Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur medial kritik påverkar affärsrelationer i en triadiskkontext. Detta undersöktes genom fyra fallstudier där ett matleveransföretag agerar somleverantör, en restaurang som köpare och en slutanvändare som konsument. Resultaten visaratt de undersökta affärsrelationerna uppvisar motståndskraft mot en yttre händelses påverkan.Ingen av de fyra fallstudierna har avslutat relationen på grund av den mediala kritiken, vilketinnebär att inga radikala förändringar har skett till följd av kritiken. Det har dock observeratsatt två restauranger har fått ett minskat förtroende för matleveransföretaget till följd av denmediala kritiken, vilket indikerar att en inkrementell förändring har skett. Studien föreslår attnär det finns ett resursutbyte mellan aktörerna visar detta på en hög motståndskraft gentemotförändringar till följd av medial kritik. Detta eftersom de fyra affärsrelationerna alla visade påett ömsesidigt beroende gentemot varandra som kvarstår även efter att den mediala kritikeninträffat.

Berättelsen "Handelsresande Bredners försvinnande" är ett mysterium som tar läsaren till 1920-talets Västergötland. Huvudkaraktären Jonna Sahlin får under ett besök på pensionat Morgonstund höra talas om en gäst, Georg Bredner, som försvann spårlöst år 1928. Tillsammans med sin familj börjar hon nysta i mysteriet för att ta reda på vad som hände Bredner den där varma sommardagen för länge sedan. Handlingen, som utspelar sig på den fiktiva platsen Björketorp på den västgötska landsbygden, är en kombination av mysrysare och pusseldeckare, med övernaturliga inslag. / "The disappearance of Georg Bredner" is a mystery that takes the reader back to 1928. During a lunch at a guesthouse, the main character Jonna Sahlin, gets to hear about a guest who disappeared without a trace. Together with her family she begins to unravel what happened to Bredner that warm summersday long ago. The action, that takes place in Björketorp, a fictional place in the westgothic countryside, is a combination of a thriller and a detective story.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第24527号 / 医博第4969号 / 新制||医||1065(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 黒田 知宏, 教授 大森 孝一, 教授 森本 尚樹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

In the present work we evaluated the degree of sexual dimorphism in two cell groups of the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamus (MPOA-AH) in monogamous and polygamous voles. Quantitative determinations were made of volume, cell number, and cell density for the anteroventral-periventriular nucleus (AVPV) and the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA). Polygamous montane voles (Microtus montanus) had a greater degree of sexual dimorphism in both cell groups than did monogamous prairie voles (M. ochrogaster). Most notable was the complete absence of the AVPV in male montane voles; male montane voles also had a significantly larger SDN-POA volume than did females. The only sexual dimorphism in prairie voles was a greater cell density in the female AVPV. In addition, prairie voles had larger relative brain size than did montane voles. Comparative behavioral studies have revealed a correlation between the degree of sexual dimorphism in external morphology and mating system, i.e., polygamous species display greater levels of dimorphism than do monogamous species. The present results indicate that the effects of sexual selection can also be seen in those brain regions, like the hypothalamus, that underlie social and reproductive behavior. Moreover, these results support the hypothesis that neuroanatomic dimorphisms in the MPOA-AH may be related to sex differences in behavior.

The identification of risk factors associated with overuse injuries, specifically Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS) and Tibial Stress Fractures (TSF), may help professionals with management and prevention of these injuries. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors associated with MTSS and TSF in female intercollegiate athletes. This study used a mulitifactorial, prospective design for 13-26 weeks. Thirty-nine Division I intercollegiate female student-athletes in volleyball, soccer, and track were examined. Anatomical, physiological (eating disorder and menstrual history), and training (duration and recovery time) characteristics were examined as possible risk factors. Only two injuries were reported during the study; therefore, analysis for risk factors was not possible. Descriptive statistics for the dependent variables were calculated, and comparisons across sport were performed. Differences in leg length values and dorsiflexion ROM were observed across sports. No conclusions could be drawn regarding possible risk factors for MTSS and TSF in this population.

Introduction: Foot over-pronation, attributable to Tibialis Posterior (TP) muscle weakness, is a possible cause of medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS)3. Taping may provide a viable alternative for a dysfunctional TP and its associated navicular drop (ND). The most commonly used Augmented LowDye (ALD) technique has shown to prevent ND, but is time- and cost- intensive, leading us to explore an alternative technique. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a new, anti-pronation (AP) taping technique, as compared to the ALD, to (a) reduce or prevent ND and (b) cause a lateral shift in the center of pressure (COP) measures. Methods: This is a 2 (tape techniques) by 3 (time: baseline, tape/pre-exercise, and tape/post-exercise) controlled laboratory study design. Twenty symptomatic (ND >/= 10 mm) college-age subjects were prepared with one of the 2 tape techniques and/or control and performed the ND test three times and walk across a pressure mat five times. Then the participants fatigued the tape by walking on a treadmill for 15 minutes at 3.0 mph at 0% grade and ND and pressure mat readings were recorded again. A within and within ANOVA allowed for the examination of between and within comparisons and a functional analysis (lateral shift as a function of time) on the mat-generated data were done p<.05. Results: Results revealed significant differences across times, and a times-by-tape technique interaction but differences between tape techniques were not significant. M and SD and indicate that while both taping techniques reduced ND, only the AP technique was significantly different (HSDTukey (3,76)=1.44, p<.01) for every comparison other than AP pre-exercise, the mean lateral shift for the treatment was not significantly different from the control across any part of the normalized stance phase, but was significantly lower than the control in the 30-90% interval in the AP pre-exercise. Discussion: The AP technique not only controlled ND but also resulted in an increase in lateral excursion of the COP line during that portion of the stance phase associated with the structures and functions of the TP. Both techniques can be appropriately used but that the AP can be used with more confidence in its effectiveness. The MatScan has allowed examination of forefoot pronation in the horizontal plane, not just the vertical plane, yielding a more holistic analysis of forefoot pronation. Being able to analyze data in a functional fashion (i.e., lateral shift as a function of time) could allow researchers greater insights to the complex relationships between biomechanical movement and appropriate interventions.

Introduction: The New Balance Core Low Cut Sock (New Balance Athletic Shoe, Inc. · Boston, MA United States) is one of many arch support socks out in the market. These socks have an elastic portion, called a Stability Fit Arch Support & Hold technology, which has been incorporated into the arch area of the sock. The company makes the following claim that the socks provide, "Gentle compression to support the arch, relieving arch-related pain and discomfort."1 If these socks do provide adequate arch support, then they would allow individuals the ability to have an inexpensive method of arch support that is easy to apply and use. The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of these socks in (a) navicular drop (b) static pressure insole pressure profiles and (c) dynamic (walking and running) pressure insole pressure profiles. Methods: Eighteen symptomatic, college age (age 18-26) subjects were used in this study (seven male, eleven female), with symptomatic being defined as a navicular drop greater than or equal to 10 mm. Measurements were collected for both the navicular drop, and F-Scan insole data, for both static and dynamic stance. For walking and running trials, heel strike and toe off were identified by the Tekscan System and COP excursion coordinates evaluated throughout the stance phase. The COP coordinates were exported then compared over the stance phase. A series of functional analyses was used to assess the between group differences. A paired t-test was used to assess the within group differences. Results: Results indicate that the arch support socks were not significantly different from the control (regular socks) along any part of the foot strike (95% confidence) in any of the conditions (standing, walking or running). Results from the paired t-test revealed no significant differences in navicular drop between sock types (p = .379). Discussion: This study found that the elastic band in the New Balance socks did not provide increased support to the medial arch of the foot compared to the control sock in either the navicular drop paired t-test or the functional analysis of the static and dynamic data. The authors could not find any other comparable study on these kinds of socks. Compared to other reports, using both orthotic inserts and tape, ND was reduced, unlike the results found in the present study. 2 Our data are inconsistent with the idea that increased elastic support to the midfoot by these socks provides significant arch support. The authors would suggest another form of arch support such as orthotics or taping to aid on arch support rather than these socks.

Jonna Sahlin är bosatt i Björketorp, en fiktiv plats på den västgötska landsbygden. Hon har mediala gåvor och det händer att hon stöter på andar av personer som inte lyckats att ta sig till ljuset, utan blivit kvar på jorden. I Den trefaldiga änkan möter hon Ingeborg Broms, en ande med ett väldigt mörkt förflutet. Med hjälp av familj och vänner går Jonna till botten med vad som hände under Ingeborgs livstid.      Parallellt med efterforskningarna får läsaren följa hur karaktärernas relationer utvecklas och fördjupas. Jonna väntar tvillingar med sambon Christer och kämpar med att få honom att dra ner på sitt jobbande. Samtidigt förbereder hon sig mentalt på att ta farväl av sin mormor, som befinner sig i det sista stadiet av Alzheimers sjukdom. / Jonna Sahlin lives in Björketorp, a fictional place in the Västergötland countryside. She has medial gifts and it happens that she encounters spirits that have not succeeded in reaching the light, but have remained on earth. In The threefold widow she encounters Ingeborg Broms, a spirit with a very dark past. With help from her family and friends, Jonna gets to the bottom of what happened during Ingeborg´s lifetime.      In parallell with the research , the reader gets to follow how the characters´ realtions develop and deepen. Jonna is expecting twins with her partner Christer and is struggling to get him to cut back on his work. At the same time she is mentally preparing to say farewell to her grandmother who is in the final stadges of Alzheimer´s disease.

As humans we are not stuck in an everlasting present. Instead, we can project ourselves into both our personal past and future. Remembering the past and simulating the future are strongly interrelated processes. They are both supported by largely the same brain regions including the rostral and ventral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) but also the hippocampus, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), as well as other regions in the parietal and temporal cortices. Interestingly, this core network for episodic simulation and episodic memory partially overlaps with a brain network for evaluation and value-based decision making. This is particularly the case for the mPFC. This part of the brain has been associated both with a large number of different cognitive functions ranging from the representation of memory schemas and self-referential processing to the representation of value and affect. As a consequence, a unifying account of mPFC functioning has remained elusive. The present thesis investigates the unique contribution of the mPFC to episodic simulation by highlighting its role in the representation of memory schemas and value. In a first functional MRI and pre-registered behavioral replication study, we demonstrate that the mPFC encodes representations of known people as well as of known locations from participants’ everyday life. We demonstrate that merely imagined encounters with liked vs. disliked people at these locations can change our attitude toward the locations. The magnitude of this simulation-induced attitude change was predicted by activation in the mPFC during the simulations. Specifically, locations simulated with liked people exhibited significantly larger increases in liking than those simulated with disliked people. In a second behavioral study, we examined the mechanisms of simulation-based learning more closely. To this end, participants also simulated encounters with neutral people at neutral locations. Using repeated behavioral assessments of participants’ memory representations, we reveal that simulations cause an integration of memory representations for jointly simulated people and locations. Moreover, compared to the neutral baseline condition we demonstrate a transfer of positive valence from liked and of negative valence from disliked people to their paired locations. We also provide evidence that simulations induce an affective experience that aligns with the valence of the person and that this experience can account for the observed attitude change toward the location. In a final fMRI study, we examine the structure of memory representations encoded in the mPFC. Specifically, we provide evidence for the hypothesis that the mPFC encodes schematic representations of our social and physical environment. We demonstrate that representations of individual exemplars of these environments (i.e., individual people and locations) are closely intertwined with a representation of their value. In sum, our findings show that we can learn from imagined experience much as we learn from actual past experience and that the mPFC plays a key role in simulation-based learning. The mPFC encodes information about our environment in value-weighted schematic representations. These representations can account for the overlap of mnemonic and evaluative functions in the mPFC and might play a key role in simulation-based learning. Our results are in line with a view that our memories of the past serve us in ways that are oriented toward the future. Our ability to simulate potential scenarios allows us to anticipate the future consequences of our choices and thereby fosters farsighted decision making. Thus, our findings help to better characterize the functional role of the mPFC in episodic future simulation and valuation.

The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease characterized by the degradation of articular cartilage, is correlated with the rise in obesity. The rising rates of obesity in children and adults highlight the need for identifying a sustainable physical activity that promotes fitness while mitigating initiation and progression of osteoarthritis. The objective of this study was to determine an effective rehabilitation and lifelong fitness sustainment exercise regimen that minimize risk of osteoarthritis in individuals with high body mass index (BMI). The aim was to examine knee medial and lateral contact forces in gait and cycling training. Gait at self-selected speeds and cycling at moderate resistance were studied using motion analysis in normal BMI and high BMI participants. Individuals with high BMI exhibited abnormal kinematics and increased kinetics in gait but neutral knee abduction-adduction angles, lower knee contact forces, and balanced mediolateral force distribution in cycling. The combination of maladaptive kinetics (excessive cartilage loading) and altered kinematics (primarily knee adduction angles) observed in gait for the high BMI cohort demonstrate the profound adverse effect of weight bearing and impact exercises on knee biomechanics. Exercise rehabilitation modalities should aim to minimize cartilage loading, correct altered knee angles, and prioritize balanced mediolateral force distributions in individuals with high BMI. Cycling, a non-weight bearing and low impact exercise, addresses all these factors because it constrains kinematic patterns with the pedals and carries significant body weight on the saddle.