Orientador: Hirasilva Borba / Banca: Rafael Silvio Bonilha Pinheiro / Banca: Marco Antônio Trindade / Banca: Pedro Alves de Sousa / Banca: Eric Van Cleef / Resumo: O trabalho foi desenvolvido na Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, SP e no Laboratório de Produtos de Origem Animal, pertencente a FCAV/Unesp, Campus de Jaboticabal, SP. Foram utilizados 96 bovinos (machos castrados e fêmeas) de nove grupos genéticos provenientes do acasalamento de vacas: Nelore, ½ Angus + ½ Nelore e ½ Senepol + ½ Nelore com touros das raças Canchim, Bonsmara e Brangus. Os animais foram terminados em confinamento em baias individuais recebendo uma dieta com 13,1% de proteína bruta e 71,0% de nutrientes digestíveis totais, até atingirem o peso de abate de 17@ para os machos e 16@ para as fêmeas, o consumo foi monitorado diariamente através do peso das sobras. O abate foi realizado em frigorífico comercial seguindo a rotina de abate do mesmo. Após o rigor mortis foram realizadas as determinações das características de carcaça e coleta de amostras dos músculos longíssimus dorsi (entre a 12ª e 13ª costelas) e tríceps brachii para a realização das análises. As amostras foram submetidas a diferentes períodos de maturação (0, 7 e 14 dias). Após o período de maturação determinado para cada tratamento foram realizadas as análises de cor, pH, capacidade de retenção de água, perda de peso por cozimento, força de cisalhamento, colágeno, índice de fragmentação miofibrilar e perfil de ácidos graxos. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com arranjo fatorial 9 x 2 (9 cruzamentos x 2 sexos) para os dados desempenho e qualidade da carcaça e 9 x 2 x 3 (9 cruzamentos x 2 sexos x 3 períodos de maturação) para os dados de qualidade para os cortes cárneos separadamente. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey com 5% de significância utilizando o programa estatístico SAS (2002) / Abstract: The work were developed in Embrapa Southeast Livestock, São Carlos, SP, and Laboratory of Animal Products, belonging FCAV/Unesp, Campus de Jaboticabal, SP. were used 96 cattle (steers and heifers) of nine genetic groups from the mating of cows : Nelore, ½ Angus + ½ Nelore e ½ Senepol + ½ Nelore with bulls of breeds Canchim, Bonsmara e Brangus. The animals were finished in confinement in individual stalls receiving a diet with 13,1% crude protein and 71,0% total digestible nutrients, until they reach slaughter weight of 17 @ for steers and 16@ for heifers, the consumption were monitored daily by weighing the leftovers. The slaughter was take place in commercial abattoir following the routine slaughter of the same. After rigor mortis were analyzed on carcass traits, and samples of longíssimus dorsi (between 12th and 13th ribs) and triceps brachii was be collected for analysis during. The samples were subjected to different maturation periods (0, 7 and 14 days). After the maturation period determined for each treatment were carried out analysis color, pH, water holding capacity, weight loss by cooking, shear force, collagen, myofibril fragmentation index and fatty acid profile. The experimental design was completely randomized with factorial 9 x 2 (9 crossings x 2 genders) to the data performance and carcass quality and 9 x 2 x 3 (9 crossings x 2 genders x 3 periods of maturation) for data quality for meat cuts separately. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey test at 5% significance using the SAS (2002) / Doutor

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Several studies were designed to investigate effect of cold winter transportation on broiler meat quality and physiological parameters. The first study assessed the effect of microclimate environment during winter transportation (-27 to +11ºC) from farm to the processing plant (3-4 h) on core body temperature (CBT) and breast meat quality parameters of 522 broiler chickens using an actively ventilated transport vehicle. Temperatures below freezing during transportation resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) higher ultimate pH (pHu) and darker color breast meat, which led to 8% incidence of dark, firm and dry (DFD) breast meat (pH > 6.1; L*< 46).<p> The effects of extreme cold conditions (-18 to -4ºC) along with age (5 and 6 wk), gender and lairage (0 and 2 h) on physiology parameters, breast muscle metabolites and meat quality of 360 birds using a simulated transport system were investigated. Five and 6 wk birds exposed to temperatures below -8 and -14ºC, respectively, showed significantly (P < 0.05) lower CBT and blood glucose and higher live shrink with breast meat that was darker in color, higher in pHu, water holding and water binding capacity compared to breast meat of birds exposed to warmer temperatures. A high incidence of DFD breast meat (> 50%) was observed for 5 and 6 wk birds exposed to temperatures below -8 and -14ºC respectively. Lairage following acute cold exposure caused an increase of up to 20% in DFD breast meat following exposure of the birds to temperatures below -8ºC.<p> Characteristics of cold-induced DFD breast meat were investigated in broiler chickens. DFD breast meat was significantly darker, redder, and less yellow in color and had higher pH, water binding capacity, processing cook yield and lower thaw and cook loss compared to normal meat. However, no significant difference in initial energy reserves was observed between DFD and normal breast meat.<p> Effect of extreme cold-stress (-15 to -9ºC) was further assessed on thigh meat quality and incidence of DFD from 160 male broilers. A greater impact of cold stress was observed on muscle metabolites and pH of thigh compared to breast meat, with 85% DFD incidence in thigh compared to 42% in breast meat of cold-stressed birds.<p> Biochemical basis of cold-induced DFD breast and thigh meat was investigated by measuring muscle metabolites at different times post-mortem. Lack of energy reserves at slaughter clearly explained the incidence of DFD thigh meat, but other factors might contribute to DFD breast meat aside from glycogen reserve at slaughter. However, the factors leading to DFD breast meat still remain unresolved and association of post-mortem enzyme activity and development of DFD breast meat merits further investigation.

Several studies were designed to investigate effect of cold winter transportation on broiler meat quality and physiological parameters. The first study assessed the effect of microclimate environment during winter transportation (-27 to +11ºC) from farm to the processing plant (3-4 h) on core body temperature (CBT) and breast meat quality parameters of 522 broiler chickens using an actively ventilated transport vehicle. Temperatures below freezing during transportation resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) higher ultimate pH (pHu) and darker color breast meat, which led to 8% incidence of dark, firm and dry (DFD) breast meat (pH > 6.1; L*< 46).<p> The effects of extreme cold conditions (-18 to -4ºC) along with age (5 and 6 wk), gender and lairage (0 and 2 h) on physiology parameters, breast muscle metabolites and meat quality of 360 birds using a simulated transport system were investigated. Five and 6 wk birds exposed to temperatures below -8 and -14ºC, respectively, showed significantly (P < 0.05) lower CBT and blood glucose and higher live shrink with breast meat that was darker in color, higher in pHu, water holding and water binding capacity compared to breast meat of birds exposed to warmer temperatures. A high incidence of DFD breast meat (> 50%) was observed for 5 and 6 wk birds exposed to temperatures below -8 and -14ºC respectively. Lairage following acute cold exposure caused an increase of up to 20% in DFD breast meat following exposure of the birds to temperatures below -8ºC.<p> Characteristics of cold-induced DFD breast meat were investigated in broiler chickens. DFD breast meat was significantly darker, redder, and less yellow in color and had higher pH, water binding capacity, processing cook yield and lower thaw and cook loss compared to normal meat. However, no significant difference in initial energy reserves was observed between DFD and normal breast meat.<p> Effect of extreme cold-stress (-15 to -9ºC) was further assessed on thigh meat quality and incidence of DFD from 160 male broilers. A greater impact of cold stress was observed on muscle metabolites and pH of thigh compared to breast meat, with 85% DFD incidence in thigh compared to 42% in breast meat of cold-stressed birds.<p> Biochemical basis of cold-induced DFD breast and thigh meat was investigated by measuring muscle metabolites at different times post-mortem. Lack of energy reserves at slaughter clearly explained the incidence of DFD thigh meat, but other factors might contribute to DFD breast meat aside from glycogen reserve at slaughter. However, the factors leading to DFD breast meat still remain unresolved and association of post-mortem enzyme activity and development of DFD breast meat merits further investigation.

Consumers’ demands for ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are at all-time high. Algae, a common source of PUFAs, and antioxidants are both used as supplements in livestock feeds, are known to affect the overall quality of meat. To implement PUFA deposits into broiler meat, this study evaluated combining antioxidants and algae in broiler feed to enhance the breast meat quality. Broilers were fed diets supplemented with 50 IU Vitamin E or 200 g/ton EconomasE (EcoE, an antioxidant pack) plus 10 IU Vitamin E, with or without 0.5% algae extract (SP-1). The feed oil was partially oxidized soybean oil (POV: 86 mEq of O2/kg). The feed supplementation with combined SP-1 and EcoE increased meat lipid oxidation but had no effect on protein. This combination supplement substantially reduced (P < 0.05) meat exudation during refrigerated storage while no evident differences were seen on cooking loss or tenderness between diets. Meat from SP-1 supplemented diets was found less acceptable than meat from other diets due to detected off-flavors. The results indicate that EcoE at a supplementation level other than 200 g/ton may be required to overcome off-flavors of broiler meat due to feed incorporation of 0.5% SP-1 with oxidized oil.

Pharmacological levels of inorganic forms of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are frequently used in diets for pigs to improve performance and control post-weaning colibacillosis. However, the use of such forms and levels causes mineral accumulation in the soil, and is a non-sustainable practice from an environmental perspective. Alternatively, organic complexes of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) have been proposed to be more available to pigs, and when included at lower levels than inorganic sources of these minerals have significantly reduced mineral excretion in faeces without compromising performance. However the effect of these organic minerals fed simultaneously at low levels of inclusion has not been well studied. The general hypothesis tested in this thesis was that concentrations of Cu and Zn in faecal material would be reduced when fed in an organic (Bioplex®) form without compromising performance or mineral homeostasis in growing/finishing pigs, in comparison to Cu and Zn fed in an inorganic (sulphate) form. Two experiments were performed to test this hypothesis: Experiment 1 was designed as a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments, with two mineral forms (Bioplex® and Sulphate) and two inclusion levels (High and Low). The “low” levels aimed at providing 80 mg/kg of dietary Cu and Zn, and the “high” levels aimed at providing 160 mg/kg of dietary Cu and Zn. Experiment 2 was designed as a 3x2 factorial arrangement of treatments, with two mineral forms (Bioplex® and Sulphate) and three inclusion levels (Low, Medium and High). The “low” levels aimed at providing 25 mg/kg of Cu and 40 mg/kg of Zn, the “medium” levels aimed at providing 80 mg/kg of both Cu and Zn, and the “high” levels aimed at providing 160 mg/kg of both Cu and Zn in the diet. Unfortunately the Medium sulphate grower diet was contaminated with excess Zn while manufacturing, which led to the exclusion of this treatment from the study. In Experiment 1, pigs fed LB (Low Bioplex®) or HS (High Sulphate) diets grew faster (P=0.014) and their carcasses were 3.5 kg heavier (P=0.020) than LS (Low Sulphate)- or HB (High Bioplex®)-fed pigs. Pigs fed LB or HS diets had lower (P=0.001) levels of Zn in plasma, a higher (P=0.029) concentration of Zn in the pancreas and a lower (P=0.020) concentration of Zn in bone than pigs fed LS or HB diets. The concentration of Cu in liver increased (P=0.017) with the concentration in the diet as did Cu and Zn levels in faeces (P<0.001) without any difference between mineral forms. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) tended to be improved (P=0.062) by the inclusion of Bioplex® in the diet. The inclusion of Bioplex® reduced (P=0.003) subcutaneous fat depth at the P2 site by 2.2 mm compared to the sulphate. In Experiment 2, there was no difference (P>0.05) in growth rate between experimental diets, but again there was an overall improvement (P=0.012) in FCR when Bioplex® were included. Blood and tissue Cu and Zn concentrations were within normal physiological ranges in all treatments, supporting a reduction of Cu and Zn levels in the diet. Only Zn level in plasma during the growing phase and Cu and Zn concentration in tissues increased (P<0.001) with the addition in the diet. None of the biomarkers of Cu or Zn status analysed in the pigs showed any difference between the inorganic and the Bioplex® forms. Copper and Zn concentrations in faecal material decreased (P<0.001) with their inclusion in the diet, and only in the finishing collection there was a further decrease of 10% in Zn faecal concentration when Bioplex® was included instead of the sulphate at similar low levels. Carcass and meat quality measures were independent of the Cu and Zn form or level, however a higher proportion of carcasses from LB-fed pigs had <14 mm subcutaneous fat depth at the P2 site. The inclusion of Bioplex® failed to have a significant effect on Cu excretion and its inclusion had an inconsistent effect on Zn excretion. The overall findings from this thesis partially supported the hypothesis that the inclusion of Bioplex® would reduce the concentration of Cu and Zn in faeces compared to the inclusion of inorganic forms at similar inclusion levels. Nevertheless, total Cu and Zn levels in growing/finishing pig diets could be reduced from 160 mg/kg of both Cu and Zn to 30 mg/kg Cu and 60 mg/kg Zn, in either the sulphate or the Bioplex® form, without negatively affecting performance or mineral homeostasis in the pigs and significantly reducing Cu and Zn excretion (between 50 and 80%). The advantage of including Bioplex® instead of sulphates was in the improvement in FCR. Carcass and meat quality were independent of the form and level of dietary Cu and Zn.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-01-20Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:01:05Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000739888.pdf: 1116160 bytes, checksum: c718704bfe4fb8ce7fb8f6d84a45877a (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos dos diferentes tempos de maturação sobre as características de qualidade da carne bubalina, com o propósito de sugerir o ponto ideal da mesma para as características de cor e maciez da carne de búfalos jovens terminados em confinamento. Amostras do músculo Longissimus foram coletadas de 10 animais com idades entre 20 – 24 meses de idade às 24 horas post mortem. As amostras foram transportadas ao laboratório, para a realização primeiramente da área de olho de lombo (AOL), espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGS) e marmorização. Em seguida foram submetidas por 0, 7, 14 e 21 dias de maturação até o momento das análises de composição centesimal, colesterol, perfil de ácidos graxos, análise microbiológica, pH, perdas de peso por cocção, força de cisalhamento, cor da carne e da gordura e análise sensorial. De acordo com os dados, observou-se que a carcaça de bubalinos jovens da raça Murrah provenientes de rebanho leiteiro apresentou baixo rendimento de carcaça, alta EGS, menor desenvolvimento muscular justificado pela AOL e leve quantidade de marmorização. A maturação da carne dessa espécie afetou significativamente o teor de cinzas, o pH e o teor de vermelho da carne (P<0,05), porém para esses parâmetros, as modificações encontradas em um determinado período de maturação não se mantiveram até os 21 dias. A maturação alterou o perfil do ácido graxo Linoléico (P<0,05), por outro lado, não influenciou nas concentrações de colesterol, nas perdas de peso por cocção e no crescimento bacteriano (P>0,05), porém foi evidenciada uma maior contaminação inicial durante os procedimentos higiênicos adotados ao longo das etapas de manipulação do produto. A maturação melhorou a maciez das carnes de bubalinos a partir dos 20,43 dias por reduzir significativamente a força de cisalhamento, sendo ainda evidenciada essa melhora na maciez pela análise sensorial, no entanto modificou a cor da carne, a qual sofreu alterações muito evidentes ao olho humano, e da gordura que se apresentou com menor luminosidade (L*) e com maior intensidade de vermelho (a*) e amarelo (b*) (P<0,05) ao longo do período de maturação. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a maturação da carne de bubalinos não interfere na qualidade microbiológica, na concentração de colesterol e na composição centesimal, exceto para os teores de cinzas, porém influencia no perfil do ácido graxo Linoléico, na maciez e na cor da carne e da gordura. Além disso, escolha do tempo de maturação mais adequado para carnes de bubalinos depende do atributo a ser valorizado. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different ageing times on the quality of buffalo meat, in order to suggest the ideal spot for the same color characteristics and beef tenderness of young buffalo feedlot finished. Longissimus muscle samples were collected from 10 animals aged 20-24 months old at 24 hours post mortem. Samples were transported to the laboratory for the realization of the first rib eye area (REA), fat thickness (SFT) and marbling. Then were submitted by 0, 7, 14 and 21 days of ripening yet analyzes of proximate composition, cholesterol, fatty acid profile, microbiological analysis, pH, weight losses by cooking, shear force, meat color and fat and sensory analysis. According to the data, it was observed that the carcass of young Murrah buffaloes from a dairy herd had low income housing, high EGS, less muscle development and justified by AOL slightest amount of marbling. The ageing of the meat of this species significantly affected the ash content, pH and red meat (P<0.05), but for these parameters, the changes found in a certain period of ageing were not maintained until 21 days. Ageing altered the profile of the fatty acid linoleic (P< 0.05), on the other hand, did not influence the concentrations of cholesterol in weight loss by cooking and bacterial growth (P>0.05), but there was evidence of higher initial contamination during the hygienic procedures adopted throughout the stages of product handling. The ageing improved the smoothness of buffalo meat from 20.43 days to significantly reduce shear force and is still evident that improvement in softness by sensory analysis, however changed the color of the meat, which suffered very obvious changes to human, and the fat that presented with lower lightness (L*) and more redness (a*) and yellow (b*) (P< 0.05) over the period of ageing eye. Thus, it is concluded that ageing of buffalo meat does not interfere with the microbiological quality, the concentration of cholesterol and the chemical composition, except for the ash content, but influences the fatty acid Linoleic profile, softness and color meat and fat. Also, choose the most suitable ageing time of buffalo for meat depends on the attribute to be valued. / FAPESP: 12/09733-8

Orientador: Flávio Dutra de Resende / Banca: Saulo da Luz e Silva / Banca: Hirasilva Borba / Resumo: Objetivou-se, com o presente estudo, avaliar o efeito do tempo (dias - 0, 21, 42, 63) de suplementação de alto consumo (2% do peso corporal), so-bre o desempenho e características da carcaça e qualidade da carne de vacas de descarte da raça Nelore mantidas em pastejo contínuo em Brachiaria bri-zantha cv. Marandu, durante a estação seca. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados (DBC), sendo os animais blocados de acordo com o peso inicial, com quatro tratamentos (dias de suplementação) e cinco repetições (piquetes), sendo três animais por piquete (unidade experimental). Não houve efeito do tempo no consumo de suplemento. O ganho médio diário (GMD) e ganho mé-dio diário em carcaça (GMDCar) se adequaram ao modelo quadrático, tendo o seu ponto máximo aos 42 dias de suplementação com 1,61 e 0,96 kg/dia, res-pectivamente. O peso corporal sem jejum (PSJ) e com jejum (PCJ) apresenta-ram efeito linear com o aumento nos dias de suplementação (P<0.01). Da mesma forma, peso de carcaça quente (PCQ) e fria (PCF) e rendimento de carcaça quente (RCQ) e fria (RCF). As variáveis de comprimento de carcaça (CCar), profundidade de carcaça (PCar) e tamanho de coxão (TCoxão) não foram verificados efeitos da suplementação. Perímetro de coxão (PCoxão), área de olho de lombo (AOL) e espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGS) res-ponderam linearmente ao incremento nos dias de suplementação. Os órgãos (fígado, coração, rins, baço, intestinos delgado e grosso), denominados de componentes não carcaça (CnC), b... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of time (days - 0, 21, 42, 63) on high intake supplementation (2% of body weight) on the performance and carcass traits and meat quality of Nellore cull cows in continuous grazing of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, during the dry season. The experimental de-sign was performed in randomized blocks (DBC), with the animals blocked ac-cording to the initial weight, with four treatments (days of supplementation) and five repetitions (paddocks), using three animals per paddock (experimental unit). There was no time effect in supplement intake. The average daily gain (ADG) and the average daily gain in carcass (ADGC) were adjusted to the quadratic model, with the maximum peak at 42 days of supplementation at 1.61 and 0.96 kg/day, respectively. Body weight without fasting (BWW) and fasting (BWF) presented a linear effect with the increase in days of supplementation (P <0.01), as well the warm carcass weight (WCW) and cold (CCW) and the warm carcass yield (WCY) and cold (CCY). For the variables of carcass length (CL), carcass depth (CD) and size of round (SR), no effects of supplementation were observed. Round perimeter (PRound), longissimus muscle area (LMA) and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) responded linearly to the increase of days of supplementation. The organs (liver, heart, kidneys, spleen, small and large in-testines), denominated non-carcass components (NCC), as well the inguinal pelvic renal fat (IPRF), NCC summation and average daily gain of non-carcass components (ADGNCC) increased linearly over the days of supplementation. The increase in animals' body weight and carcass resulted in higher weights of primary cuts, special rear, front and needle tip (PA), also expressing a linear behavior. The increase in th... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Telma Teresinha Berchielli / Coorientador: Bruno Ramalho Vieira / Banca: Angélica Simone Cravo Pereira / Banca: Giovani Fiorentini / Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão de grão de soja moído com alto ou baixo nível de amido no consumo, digestibilidade, desempenho, emissão de metano entérico, características de carcaça e qualidade da carne na terminação de tourinhos Nelore confinados (n=28, peso inicial = 395+32 kg, idade = 20+3 meses). As dietas consistiam de nível de amido, alto amido (AA) ou baixo amido (BA) com grão de soja (CGS) ou sem grão de soja (SGS). O volumoso utilizado foi a silagem de milho e a relação volumoso:concentrado nas dietas experimentais foi de 40:60. Os animais foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, num esquema fatorial 2x2 (AA ou BA; CGS ou SGS), totalizando quatro tratamentos com sete repetições por tratamento. Os dados foram analisados e submetidos à análise de variância com comparação de médias pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Após 140 dias de alimentação os animais foram abatidos em frigorífico comercial com média de 590±34 kg. Os animais que receberam CGS tiveram uma redução média de 11% do consumo de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta e nutrientes digestíveis totais (P<0,05). Houve interação significativa entre amido e grão de soja sobre o consumo de fibra em detergente neutro (P=0,0191), sendo o menor consumo para os animais que receberam AA CGS. A adição de CGS causou efeito na digestibilidade, reduzindo em 3% a digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (P=0,0282) e em 2,8% da matéria orgânica (P=0,0348). Ocorreu interação significativa entre amido e grão de soja sobre a digestibilidade aparente do extrato etéreo (P=0,0245) e da fibra em detergente neutro (P=0,0497), sendo a menor digestibilidade de extrato etéreo (75,0%) e fibra detergente neutro (43,1%) para AA CGS. Os animais que receberam CGS tiveram um aumento na eficiência alimentar em 17% (P=0,0076). Não houve efeitos significativos (P>0,05) dos tratamentos no ganho médio... / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of ground soybean with high or low level of starch in the intake, digestibility, performance, enteric methane emissions and meat quality from young bulls Nellore finished in feedlot (n = 28, initial weight = 395 + 32 kg, age = 20 + 3 months). The diets consisted of starch level, high starch (AA) or low starch (BA), with soybean (CGS) or without soybean (SGS). The roughage used was corn silage and forage: concentrate ratio in the experimental diets was 40:60. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2x2 factorial (AA or BA; CGS or SGS), totaling four treatments with seven replicates. Data were analyzed and subjected to analysis of variance with comparison of means by Tukey test at 5% probability. After 140 days of feeding the animals were slaughtered in commercial abattoir averaging 590 ± 34 kg. Animals receiving CGS had a mean reduction of 11% of intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrients (P<0.05). There was a significant interaction between starch and soybean on fiber intake neutral detergent (P=0.0191), with the lowest intake for animals that received AA CGS. The addition of CGS decrease by 3% the apparent digestibility of dry matter (P=0.0282) and 2.8% of organic matter (P=0.0348). There was a significant interaction between starch and soybean on the apparent digestibility of ether extract (P=0.0245) and neutral detergent fiber (P=0.0497), with the decrease ether extract digestibility (75.05%) and neutral detergent fiber (43.19%) in AA CGS. Animals receiving CGS had an increase in feed efficiency by 17% (P=0.0076). There were no significant (P>0.05) treatments in average daily gain (average 1.38 kg), carcass yield (58.42%), gain in carcass (1.04 kg / day), area rib eye (85.60 cm2) and fat thickness (6.46 mm). Animals receiving CGS had 28% reduction of the emission of enteric methane g.dia-1 (P<0.0001). There ... / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-01T17:55:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-06-29. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-04-01T18:01:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000860167.pdf: 1005143 bytes, checksum: fe0acd014eb00a704ddc344d6eea68ba (MD5) / Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão de grão de soja moído com alto ou baixo nível de amido no consumo, digestibilidade, desempenho, emissão de metano entérico, características de carcaça e qualidade da carne na terminação de tourinhos Nelore confinados (n=28, peso inicial = 395+32 kg, idade = 20+3 meses). As dietas consistiam de nível de amido, alto amido (AA) ou baixo amido (BA) com grão de soja (CGS) ou sem grão de soja (SGS). O volumoso utilizado foi a silagem de milho e a relação volumoso:concentrado nas dietas experimentais foi de 40:60. Os animais foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, num esquema fatorial 2x2 (AA ou BA; CGS ou SGS), totalizando quatro tratamentos com sete repetições por tratamento. Os dados foram analisados e submetidos à análise de variância com comparação de médias pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Após 140 dias de alimentação os animais foram abatidos em frigorífico comercial com média de 590±34 kg. Os animais que receberam CGS tiveram uma redução média de 11% do consumo de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta e nutrientes digestíveis totais (P<0,05). Houve interação significativa entre amido e grão de soja sobre o consumo de fibra em detergente neutro (P=0,0191), sendo o menor consumo para os animais que receberam AA CGS. A adição de CGS causou efeito na digestibilidade, reduzindo em 3% a digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (P=0,0282) e em 2,8% da matéria orgânica (P=0,0348). Ocorreu interação significativa entre amido e grão de soja sobre a digestibilidade aparente do extrato etéreo (P=0,0245) e da fibra em detergente neutro (P=0,0497), sendo a menor digestibilidade de extrato etéreo (75,0%) e fibra detergente neutro (43,1%) para AA CGS. Os animais que receberam CGS tiveram um aumento na eficiência alimentar em 17% (P=0,0076). Não houve efeitos significativos (P>0,05) dos tratamentos no ganho médio... / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of ground soybean with high or low level of starch in the intake, digestibility, performance, enteric methane emissions and meat quality from young bulls Nellore finished in feedlot (n = 28, initial weight = 395 + 32 kg, age = 20 + 3 months). The diets consisted of starch level, high starch (AA) or low starch (BA), with soybean (CGS) or without soybean (SGS). The roughage used was corn silage and forage: concentrate ratio in the experimental diets was 40:60. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2x2 factorial (AA or BA; CGS or SGS), totaling four treatments with seven replicates. Data were analyzed and subjected to analysis of variance with comparison of means by Tukey test at 5% probability. After 140 days of feeding the animals were slaughtered in commercial abattoir averaging 590 ± 34 kg. Animals receiving CGS had a mean reduction of 11% of intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrients (P<0.05). There was a significant interaction between starch and soybean on fiber intake neutral detergent (P=0.0191), with the lowest intake for animals that received AA CGS. The addition of CGS decrease by 3% the apparent digestibility of dry matter (P=0.0282) and 2.8% of organic matter (P=0.0348). There was a significant interaction between starch and soybean on the apparent digestibility of ether extract (P=0.0245) and neutral detergent fiber (P=0.0497), with the decrease ether extract digestibility (75.05%) and neutral detergent fiber (43.19%) in AA CGS. Animals receiving CGS had an increase in feed efficiency by 17% (P=0.0076). There were no significant (P>0.05) treatments in average daily gain (average 1.38 kg), carcass yield (58.42%), gain in carcass (1.04 kg / day), area rib eye (85.60 cm2) and fat thickness (6.46 mm). Animals receiving CGS had 28% reduction of the emission of enteric methane g.dia-1 (P<0.0001). There ...