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The way we use interactive mobile technology everyday is changing the human cognitive landscape and how we are dealing with reality. In our daily life, SnT (Social-networking technology) has become something we cannot avoid using, as the need of being constantly updated and virtually connected to our social and working circle has prominently emerged. In this Interaction design thesis, I intend to explore the possible ways in which digital users, physical people in the first place, can prevent addictive loops of being constantly connected to such services and smartphones. Ethnographic research methods were performed along with iterative prototyping phases, leading to the development of speculative design interventions. Altering different responsiveness rates of a mobile user experience led me to design six bodystorming concepts and enact relative roleplay activities supposed to prevent SnT addiction and eventually help people being in control again of their spent digital time.

The rise of social media has led to an increase in social media use and social media addiction. Research has found that social media addiction is influenced by various factors, and this study looks to examine the relation between social media addiction and users' life satisfaction, personality type and age group; and whether the type of social media platform moderates this relationship. This study dispersed survey questionnaires and conducted an ANCOVA to analyze the results. Results found that life satisfaction and social media addiction are negatively related, but the negative relation is larger for Twitter users. Results also found a positive correlation between Extraversion and Twitter users, and a negative correlation between Extraversion and Non-Snapchat users. There was no relation found for non-Twitter users and Snapchat Users and Extraversion. Additionally, this study found that Neuroticism and social media addiction are positively related. However, this relation is stronger for Twitter users. Finally, this study found that younger generations report more social media addiction across social media platforms except Facebook and TikTok. Suggesting that there is no relation between social media addiction and one's generation for Facebook and TikTok users.

The concept of weakness of will, or Akrasia, relates to questions regarding the rationality of our choices. Philosophers such as Richard Holton and Alfred Mele have spearheaded the debate since the turn of the century, but quite recently arguments put forth by Nick Heather and Edmund Henden have catapulted the question into a subgenre between the medical, psychological, and philosophical fields. N. Heather argues that it can be useful to categorize addiction as a certain weakness of will meanwhile E. Henden argues against this point. In discussions around topics such as addiction and behavioral psychology, a natural part of the conversation surrounds questions regarding freedom of choice. What constitutes addiction and how does it begin? Do those who are addicted have free will, and in turn, can they be held accountable for their choices? These are some of the questions that materialize when delving into this topic that feasibly might get answered in this paper. However, a lot of the discussion regarding addiction seems to rely quite heavily on the clinical aspects of substance dependency, which can be counterproductive to the discussion as it diverges from philosophy into neurobiological medicine and clinical psychology. Furthermore, substance addictions tend to have a direct effect on habituation and motivation which bypasses certain cognitive systems. To avoid falling into these pitfalls, this paper sets out to examine a rising phenomenon through the same lens: Social Media Addiction (SMA). Since that would fall under behavioral disorder within the spectrum of addiction and therefore not have the same properties as a drug-induced addiction, this article aims to investigate if it exhibits the defining characteristics of akratic action and investigate if SMA fulfills these. In this paper, a comparison between SMA and regular addictions is made in order to identify the differences and similarities. There is a larger discussion around the topic of what acratic core action is and when it is applicable in the case of addiction but also recent arguments for and against classifying addiction as akrasia are presented. Finally, the findings suggest there are cases where addictions can be classified as a form of akrasia which has its own implications and interpretations that are brought up. Limitations of the discussion are brought up and further research is suggested.

Background:          Social Media are part of everyday life so much so that a new disorder has been observed. The disorder is Social Media Addiction and is still not officially acknowledged as a non-substance addiction by APA. There are a lot of studies that examine the symptoms and causes of Social Media Addiction. A relief to Social Media Addiction is taking a break for a period from them. There are a few studies that investigate the benefits of a Social Media Break but not the side effects of it in relation to Social Media Addiction. Purpose:                  The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between a Social Media Break and Social Media Addiction among Millennials in Sweden. This study aims to understand how Millennials in Sweden that are addicted to Social Media are affected by a Social Media break.  Method:                  The Bachelor Thesis uses Case Study as the methodology to discover how a Social Media Break affects a user that is addicted. The participants are Millennials that reside in Sweden and the Social Medium application is Facebook. Conclusion:             The findings from the Case Study show that there is a strong relationship between a Social Media Break and Social Media Addiction. The Millennials in this study expressed that Habit, Accessibility, Socializing and Fear of Missing Out were the reasons that made them return to their problematic Facebook relationship while taking a Break, or in other cases did not take a Break from Facebook.

Social games have become popular on social media such as Facebook and MySpace. While there are plenty of market reports regarding social media, the related academic research is limited. This study applies Homans’ cost‐reward structure from Social Exchange Theory to investigate how social games change people’s social behavior on social media. The concepts of rewards are drawn from the gratifications of social media use, and the concepts of costs are drawn form the symptoms of media addiction. In a survey of 323 college students, participants’ perceived rewards and costs of Facebook use and game play are measured. The results indicate social game players perceived significantly higher costs of Facebook use than non‐players. In addition, costs of Facebook use and costs of game play also play important roles to influence social game players’ willingness to play more social games. Discussion and limitations are provided. / text

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Sociala medier har förändrat männskors sätt att interagera, uttrycka sig och dela information. Det har integrerat sig som en naturlig del av många individers vardagar men trots alla fördelar som det medför, kommer det med en del problematiska aspekter. När någonting används frekvent på en massiv skala så kan det leda till ett beroendebeteende som sedan kan leda till ytterligare svårigheter. En av dessa svårigheter är att man utvecklar missanpassad emotionell reglering. Utifrån detta var studiens syfte att undersöka problematisk användning av sociala medier i relation till emotionell reglering. För att besvara syftet gjordes en enkätundersökning genom en webbenkät baserat på skalorna DERS-16 och BSMAS. Urvalet gjordes så att webbenkäten skickades ut på författarnas privata instagram, facebook och reddit sidor och deltagarna fick en vecka på sig att svara (n=50; 58% kvinnor & 42% män; M ålder = 35). För analys av resultatet utfördes två Pearson's korrelationskoefficient och ett oberoende t-test. Resultatet visade ett signifikant positivt samband mellan socialt medieberoende och emotionell reglering och samtliga fem dimensioner som uppgör emotionell reglering. Dessa fem dimensioner är klarhet, mål, strategier, icke acceptans, impuls. Antal timmar på sociala medier och socialt medieberoende hade ett signifikant positivt samband men det existerade inget signfikant samband mellan emotionell reglering och timmar på sociala medier. Det oberoende t-testet visade ingen signifikant skillnad i män och kvinnors emotionella reglering. Slutatsen är att det finns en stark relation mellan socialt medieberoende och emotionell reglering / Social media has changed people's way of interaction, self-expression and sharing of information. It has integrated itself into a natural part of many individual's daily lives. Although there are many benefits, social media can come with some problematic aspects. When something is frequently utilized on a mass scale, it has the possibility of leading to behavioral addictions that can lead to additional difficulties. One of the difficulties is developing maladaptive emotionel regulation. The purpose of this study was to examine problematic use of social media in relation to emotional regulation. To answer the purpose, a questionnaire webb-survey was developed based on the scales DERS-16 and BSMAS. The selection was done through sending out the webb-survey on the authors instagram, facebook and reddit pages. The participants had a week-long deadline to answer the survey (n=50; 58% females, 42%males; M age = 35). For analyzing the results, two Pearson's correlation coefficients and an independent samples t-test were done. The results showed positive correlations between social media addiction and emotional regulation and between social media addction and the 5 dimensions of emotional regulation; clarity, goals, strategies, non-acceptance, impulse. The number of hours on social media and social media addiction had a positive significant correlation but no significant correlation between emotional regulation and time on social media could be found. The independent samples t-test showed no significant difference between males and females in relation to emotional regulation. In conclusion there is a strong relationship between social meddia addiction and emotional regulation

Helicopter parenting has emerged as a prevalent phenomenon in families with adult children. Due to its developmentally inappropriate nature, helicopter parenting sometimes serves as a risk factor for children. In addition, culture and parents’ gender shape parenting and adult children’s outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to identify multidimensional constructs of helicopter parenting among college students and describe how latent classes of helicopter parenting of mothers and fathers are related to college students’ game and social media addictive behaviors in the United States and China. Using a three-step latent class approach, data from 1402 mother and young-adult child (MC) and 1225 father and young-adult child (FC) pairs in the United States and 527 MC and 426 FC pairs in China were analyzed. Four helicopter parenting latent classes (strong, strong but weak direct intervention, weak but strong academic management, and weak) were identified among MC and FC pairs in the United States, but three latent classes (strong, strong but weak direct intervention, and weak) were identified in China. In addition, college students whose parents were in the strong helicopter parenting class reported a higher level of game and social media addictive behaviors than those in weak and weak but strong academic management classes in the United States, but not in China. These findings indicate that helicopter parenting is multidimensional in nature in both American and Chinese families, but the impact of helicopter parenting on college students’ game and social media addictive behaviors differs between the two countries.

L’apparition de l’internet et sa propagation sur 38,8% de la population mondiale entre 1995 et 2013 indiquent que les nouveaux médias ont causé des changements significatifs dans les sociétés à travers le monde. Les caractéristiques du nouveau medium, telles que l’interactivité et la possibilité de son utilisation de n’importe quel lieu, à tout moment, pointent la possibilité élevée de développement de l’addiction par ses utilisateurs. Les données indiquent la hausse de l’utilisation générale des médias au cours des soixante dernières années. D’autre part, pendant cette même période a été notée la baisse de la participation politique, ensemble avec le déclin de la socialisation et de la participation active dans des organisations professionnelles. Les questions de recherche sont réparties en de grandes questions, relatives à l’examen sur les personnes qui sont plus sujettes à devenir dépendantes aux medias, à découvrir si les personnes sont plus dépendantes aux medias anciens ou nouveaux et à clarifier quelles sont les conséquences de la dépendance aux médias, y compris son impact sur la participation politique. Les ouvrages des penseurs classiques ont été examinés pour servir de fondement aux hypothèses, portant une attention particulière à l’anomie, l’aliénation et la société de masse. L’examen des ouvrages de la littérature contemporaine a été focalisé sur les notions de la structure sociale moderne, de l’avancée technologique, de la mondialisation, de la déception par la démocratie, du nouveau paysage médiatique et du narcissisme. L’hypothèse principale, résultat de l’examen des perspectives théoriques différentes, indique que les changements sociaux, telle que l’apparition de la production de masse et l’expansion des medias de masse, réduisent la possibilité d’expression et augmentent la manipulation de l’intérêt du profit. Cela peut être à l’origine des frustrations qui engendrent des sortes différentes de dépendance, qui remplacent les buts non réalisés, causant ainsi la baisse de la participation politique. Cette baisse permet aux “mauvaises personnes”, qui exercent mal les fonctions représentatives, de devenir des acteurs sociaux, ce qui peut, potentiellement, causer davantage de frustrations. La recherche a été conduite à l’aide d’un sondage représentatif, mis en œuvre en Serbie en 2011. Cette étude établit une nouvelle méthodologie de mesure de la dépendance par le biais d’un seul sondage; pour la première fois, elle distingue des personnes dépendantes aux médias par le niveau de leur dépendance et la longueur d’utilisation des médias comme indices objectifs, tandis qu’elle comprend aussi des indices subjectifs..... / Appearance of internet and its spread to 38.8% of world population from 1995 to 2013 indicate that new media bring significant changes to societies around the world. Features of new media such as interactivity and possibility to use it from anywhere anytime indicate internet may be highly addictive. Data point to increases in overall media use over the last 60 years. On the other hand, decreases in political participation are registered together with decline in socializing and active membership in professional organizations for the same period. Research questions are divided into large ones relating to examination of what kind of people are more susceptible to becoming media addicts, finding out if people are more addicted to old than to new media and inquiring into consequences of media addiction including its effects to political participation. Classical thinkers have been examined as basis for hypotheses with special attention directed towards anomie, alienation and mass society. Nowadays literature has been examined as well, focusing on modern social structure, advance of technology, globalization, disappointment with democracy, new media landscape and narcissism. Main presumption coming from examination of different theoretical perspectives is that social changes such as appearance of mass production and expansion of mass media decreased possibilities for expression and increased manipulation of profit interest. This may be causing appearance of frustrations leading towards different kinds of addictions as substitutions for unrealized goals, thus causing decrease in political participation. This decrease makes it possible for “wrong people” to become social agents as they perform representative functions in poor manner, which potentially causes more frustration.Research was conducted through nationally representative survey in Serbia during 2011. This study establishes new methodology to measure addiction to all media through a single survey; it divides media addicts according to level of their addiction and uses length of media use as objective indicator, for the first time, while it also includes subjective indicators.