The problems under study were the following: 1. To determine the distribution of social and ethnic groups among the characters in books that have been awarded the Newbery and Caldecott Medals, and to analyze the treatment of certain groups. 2. To compare the ethnic distribution of characters in fifteen early Newbery Award books with the ethnic distribution of characters in fifteen recent Newbery Award books. 3. To interpret the findings of this study in the light of the objectives of the elementary school library.

Medaljen har sitt ursprung i det medeltida Italien och kom till Sverige först på 1500-talet. Den har som uppgift att förmedla ett budskap i form av att minna om en speciell person eller händelse. På medaljerna förekommer en hel del symboler och tecken. Dessa symboler är avsedda att stå för en speciell uppfattning, eller att förmedla en gärning, något den personen medaljen är slagen över gjorde sig känd för under sin levnad. Syftet med detta arbete är att försöka få klarhet i hur man skall kunna tolka en medalj och dess text. Kan symboliken på medaljerna tydas på något vis, och har olika medaljgravörer någon speciell stil man kan känna igen denne på? Finns det varierande stilar från olika epoker, eller är någon stil mer gångbar eller mer banbrytande än andra? Finns det en koppling till åtsida och frånsida, och kan man skönja ett mer dolt budskap vid tolkningen?

Commonly practiced in school settings, bibliotherapy promotes healing and problem solving. In schools, bibliotherapy should be utilized to educate and empower students and to enhance the classroom experience. In order to achieve this purpose, teachers need a variety of books to specifically target students' unique needs. Award-winning books, such as those receiving the prestigious Newbery Medal, are important resources for teachers. This study examined the portrayal of characters with disabilities in 249 Newbery Medal and Honor books published between 1922 and 1974. From this sample, 20 books featured a combined total of 21 characters with a disability, as defined by the 13 disability categories (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, IDEA). The majority of characters were portrayed with orthopedic impairment (43%; n = 9). Other disabilities represented in this sample of books included visual impairment (19%; n = 4); emotional disturbance (14%; n = 3); mental retardation (9%; n = 2); speech or language impairment (5%; n = 1); multiple disabilities (5%; n = 1); and other health impairment (5%; n = 1). Overall, according to the language and customs of the time period that reflected the settings of the books, characters with disabilities were sensitively portrayed. However, when judged by today's standards, these portrayals were considered insensitive.

[pt] A simulação computacional tem sido utilizada como ferramenta para otimizar processos de cunhagem e suportar o desenvolvimento de novos produtos neste setor. Compreender as forças e tensões que ocorrem durante o processo possibilita atuar de forma eficaz nas características do projeto, visando a redução de defeitos no produto e/ou o prolongamento da vida útil das ferramentas. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a influência das características do relevo de uma medalha, no que se refere a sua geometria e altura, nas forças requeridas para a execução do processo e nas tensões geradas durante a cunhagem. Para isso, foi criado um modelo computacional 3D de uma medalha de cuproníquel, validado por meio de comparação com dados experimentais de cunhagem. Os resultados demonstram que a metodologia experimental aplicada e o modelo desenvolvido neste trabalho previram com sucesso o fluxo de material de acordo com a força de cunhagem aplicada. Simulações adicionais revelaram que a geometria e a altura dos relevos influenciam diretamente nas forças e tensões. Por exemplo, um relevo com geometria triangular exigiu 66 por cento mais força para ser delineado em comparação com um relevo circular com volume e profundidade equivalentes. Além disso, foi demonstrado que reduzir a altura do relevo em 20 por cento poderia levar a uma redução de 16 por cento na força. Discussões foram feitas a respeito da existência de Regiões Críticas de Cunhagem (RCC) na arte da medalha, caracterizadas por relevos altos e intricados. Essas regiões serão as últimas a serem delineadas e ditarão as forças requeridas e o patamar de tensões no produto. / [en] Computational simulation has become an essential tool for optimizing the minting process and supporting the development of new products in this industry. Understanding the forces and stresses that occur in the process enables effective control over the project s characteristics, in order to reduce product defects and/or prolong the lifespan of tools. This research aimed to investigate the influence of the relief features of a medal, specifically its geometry and height, on the coining forces required and the tensions generated during the coining. To achieve this goal, a 3D computational model of a copper-nickel medal was created and validated through a comparison with experimental data. The results demonstrate that the applied experimental methodology and the developed model successfully predicted the material flow according to the applied coining force. Additional simulations revealed that the geometry and height of the reliefs directly influence the forces and tensions. For example, a relief with a triangular geometry required 66 percent more force to be outlined compared to a circular relief with equivalent volume and depth. Furthermore, it was shown that reducing the relief height by 20 percent may lead to a 16 percent decrease in coining force. Discussions were held regarding the existence of Critical Coining Regions (CCR) in medal art, characterized by high and intricate reliefs. These regions will be the last to be outlined and will dictate the required forces and stress levels in the final product.

Education should provide the academic support to promote every child's potential. In my experience, schools often neglect the population of gifted students. One way to support any population is to provide books that include positive role models (Purves & Monson, 1984). Therefore, my study will attempt to answer the question: Are gifted students represented in children's literature? In particular, fictional Caldecott Medal books. The copyright dates range from 1938 to 2007. After creating a random sample of Caldccott Medal books, the selections were read and analyzed by the researcher for five specific traits of the gifted. As a means of analyzing these books, I created a schema to determine if the protagonists exemplified any of the gifted traits identified by prior research. My research revealed that out of 26 books, 14 characters were creative, 20 were intellectual, 6 were high achievers, 3 showed academic aptitude, and 4 were in the visual/performing arts. Next, the analysis revealed the protagonist characters were 17 males to 9 females; however, most surprising was the discovery that of all five characters identified as gifted, all were male and over the approximate age of eighteen. Certainly, the dominant educational implication from this study is the need for positive gifted role models that more equally represent both genders and that are school-age children.

During the Korean War the White House and the Army publicized the Medal of Honor to achieve three outcomes. First, they hoped it would have a positive influence on public opinion. Truman committed to limited goals at the start of the war and chose not to create an official propaganda agency, which led to partisan criticism and realistic reporting. Medal of Honor publicity celebrated individual actions removed from their wider context in a familiar, heroic mold to alter memory of the past. Second, the Army publicized the Medal of Honor internally to inspire and reinforce desired soldier behavior. Early reports indicated a serious lack of discipline on the front lines and the Army hoped to build psychological resilience in the men by exposing them to the heroic actions of other soldiers. Finally, the Cold War spawned a great fear of communist subterfuge in the United States, which was exacerbated by the brainwashing of prisoners of war. The White House and the Army reached out to marginalized elements of American society through the Medal of Honor to counter communist propaganda. The Korean War remains an understudied era of American history, yet it was incredibly important to the United States and the world. The war influenced the United States to maintain a large standing military prepositioned around the world to protect its interests. Achieving the status quo antebellum validated the containment strategy against communism, which heavily influenced the decision to intervene in Vietnam. The United Nations, ostensibly in charge of allied forces in the Korean War, gained credibility from preventing the loss of South Korea. Despite these important effects of the war on world history, scholars continue to focus on World War II and Vietnam. This study seeks to build on the relative dearth of scholarly material on the Korean War by examining in historical context the manipulation of a symbol that intersected both the military and the home-front to influence behavior.

Die Entstehung der russischen Medaillenkunst in der ersten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts ist eng verbunden mit dem Namen von Zar Peter I., dem die Geschichte den Beinamen „der Große“ verlieh. Über das Interesse des Monarchen an diesem neuen Medium und seinen Produktionstechniken berichten nicht nur zahlreiche private Notizen des Zaren. 1698 gründete Peter I. eine eigene nu-mismatische Sammlung nach westeuropäischem Vorbild, die beispielhaft für zahlreiche private Kollektionen in Russland war. Auch die Förde-rung der nationalen Garde der Medailleure und die Gründung von neuen Münzstätten trugen nachhaltig zur Entwicklung der russischen Me-daillenkunst bei.

Jesse Owens was the star of the Berlin Olympics in 1936. His four gold medals in Hitler's Germany, as an African American, had far reaching implications back in the United States. Despite segregation and a social hierarchy that was an impasse to both black opportunity and achievement, Owens created a lasting legacy that drastically impacted race relations. The purpose of this thesis was to examine what the Olympic glory of Owens represented for society. Owens as an Olympian in 1936 manufactured a brand of social capital that tied people together in commonality—as Americans. As well, in both myth and deed, Owens has been traditionally credited with challenging Hitler's beliefs of Aryan Supremacy. Yet, Owens was also a race pioneer, as his athletic feats were read in newspapers all over the country, and as a result, helped shift the consciousness of Southerners who were historically ignorant of black achievement.

An abundance of research has been conducted about the importance of including books and literature as part of a young child's developmental process. Much of this research suggests that picture books are vital to a young child's healthy development and "are important influences that shape us by reflecting the politics and values of our society" (Fox, 1993, p. 656). This study was completed to analyze character roles and gender representation of male and female characters exclusively in children's picture books. The entire population of Caldecott Award and Honor Medal books published between 2001 and 2011 was utilized for a frequency analysis. Each Caldecott Award and Honor Medal book meeting this study's criteria was examined, read and analyzed. Books included only works of fiction and were delimited to exclude biographies, autobiographies, informational books, concept books and poetry. A total of 24 books were used in the data analysis. This research attempted to answer the following question: Are males and females equitably represented in recently published children's literature? From a content-analysis approach, within a historical perspective, this research aimed at examining if gender bias still dominates the literature, and if so, to what extent. The intellectual interest of this project is in discovering male and female presence and imagery in children's picture books.

The paper elaborates the history of "LOKOMOTIVA Nymburk" canoe sprint squad and is sectioned into:  between wars period  the war years 1938 - 1945  1945 - 1970  1970 - 2000  2000 - present The paper also elaborates a general origin of canoeing in Bohemia, brief 80-year history of the nearest competitor (and friend) - "Canoe Sprint Squad Poděbrady" and the history of dragon boats in Nymburk city. The history, the development and the present state of particular categories at "Lokomotiva Nymburk" and "Canoe Sprint Squad Poděbrady" is also elaborated. The categories are "scholar", "youth" and "junior". Keywords Canoe Sprint History Canoe Kayak Shipyard Races Championship Grand Prix Medal Ranking Season Training Camp DragonBoats