of the diet , and five replications . The animals were fed the diet with 30% forage and 70% concentrate in confinement lasting 65 days (14 days adaptation and 51 days of collection). At the end of the period of confinement, the animals were slaughtered and carcass evaluation was conducted to obtain slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, hot carcass yield and fat thickness. After evaluation of the carcass, the Longissimus dorsi of each carcass was removed half left for later determination of proximate composition, loss of water by boiling, water holding capacity, fatty acid profile and sensory analysis. The economic viability of the use of crude glycerin was evaluated in a spreadsheet set up from the revenue from the sale of animals, feed costs and concepts of net benefit and marginal rate of return. Inclusion of crude glycerin in the diet did not affect (P>0.05) slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, fat thickness, loss of water by boiling, water holding capacity of Longissimus dorsi muscle, as well as its composition chemistry, with the exception of ash content which decreased linearly (P< 0.01) as the glycerin was added to the diet . Replacing corn affected by crude glycerin decreasing linearly (P< 0.01) fatty acid C18:2 ω-6 and the relationship ω6:ω3 (P< 0.02) and sensory analysis of meat was no difference (P<0.05) in the attributes hardness, color and overall acceptability. Economic viability in the use of crude glycerin in feedlot finished goats generates positive rate of return. Concluded to be possible to use 12% glycerin in the diet of goats feedlot finished without changes in weight at slaughter, as well as the nutritional and sensory quality of the meat. From the economic point of view its use in the diet should be based on their availability in the region or the financial viability. / O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito de teores crescentes de glicerina bruta sobre as características de carcaça e qualidade de carne em caprinos terminados em confinamento, bem como a viabilidade econômica. Confinou-se 20 cabritos mestiços Boer, machos, castrados, desmamados aos 90 dias de idade com peso médio inicial de 17,07 ± 2,07 kg, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos completos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos que consistiram em teores crescentes de inclusão de glicerina bruta na dieta em substituição ao milho, sendo 0, 4, 8, e 12% na matéria seca total da dieta, e cinco repetições. Os animais receberam a dieta com 30% de volumoso e 70% de concentrado em confinamento com duração de 65 dias (14 dias adaptação e 51 dias de coleta). Ao término do período de confinamento, os animais foram abatidos e a avaliação da carcaça foi realizada para obtenção do peso vivo ao abate, peso da carcaça quente, rendimento de carcaça quente e espessura de gordura. Após a avaliação da carcaça, o músculo Longissimus dorsi de cada meia carcaça esquerda foi retirado para posterior determinação da composição centesimal, perda de agua por cocção, capacidade de retenção de água, perfil de ácidos graxos e análise sensorial. A viabilidade econômica do uso da glicerina bruta foi avaliada em uma planilha de cálculo montada a partir da receita pela venda dos animais, custos com alimentação e conceitos de benefício líquido e de taxa marginal de retorno. A inclusão de glicerina bruta na dieta não influenciou (P>0,05) o peso ao abate, peso da carcaça quente, rendimento de carcaça quente, espessura de gordura, perdas de agua por cocção, capacidade de retenção de água do músculo Longissimus dorsi, assim como sua composição química, com exceção do teor de cinzas que reduziu linearmente (P<0,01) à medida que a glicerina foi adicionada à dieta. A substituição do milho pela glicerina bruta afetou de forma linear decrescente (P<0,01) o ácido graxo C18:2 ω-6 bem como a relação ω6:ω3 (P<0,02) e para análise sensorial da carne houve diferença (P<0,05) nos atributos dureza, cor e aceitação global. Na viabilidade econômica o uso da glicerina bruta na terminação em confinamento de cabritos gera taxa de retorno positiva. Conclui-se ser possível utilizar 12% de glicerina na dieta de cabritos terminados em confinamento sem alterações no peso vivo dos animais ao abate, bem como no valor nutricional e qualidade sensorial da carne. Do ponto de vista econômico o seu uso na ração deve ser indicado em função da disponibilidade na região ou da viabilidade financeira.
184

Uso de agonista &#946;-adrenérgico na dieta de bovinos de corte / The use of &#946;-adrenergic agonist in beef cattle diet

Nara Regina Brandão Cônsolo 03 December 2015 (has links)
O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito do Cloridrato de Zilpaterol (ZH), Ractopamina (RH) e aumento no nível de proteína da dieta, em dois experimentos distintos na dieta de animais Nelore em sistema de confinamento, nas características produtivas, metabólitos sanguíneos, características de carcaça, composição de corpo vazio e ganho, qualidade da carne e expressão gênica. Para isso, foram realizados dois experimentos. O Exp. 1 utilizou 48 machos, não castrados, distribuídos em blocos casualisados em 4 tratamentos em arranjo fatorial 2x2, sendo dois níveis de PB: 100 e 120% e dois níveis de RH: 0 e 300mg/animal/dia. No Exp. 2, foram utilizadas 72 novilhas da raça Nelore distribuídas em delineamento em blocos casualizados. As novilhas foram separadas em dois grupos: Controle (CONT) e Zilpaterol (ZH). Em ambos os experimentos, os animais foram pesados periodicamente e amostras de sangue foram coletadas. Após o abate, o PCQ foi avaliado, amostras da musculatura foram obtidas para análise de PCR. Depois do resfriamento das carcaças, a AOL e EGS foram avaliados, amostras do músculo Longissimus e a sessão entre a 9&ordf; e 11&ordf; costelas foram coletadas. Além disso, no Exp. 2, as novilhas foram abatidas de forma seriada, 0, 20 e 30 dias de suplementação com ZH e no último abate, foi realizada a desossa completa da meia carcaça. A suplementação com RH aumentou o GMD, diminuiu CMS na dieta com PB120, e aumentou a eficiência alimentar, o teor de proteína plasmática e a atividade da ALP na dieta PB120, diminuiu a glicose na dieta PB100. Além disso, a RH diminuiu a FC nas carnes sem maturação e a dieta com 120% de proteína aumentou a FC nas carnes 0 e 7 dias maturadas. No Exp. 2, as novilhas suplementadas com ZH tiveram aumento no GMD, PCQ, EA, creatinina plasmática e diminuição dos AGNE. A composição de corpo vazio foi alterada após 20 dias de suplementação com ZH. O ZH aumentou o ganho de PCV, ganho de proteína e rendimento da maioria dos cortes do traseiro especial. Houve um aumento na FC aos dias 7 e 14 de maturação. O painel sensorial detectou diminuição da maciez da carne de animais alimentados com ZH, independentemente do tempo de maturação, e diminuição a suculência da carne nos tempos 0 e 14 de maturação. O ZH aumentou a expressão das enzimas calpaínas e calpastatina. Os resultados do presente estudo mostram aumento no desempenho produtivo dos animais alimentados com RH e ZH. A suplementação com ZH aumentou o rendimento dos cortes e mudou a composição corporal de ganho. O uso de agonista &#946;-adrenérgico melhora a eficiência do sistema e aumenta a deposição de tecido magro da carcaça, gerando maior rentabilidade por animal abatido / The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of Zilpaterol and Ractopamine Hydrochloride, in two distinct experiments on Nellore diet in feedlot system, for growth performance, serum metabolites, carcass traits, empty body weight composition, carcass gain composition, meat quality and gene expression. The Exp. 1 used 48 bulls, randomly assigned to four treatments in a 2x2 factorial arrangement; two levels of dietary CP: 100% and 120% of metabolizable protein requirement, defined as CP100 and CP120, respectively. Moreover, two levels of RH: 0 and 300 mg/animal/per day. The Exp. 2 used 72 Nellore heifers assigned to a randomized block design. Heifers were separated into 2 groups: Control and Zilpaterol (ZH). In both experiments, the animals were weighed and blood samples were taken periodically. Animals were slaughtered and HCW was recorded, muscle samples were taken to PCR analysis. After chilling, LMA and fat thickness were recorded, longissimus samples and the 911th rib section were obtained. In addition, in the Exp. 2, heifers were sub groups were slaughterer at 0, 20 and 30 days of ZH supplementation, in the last slaughterer, the carcass were debone. Supplementation with RH increased ADG, reduced DMI at CP120, improved G:F, plasma total protein at CP120, also decreased plasma glucose concentration at CP100, and increased ALP activity at CP120. Ractopamine decreased meat shear force, at day 0 of aging. Greater dietary protein increased meat shear force after 0 and 7 days of aging. Heifers fed ZH had gains in ADG, HCW, G:F ratio, increased serum creatinine, and decreased serum NEFA. Zilpaterol increased carcass dressing percentages, and also decreased kidney-pelvic fat. The EBW composition was changed after 20 d of ZH supplementation. The ZH increased EBW gain, EB protein gain, and subprimal yield. There was an increase on WBSF after 7 and 14 d of aging. The sensory panelists reported a decreased on meat tenderness by ZH supplementation, regarding aging time, and a decrease on juciness at 0 and 14 d of aging. The ZH increased the calpain and calpastatin gene expression. These results indicate the efficiency of RAC and ZH to improve the performance,feed efficiency, and muscle mass deposition in Nellore bulls and heifers. Greater CP did not further improved the RAC effect. The ZH supplementation increased the subprimal yield and changed body gain composition. Finally, the use of &#946;-adrenergic agonist increase the beef cattle system&#39;s efficiency by increasing the lean carcass component, with greater profitability per slaughtered animal
185

Suplementação nutricional de novilhos nelore com alfa-tocoferol (Vitamina E) e seus efeitos na qualidade da carne / Nutricional supplementation of nelore steers with alpha-tocoferol (Vitamin "E") and its effect in the quality of the meat

Lage, Moacir Evandro, 1966- 13 February 2004 (has links)
Orientador: Helena Teixeira Godoy / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T19:59:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lage_MoacirEvandro_D.pdf: 7285871 bytes, checksum: a1e480213acdfeb0e7b31420c8906a65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivos comparar a oxidação da mioglobina, dos lipídeos e do colesterol e a perda de suco na carne maturada e processada de bovinos suplementados ou não com vitamina E, durante a exposição em balcão remgerado, além de avaliar as alterações de sabor decorrentes da oxidação após o cozimento e posterior aquecimento. Também, determinar os níveis de vitamina E, ácidos graxos, colesterol, lipídeos totais e pH das mesmas amostras. Foram confinados 24 bovinos machos castrados, da raça Nelore (Bos indicus), submetidos a um período de confinamento de 98 dias, com ração de concentrado de milho, farelo de soja, polpa cítrica, e mistura mineral, e bagaço de cana-de-açúcar in natura como fonte de volumoso. Um lote de 12 novilhos foi suplementado com 1.000 mg de acetato de alfa-tocoferoVcabeça/diae o outro foi mantido como controle. Após o abate as carcaças foram resmadas por 24 horas e desossadas. A carne correspondente aos músculos Supraspinatus (SS), Semitendinosus (ST) e Longissimus lumborum (LL) foi embalada a vácuo e maturada em câmara ma (2°C por 14 dias), congelada e mantida em câmara de estocagem (-20°C) até o momento das análises.Com a parte da ponta-de-agulha desossada (referente a 68, 78, 88 e 98costelas) produziu-se o charque. O efeito da suplementação conn ¿tocoferol sobre a oxidação da mioglobina se manifestou após o primeiro dia de exposição em "display". O valor L* teve relação com a oxidação, apresentando-se mais elevado, principalmente nos músculos LL e SS. Houve grande diferença entre os músculos SS, ST e LL quanto à estabilidade da cor, sendo que o músculo LL apresentou maior estabilidade. A suplementação foi eficiente para aumentar a concentração intramuscular do a-tocoferol, mesmo em animais com história prévia de alimentação em pastagens. A estabilidade lipídica foi melhorada significativamente na carne. O músculo SS apesar da maior concentração de a-tocoferol demonstrou menor estabilidade lipídica em relação aos músculos LL e ST. Não houve nenhuma influência da suplementação de a-tocoferol sobre o nível de 7-cetocolesterol, único óxido de colesterol detectado no charque, e sobre a composição de ácidos graxos dos músculos analisados. O conteúdo de colesterol foi menor nos músculos do lote suplementado, sendo a diferença maior nos músculos com maior nível de a-tocoferol, com diferença significativa (P<0,05) para o músculo SS. A suplementação com a.-tocoferol reduziu a perda de suco dos músculos ST e SS, com menor perda de suco nos músculos dos animais suplementados (PO,O5),perceptível pelo grupo de provadores deste estudo, ao nível de suplementação dea -tocoferol utilizado, quanto ao sabor de requentado (WOF- Warmedover flavor)da carne assada. Do 10 para o 30 dia de estocagem refrigerada (+ ou - 5°C),houve um aumento (P <0,05) de intensidade de WOF. Os atributos sensoriais tipicos desejaveis da carne assada decresceram de intensidade no decorrer de 3 dias de conservação após o cozimento, enquanto os atributos oxidativos, desagradáveis, tiveram sua intensidade aumentada / Abstract: The objective of the present study was to compare the myoglobin, lipid and cholesterol oxidation, and drip loss in the matured and processed meat from cattle supplemented or not with vitamin E, during the "display" in rerngerated counter, besides evaluating the flavor alterations due oxidation after the cooking and posterior reheating. As well, to determine the vitamin E levels, fatty acids, cholesterol, total lipids and pH of the same samples. Twenty four Nelore steers (Bos indicus), males, castrated, were feeding for 98 days, with ration composed of concentrate contained com, soybean meal, citric pulp, and mineral premix, and sugar cane trash in natum. A group of 12 steers was supplemented with 1.000 mg of alpha-tocoferol acetate/head/day and the group remainder was kept as controI. After slaughter, the carcasses were cooled by 24 hours and boned. The meat corresponding to the muscles Supraspinatus (SS), Semitendinosus (ST) e Longissimus /umborum (LL) was vacuum packed and matured in cold chamber (2°C for 14 days), fTozenand kept in stock chamber (-20°C) until the moment of analyses. The part ofthe boned flank (regarding 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th ribs) was used to produce charqui. The effect of alpha-tocoferol supplementation on myoglobin oxidation appeared after the first exhibition day in "display". The value L* had relation with the oxidation, being more elevated, mostly in the muscles LL and SS. There was great difference among muscles SS, ST and LL regarding the color stability and the muscle LL was more stable. The alpha-tocoferol supplementation was efficient to increase the intermuscular alpha-tocoferol concentration, despite animals with previous history of pasture feeding. The lipid stability was improved (P<0,05) in the meat ITom supplemented steers. The muscle SS in spite of the highest alpha-tocoferol concentration demonstrated lower lipid stability regarding the muscles LL and ST. There was not influence of alpha-tocoferol supplementation on the 7-cetocolesterol levei, single cholesterol oxide detected in the charqui, and neither on the fatty acids composition of the analyzed muscles. The cholesterol content was lower in the muscles of the supplemented group, being the higher difference in the muscles with higher tocoferol levei, with significant difference (P<0,05) for the muscle SS. The alpha-tocoferol supplementation reduced drip loss of ST and SS muscles, with lower drip loss (P<0,05) in muscles of supplemented animais. The muscle LL did not suffer this influence. In the sensory aspect, there was no perceptible benefit (P>O,O5) by the fitting rooms group of this study, for alpha-tocoferol level used, regardingthe flavor of reheated roast-beef (WOF-Warmed over flavor). From 1st to 3rd day of rerngerated stock (+ ou - 5°C), there was an increase (P<0,05) of WOF's intensity. The typical desirable sensory attributes of the roastbeef decreased of intensity during the 3 days of preservation after the cooking, while the unpleasant oxidatives attributes had your intensity increased. / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos
186

Composição tecidual e avaliação da carne de cordeiros Lacaune X Texel / Tissue composition and evaluation of meat from cross-bred Lacaune/Texel lambs.

Arnoni, Raquel Klumb 08 March 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:38:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Raquel_Klumb_Arnoni.pdf: 228099 bytes, checksum: 786bcc20135c829be6d147fb7faa5649 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-08 / Effect of sex on tissue composition was evaluated, as well as instrumental and subjective evaluation of meat from cross-bred Lacaune X Texel lambs grown in improved native pasture and supplemented with ration and hay. Twenty two lambs (11 females and 11 males), were used born in September 2007 and slaughtered in January 2008.Slaughtering criterion for lambs was based on body condition (ranking from 2.5 to 3.5). After slaughter the carcasses were placed in cold room with forced air and temperature within ± 1°C. Subjective evaluations of texture, marbling and color of meat were performed. Other instrumental objective measures were made, such as the ability to retain water, as measured by the method of loss by pressure, and the color, evaluated by two methods: physicochemical and using a colorimeter obtained through the system CIELAB. The pH and temperature of the Longissimus dorsi muscle were measured at 0 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours post-mortem. For the analysis of tissue composition the separation of the following tissues was performed: subcutaneous fat, intermuscular fat, other, muscle and bone. The experimental design was completely randomized, with two treatments and eleven replications. The data were subjected to analysis of variance. Males and females from crossbreeding Lacaune X Texel present the same meat quality for subjective and instrumental characteristics. / Foi estudado o efeito do sexo sobre a composição tecidual e avaliação subjetiva e instrumental da carne de cordeiros cruza Lacaune X Texel terminados em campo nativo melhorado e suplementados com ração e feno. Foram utilizados 22 cordeiros (11 fêmeas e 11 machos), nascidos em setembro de 2007 e abatidos em janeiro de 2008. Para o abate dos cordeiros foi utilizado como critério a condição corporal de 2,5 a 3,5 numa escala de 1 a 5. Após os cordeiros serem abatidos as carcaças foram acondicionadas em câmara fria, com ar forçado, a temperatura de ±10C. Foram feitas avaliações subjetivas de textura, marmoreio e cor. Medidas objetivas instrumentais como a capacidade de retenção de água, sendo medida através do método de perda por pressão e a cor foi avaliada através de dois métodos: Físico-químico e utilizando colorímetro, obtendo através do sistema CIELAB. O pH e a temperatura do músculo Longissimus dorsi foram medidos nos momentos 0 h, 24 h e 48 h pós-mortem. Para a análise da composição tecidual da paleta e da perna foi realizada a dissecação havendo a separação dos seguintes tecidos: gordura subcutânea, gordura intermuscular, outros, músculo e osso. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos e onze repetições sendo os dados submetidos à análise de variância. Cordeiros machos não castrados e fêmeas provenientes do cruzamento Lacaune X Texel apresentaram qualidade de carne semelhante quanto às características subjetivas e instrumentais.
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Efeitos da criação de frangos em alta densidade sobre a ambiencia do galpão, o rendimento zootecnico e a qualidade da carne / Effects of high density chickens creation on the zootechnical yield, cage environment

Carvalho Neto, Pedro Marinho de 03 March 2005 (has links)
Orientador: Edir Nepomuceno da Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:38:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarvalhoNeto_PedroMarinhode_D.pdf: 1277124 bytes, checksum: 9c82888762527c4edc0193befbce4c2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: A criação de frangos em alta densidade populacional tem sido uma prática mundial com o objetivo de redução dos custos de produção. Esta prática causa alterações no ecossistema de criação, interferindo no bem-estar das aves, aumentando a concentração de fezes e dejeções que acarretam maior formação de gases irritantes como a amônia. Estas alterações ambientais podem afetar o rendimento zootécnico dos lotes e, possivelmente, a qualidade do produto obtido: carcaça e carnes. Produtos comerciais têm sido desenvolvidos para controlar a população microbiana da cama no intuito de reduzir a formação de gases. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido para avaliar os efeitos da criação de frangos em alta densidade sobre a ambiência do galpão, o rendimento zootécnico, e a qualidade da carne do peito. Os músculos foram provenientes de frangos criados nas densidades de 12, 16 e 20 aves/m2, com a existência da inoculação da Escherichia coli marcada sobre a cama dos frangos e o uso do Poultry Litter Treatment - PLT® como agente neutralizante do crescimento microbiano e da elevação de produção dos gases tóxicos. Para os três tratamentos em triplicata foram analisados o teor de contaminação microbiana nas camas dos lotes inoculados com E. coli NalR durante 28 dias e as demais determinações microbiológicas até os 35 dias, além da determinação do teor de amônia produzida ao longo do experimento até o último dia citado. Foram avaliados parâmetros de rendimento zootécnico, como, consumo de ração; ganho médio diário; conversão alimentar; mortalidade e índice de eficiência produtiva, para detectar possíveis diferenças entre os tratamentos analisados. Na analise sensorial os músculos de peito de frangos provenientes das camas contaminadas com E. coli NalR na densidade de 20 aves/m2 tiveram rejeição maior pelos consumidores, quando comparados com os de frangos das camas tratadas com PLT®, nas densidades de 12 e 16 aves/m2. Houve um eficaz desempenho do PLT® na interferência sobre a amônia produzida, nas primeiras semanas de aplicação, no entanto, gradativamente, ocorreu redução do efeito. Os rendimentos zootécnicos analisados foram melhores nas criações com 12 aves/m2, todavia, na densidade de 16 aves/m2 o parâmetro de eficiência produtiva e ganho de peso não foram divergentes da criação com 12 aves/m2, porém, são distintas da criação com 20 aves/m2 quando submetidas a contaminação da cama / Abstract: The chicken creation in high population density has been a worldwide practice with the objective of reducing production costs. This practice causes alterations in the creation ecosystem, interfering in the well-being of the birds, increasing feces and wastes concentration that results in higher formation of irritating gases as the ammonia. These environmental alterations can affect the zootechnical yield of the lots and, possibly, the obtained product quality. Commercial products have been developed to control the microbial population of the bed in the intention of reducing the gases formation. Therefore, this work was developed to evaluate the effects of high density creation of chickens on zootechnical yield, cage environment and quality meat. The muscles were obtained from chickens created in densities of 12, 16 and 20 birds/m2, with existence of the Escherichia coli inoculation stain on chicken bed, and use of Poultry Litter Treatment - PLT® as neutralize agent of both microbial growth and elevation of poisonous gases production. The three treatments, with three replicates, were analyzed for microbial contamination in the beds of the lots inoculated with E. coli NalR during 28 days, and the other microbiological determinations until 35 days, besides determination of ammonia produced along the experiment until the last mentioned day. It was evaluated zootechnical yield parameters, as ration consumption; daily weight increase; alimentary conversion; mortality and productive efficiency index, for detecting possible differences among the analyzed treatments. The sensorial character results demonstrated that chicken breast muscles from E. coli NalR polluted beds and 20 birds/m2 density creations had higher consumers rejection comparing to PLT® treated beds and 12 and 16 birds/m2 density creations. In relation to interference of the produced ammonia, there was an effective acting of PLT® in the first weeks of application. However, gradually the effect was reduced along the remaining period. The zootechnical yield was more relevant in 12 birds/m2 creations, though the parameters of productive efficiency and weight increasing were not divergent from 16 birds/m2 creation. However, both were different from 20 birds/m2 creation when submitted to the contamination of the bed. / Doutorado / Tecnologia de Alimentos / Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos
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Effect of dietary vitamin a supplementation on serum and liver retinol content, growth performance, carcass composition, and meat quality of lambs and cattle

Arnett, Aaron Matthew January 1900 (has links)
Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Michael E. Dikeman / Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin A on growth, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of ruminants. In Experiment 1, 40 crossbred wethers (BW = 28.7 kg) were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: backgrounding (BG) and finishing (FN) with no vitamin A (LL); BG with no vitamin A, FN with high vitamin A (6,600 IU[dot in middle of line]kg [superscript-1] diet) (LH); BG with high vitamin A and FN with no vitamin A (HL); and BG and FN with high vitamin A (HH). During BG (d 1 to 56), intake was restricted to achieve 0.22 kg ADG. During FN (d 57 to 112), lambs consumed the same diet ad libitum. Lambs were humanely slaughtered after 112 d. There were no treatment differences (P > 0.05) in feed intake, ADG, or final BW. Carcasses from the HH group had higher (P < .05) marbling scores (514 vs. 459), and 25.8 % more extractable intramuscular lipid (IMF) than LL (3.88 vs. 3.08 % for HH and LL, respectively, P < .05); the LH and HL treatments were intermediate. The was a negative correlation (r = -0.38) between serum fatty acid content and %IMF. Experiment 1 data suggest that increased marbling may be achieved with high vitamin A for 112 d in lambs. In Experiment 2, Angus crossbred steers (n = 48), were either early-weaned (EW) at 137[plus or minus]26 d of age or weaned at a traditional age (TW) 199[plus or minus]26 d and allotted to either 42,180 IU vitamin A[dot in middle of line]hd[superscript-1][dot in middle of line]d[superscript-1] (HA) or no vitamin A (NA). Early- and TW steers consumed treatments for 235[plus or minus]17 and 175[plus or minus]18 d, respectively. Serum and liver retinol content diverged dramatically (both, P < 0.01) by the end of the experiment and TW steers tended (P > 0.10) to have higher ADG than EW steers (1.31[plus or minus]0.2 and 1.48[plus or minus]0.2 kg[dot in middle of line]hd[superscript-1][dot in middle of line]d[superscript-1], respectively). Steers were humanely slaughtered at 1.02 cm fat. Weights tended (P = 0.08) to be heavier and carcasses were fatter (P < 0.05) for HA than NA. Marbling score and % IMF were higher (P < 0.05) for EW-NA than other treatments. Percentage of USDA Choice and Prime carcasses doubled (P < 0.05) for NA than HA. Yield grades increased (P < 0.05) with EW-HA and were similar (P > 0.10) among other treatments. Feeding NA was effective for increasing marbling without increasing fat; EW enhanced these effects. Reasons for the contradictory results in these 2 experiments are unclear. Species differences in the ability to metabolize retinol are implicated.
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Possibilités d'amélioration de la qualité de viande chez le poulet par la sélection génétique et interactions avec le mode d'élevage / Possibility of improving broiler meat quality by genetic selection and interactions with rearing factors

Alnahhas, Nabeel 27 May 2016 (has links)
Dans un contexte où la demande mondiale en viande de poulet ne cesse d’augmenter, les qualités technologique et sensorielle de cette viande sont devenues un enjeu majeur pour l’industrie. L’analyse de deux lignées de poulet divergentes pour le pH ultime (pHu) du filet confirme que la génétique est un déterminant majeur de ce caractère. Leur comparaison montre qu’augmenter le pHu du filet par sélection impacte le pHu d’autres muscles et améliore de nombreux critères dont le pouvoir de rétention d’eau, le rendement technologique et la tendreté de la viande. Si l’histologie et la composition biochimique du muscle ne sont pas affectées par la sélection, nos résultats suggèrent un lien défavorable entre un trop faible niveau des réserves énergétiques musculaires et l’incidence de défauts structuraux telle que les striations blanches. Par contre, aucun antagonisme génétique entre le pH ultime et les caractères de production (poids vif, rendement en viande et indice de consommation) n’a été observé. / In a context where the global demand for chicken meat is increasing, technological and sensory qualities of this meat have become a major issue for the poultry industry. The analysis of two chicken lines divergent for ultimate pH (pHu) of breast fillets confirms that genetics is a major determinant of this trait. Between-lines comparison shows that increasing the pHu by selection changes the pHu of other muscles and improves many other quality criteria such as water-holding capacity, curing-cooking yield and meat tenderness. Although histology and biochemical composition of the muscle are not affected by the selection, our results suggest an unfavorable relationship between low muscle energy reserve and the incidence of structural defects such as white striping. On the contrary, no negative association between ultimate pH and production traits (body weight, meat yield and feed conversion ratio) was observed.
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Perceptions of rural consumers and the quality of mutton at purchase points in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Rani, Zikhona Theodora January 2012 (has links)
The objective of the study was to determine perceptions of rural consumers on mutton quality, and the quality of mutton at purchase points in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The study was conducted in five different municipalities (Buffalo City, Nkonkobe, Ngqushwa, Lukhanje and Amahlathi). A survey was conducted where a sample of 215 consumers were randomly selected and interviewed, either at point of purchase or as they left the shops. The survey was not limited to the shoppers only but also extended to households from the villages. Questions on some of the most important meat quality cues were compiled. The physico-chemical quality of mutton purchased from different shops was also determined. Forty different shops and butcheries selling mutton from all the selected municipalities were visited. Different parts of mutton samples were bought. Physico-chemical qualities of mutton such as colour (L* - lightness, b* - redness and a* - yellowness) and meat pH measurements were taken at points of purchase. Cooking loss and tenderness evaluations were later done at the Meat Science laboratory at the University of Fort Hare. The results indicated that price was one of the major factors affecting the purchasing decisions of consumers. Thirty four percent of the consumers preferred mutton as compared to other protein sources, even though they were not buying this type of meat because it was not affordable to them. Both male and female consumers suggested that more sheep farmers need to be established in order to reduce the levels of imported mutton into South Africa. They also highlighted that selection programmes that will result in efficient sheep production and reduced mutton prices need to be implemented. Meat at points of purchase was affected by season resulting in lower lightness (L*24.7±0.49) values in winter and higher (L* 32.2±0.49) in Spring. The class of shop did not have an effect on meat quality attributes. Trotter had high values of lightness (L*30.4±2.78a), redness (a*30.4±2.78a), yellowness (13.1±1.08a), pH (6.3±0.12a), tenderness (24.9±3.69b) and cooking loss (39.5±4.38ab). The number of days from when the meat was put on the shelves to the time when it was purchased for consumption (days to purchase) had a significant (P<0.05) negative correlation with the Warner Braztler Shear Force (WBSF)values and lightness of the meat. Significant negative (P < 0.05) correlations between pH and colour of the meat (L*, a* and b*) were also observed. It was concluded that rural consumers perceive the quality of mutton as the best and that the physico-chemical quality of meat purchased from different shops was different, largely based on the part of meat, meat storage conditions and not necessarily on the class of the shop.

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