L’objet de cette thèse porte sur le magistère délivré par le clerc syrien, autorité du sunnisme contemporain, Muhammad Sa‘īd Ramahān al-Būtī, né en 1929. L’intérêt porté, via une traduction au plus près des sources écrites et orales, privilégie l’« islamologie appliquée » et la démarche pluridisciplinaire qu’elle induit pour saisir la complexité d’une pensée en situation. En convoquant depuis une trajectoire singulière des lieux complémentaires d’une pluralité identitaire, les « hybrides » de la biographie comblent un déficit de connaissance de l’histoire contemporaine des relations qu'entretiennent la sphère religieuse et l’État syriens dont le conflit, ressenti comme tabou, qui opposa l’exécutif à la frange islamiste. Au prolongement, le terrain d’expérimentation d’une médiation éthique montre l’implication subjective du clerc par un déplacement du factuel vers les possibles d’un compromis de régulation. Inscrite dans le « discours religieux » qu’éclaire l’ordre graphique, en vertu du passage d’un univers théologique à un énoncé idéologique, l’expression contemporaine de la réflexion du šayh Sa‘īd s’articule autour d'une unité communautaire idéalisée. L’apport conceptuel de la psychanalyse groupale, associé à une pragmatique discursive, contribue à prendre la mesure de formations et de processus défensifs, au moyen d’usages métaphorisés du corps, dont l’acmé, l’« esprit de corps » désincarnant et redoublé par le caractère virtuel de l’Internet, reverse le conflit dans l’axiologique. À rebours, les contingences traitées dans les fatwā-s et l’expérience intime de la corporéité, mesurée à l’aune du « souci de l’autre », donnent à penser les présents enjeux éthiques. / This thesis deals with the teaching given by the Syrian scholar, Muhammad Sa‘īd Ramadān al-Būtī, born in 1929 and an authority on contemporary sunnism. Our concern, through a close translation of his written and oral works, privileges « applied islamology » and a multidisciplined method which it induces in order to grasp the complexity of a thought in progress. While mentioning, from a pecular path, places complementary of a plural identity, the « hybrids » of his biography fill a shortage in our knowledge of the contemporary history about the relationship between the Syrian religious sphere and the state, among which the conflict felt as a taboo and opposing the Executive and the islamist fringe. Following this factor, the experimental field for an ethical mediation shows the subjective involvement, through a shifting from the facts towards a possible compromise for a set of regulations. The contemporary expression for šayh Sa‘īd’s thinking, in keeping with the « religious discourse » which is enlightened by the graphic signs thanks to a changeover from a theological field to an ideological wording is stated around an idealized community unity. The conceptual contribution of the group psychoanalysis associated with a discursive pragmatics shows a defensive process by means of various metaphors for the body, among which at the height the « esprit de corps », being disembodied and emphasized by the virtual aspect of Internet, pours the conflict into an axiology. In return, the contingencies mentioned in the fatwā-s and the inmost experiencing of the corporeity, according to the idea of « care » set us thinking about the present ethical issues.

In comparison with their peers, adolescents with ADHD are at increased risk for developing depression, with prevalence estimates for comorbid depression ranging from 14% to 20%. Youth with comorbid ADHD and depression are at greater risk for multiple negative outcomes compared to youth with ADHD alone, including suspension from school, failing a grade, or difficulties in peer relationships. Identifying risk factors for depression among adolescents with ADHD is important for facilitating early identification and treatment efforts. Research completed to date indicates that interpersonal impairment and emotion regulation may mediate the relationship between ADHD and depression. However, a comprehensive longitudinal model including both interpersonal impairment and emotion regulation has not been tested. The aim of the current study was to evaluate whether the indirect pathway from ADHD to depression through interpersonal impairment is moderated by emotion regulation in a longitudinal study of young adolescents with ADHD (N = 239; M age at follow-up = 12.30, SD = .92). Data were collected at three time points over 18 months. Parents completed ratings of externalizing symptoms (ADHD and Oppositional Defiant Disorder, [ODD]), parent-child relationship problems, and peer relationship problems. Adolescents rated their depressive symptoms and emotion regulation problems. Moderated mediation models as outlined by Preacher, Rucker, and Hayes (2007) were used to test whether the indirect effects of externalizing symptoms on depression through parent-child relationship stress and peer relationship problems are moderated by emotion regulation. Controlling for baseline levels of depression, results suggest that these pathways vary as a function of emotion regulation, such that the paths from externalizing symptoms to depression are significantly stronger among adolescents with high levels of emotion regulation problems. In addition, an exploratory analysis of the associations between multiple aspects of emotion regulation problems and depression revealed that access to emotion regulation strategies was the only unique predictor of later depression among adolescents with ADHD.

Violence, insurgency, and terrorism have been a recurring problem in Nigeria. Efforts to address these challenges through the use of force have proved ineffective. The purpose of this study was to explore the application of peace education in the educational curriculum with a view to promoting consensual peace building in Kafanchan Town, Jema'a Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Although peace education has been applied in some countries, this approach has not been applied to these challenges plaguing Nigeria. This study adopts the survey research method and utilizes the tripodal theoretical framework of ethnic conflict theory, enemy system theory, and the integrative theory of peace. Ethnic conflict theory stipulates that the internecine conflict between ethnic groups results from denial of their biological and psychological needs. Enemy system theory postulates that humans have a predisposition to discriminate. Integrative theory of peace projects peace as the interface between all aspects of human life, psychological, spiritual, ethical, or sociopolitical. A purposeful sampling technique was used to select 25 participants who were interviewed, and their responses analyzed first by synthesizing and isolating main themes and then by using the Nvivo statistical software. The emergent themes resulting from the data include: changing the mindset of individuals; lack of peace education; mainstreaming of peace education; holistic curriculum content; and a dynamic, participatory as well as integrated approach to peace education. Positive social change results from rejection and abhorrence of violence on a permanent basis and embracing a more peaceful approach to resolving contentious issues that may arise in the course of daily human interaction. This change will lead to peaceful coexistence at the individual, family, organizational, and societal level.

Hoje a tecnologia digital se aplica de forma maior e mais variada em diversos aspectos do cotidiano. Com esteio nisso objetiva-se identificar aspectos projetuais relevantes no sentido da mediação de conteúdo e potencialização do aprendizado de visitantes em museus por meio da interação com artefatos tecnológicos digitais interativos. Busca-se tal entendimento mediante um estudo de ações projetuais nesta natureza associado a observação do usuário em atividade. Contribuições e influxos para o visitante foram estudados partindo, primeiramente, de uma reunião de padrões e classificações realizadas por alguns autores sobre o tema, para, com amparo nisso, realizar as análises, as quais foram divididas em duas fases. A primeira estruturou-se num estudo de reconhecimento de estratégias projetuais relevantes aplicadas em exemplos notáveis de artefatos estudados, pelo qual foi obtida uma visão geral do estado da arte de aplicações, nacionais e internacionais de designs desta natureza, ensejando a identificação de estratégias projetuais de cunho estrutural e conceitual. Tais análises foram articuladas a um aprofundamento na observação do usuário em interação, por meio de dois estudos de caso selecionados dentre os projetos anteriormente elencados. O primeiro foi o projeto A Voz da Arte, fruto da parceria entre Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo e a IBM. Já o segundo se concentra na instalação Relevos da Terra em 3D, situada no Museu Catavento Cultural. A coleta de dados se deu por levantamento de áudio e vídeo da interação de 15 visitantes no primeiro, e 12 no segundo artefato, seguida por entrevistas semiestruturadas com cada usuário, tratando de questões relativas a suas experiências individuais na atividade de interação com interface e conteúdo propostos. Por fim realizou-se uma categorização dos pontos relevantes observados, produzindo um diagrama que sintetiza as estratégias projetuais elencadas em três dimensões de estímulos da interação, divididas em aspectos: materiais; racionais e emocionais. / Today digital technology is applied in a larger and more varied way in different aspects of daily life. Based on this, this research aims to identify relevant design aspects in the sense of content mediation and enhancement of the visitor`s learning in museums through interaction with interactive digital technological artifacts. Such understanding is sought through a study of this nature of designs associated with observation of the user in activity. theoretical contributions and impacts for the visitor were studied, starting from a meeting of standards and classifications carried out by some authors on the subject, in order to carry out the analyzes, which were divided into two phases. The first one was structured in a recognition study of relevant design strategies applied in notable examples of artifacts selected, for which an overview of the state of the art of national and international applications of designs of this nature was obtained, leading to the identification of structural and conceptual design strategies. Such analyzes were articulated to a deepening in the observation of the user in interaction, through two case studies selected among the projects previously listed. The first is the A Voz da Arte project, the result of the partnership between Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo and IBM. The second one focuses on the Relevos da Terra em 3D installation, located in the Catavento Cultural Science Museum. The data collection was done by audio and video survey of the interaction of 15 visitors in the first, and 12 in the second artifact, followed by semi-structured interviews with each user, dealing with questions related to their individual experiences in interaction activity with interface and content proposed. Finally, a categorization of the relevant points was carried out, producing a diagram that synthesizes the projected strategies in three dimensions of stimuli, divided into: material; rational and emotional aspects.

Difficulty with many aspects of social interactions is a defining characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Video modeling (VM) has successfully improved a range of social skills for individuals with ASD in previous studies, but most often with simple social skills with young children. The current study used VMs scripted and recorded by peers to improve complex conversation and social gestures by a young adult with ASD. A multiple-probe, across-behaviors design found mixed evidence of experimental control of VM on the social behaviors of the individual with ASD, although all behaviors increased from baseline and generalized to other settings and conversants. Peer comparison data from the conversation partner suggest that the VM may have served to prompt the peer to guide and extend conversation as modeled in the VMs and that the conversation skills of the peer also improved throughout the study. Implications of the important role peers may play to enhance VM and improve social skills are explored.

Developmental and prevention researchers aim to determine how unhealthy behaviors emerge. Mediation analysis offers a statistical tool that allows researchers to describe the processes underlying early risk and later health outcomes. Among existing longitudinal mediation models, latent difference score mediation stands out due to its unique ability to capture variations in changes both within and across individuals, as well as its ability to examine non-linear change over time. However, the literature currently lacks sample size guidelines for latent difference mediation models, which has proven to make the use of these models difficult. The current project addresses this limitation by offering an empirical set of sample guidelines for a variety of latent difference mediation score models through a Monte Carlo simulation study. By offering empirical sample size guidelines for latent difference score mediation models, future developmental and prevention researchers can make informed sampling decisions prior to data collection. Moreover, women who misuse alcohol have been found to experience more severe medical consequences than men. However, minimal research has evaluated how gender specific risk factors influence its onset. The current project addresses this limitation by applying latent difference score mediation to evaluate how disordered eating behaviors among adolescent girls influence alcohol misuse among adult women.

Social learning theory (Akers, 1973, 1977, 1985, 1998; Burgess & Akers, 1966) is an established general theory of criminal, deviant, and conforming behavior that finds substantial empirical support (e.g., Akers, Krohn, Lanza-Kaduce & Radosevich, 1979; Akers, La Greca, Cochran & Sellers, 1989; Alarid, Burton & Cullen, 2000; Krohn, Skinner, Massey & Akers, 1985). Although the theory provides insight into the processes that influence criminal behavior, the theory does not speak to the environments that produce such behavior--the domain of structural theories. Akers (1998) has suggested that social learning theory accounts for differences in crime rates through its mediation of structural effects on individual criminal behavior. He postulated that social structure acts as the distal cause of crime, affecting an individual's exposure to norm and norm-violating contingencies through the social learning process. Although the integrated cross level social structure-social learning theory (Akers, 1998) has received empirical attention, criminologists have not adequately tested the model (Akers, 1998; Bellair, Roscigno, & Vélez, 2003; Lanza-Kaduce & Capece, 2003; Lee, 1998; Lee, Akers & Borg, 2004). Akers (1999) and colleagues (Lee et al., 2004) have suggested that future research should test models that incorporate broader social structural measures, especially those derived theoretically. The present research contributes to the theoretical body of literature through its more complete measurement of the macrosocial correlates and theoretically defined structural causes dimensions posited by Akers (1998). Secondly, the study introduces possible linkages between social structure and the social learning process in an attempt to address the concerns of Krohn (1999), who suggested that the theory does not adequately do so, and Sampson (1999), who suggested that the theory is incapable of producing a priori, refutable macrosocial propositions. Although finding a relationship between social structure and social learning, the study finds no support for Akers' (1998) use of the mediation descriptor. Instead, the present research finds support for several moderator hypotheses, concluding that the social structure-social learning statement requires modification.

Research on self-control suggests that people do not do as well at self-control after they have already exerted self-control on something else. Despite the obvious importance of self-control in drinking behavior, few studies have examined alcohol consumption as an outcome measure in the context of self-control depletion and the potential role of cognitive processes in the self-control to drinking relationship remains largely unexplored. Although it is widely agreed that alcohol expectancies play an important role in one's decision to drink, no study has examined the role of expectancies in self-control's influence on drinking. This study addresses this important gap in the research by testing whether positive expectancies for alcohol influence the relationship between self-control depletion and placebo alcohol consumption in the laboratory. Results offer support for the resource model of self-control depletion in the context of drinking decisions; participants in the depleted self-control condition drank more placebo alcohol despite being reminded to be ready for an upcoming memory task. Hypotheses of conditional and indirect effects consistent with a process model of self-control were not supported. Using nonparametric analytic techniques, patterns in the data emerged suggestive of conditional indirect effects, though they appear to be very small in scale. Findings support the further exploration of the primary hypotheses, given the consideration of current limitations.

Les travaux entrepris pour cette thèse s’inscrivent dans le cadre de la philosophie de l’éducation. Plus spécifiquement, ceux-ci traitent de la thématique de l’éducation et de la formation comparée.L’objectif est de démontrer que la reconversion de la culture orale à la culture écrite est possible. Notamment dans le cas de l’immigré venu d’Afrique (culture orale) pour s’établir en France (culture scripturale). Ces travaux ont la prétention de relever, entre autres, les conséquences du passage de l’oral à l’écrit sur la vie du migrant, mais également sur l’environnement hôte.En d’autres termes, que devient le migrant, le voyageur, l’aventurier, après avoir posé ses valises à destination ? Ce dernier perd-t-il sa culture d’origine ou l’enrichit-elle avec de celle du pays d’accueil ? Qu’apporte-il en retour au pays d’accueil ?Autant de questions qui conduisent à rechercher les enjeux du voyage que décide d’entreprendre le migrant africain.La démarche de voyager s’inscrit dans la tradition humaniste. Cette dernière qui dévoile les deux visions du voyage s’appuie sur une aspiration à des droits et une projection dans l’espace liée au cosmopolitisme. Ainsi, deux courants de pensées s’annoncent d’ores et déjà : les « proficiens » et les « peregrinans ».Dans tous les cas, le migrant appelé à faire le récit de son aventure, témoigne d’une expérience significative personnelle soit d’enrichissement, soit de métamorphose, soit encore de dépouillement, d’ascèse, de délivrance et de conversion. Comment pourrait-il en être autrement ?Cette exigence prend un accent particulier quand il s’agit d’opérer un choix linguistique. Celui du passage de l’oralité à la scripturalité. Se faisant, on ne peut parler d’immigration sans expliquer les rapports qu’entretiennent l’écriture et l’oralité qui sont des questions substantielles à sa compréhension.Une aventure humaine qui ouvre sur un entre-deux culturel où les tensions et les défis constituent l’essentiel de la vie du migrant pour son insertion. Avec ses hauts et ses bas, avec ses joies et ses peines, ces tensions et ces défis qui vont se traduire par des phénomènes de rejet, de sentiment d’exclusion sociale, d’acculturation à l’écrit, de transculturation, de différenciation de rapports à la réalité et au savoir.THESE DE DOCTORAT Henri OKAIGNEUniversité PARIS 8 4 Novembre 2018A travers ces récits de vie, ces témoignages et ces trajectoires individuelles qui tiennent également compte de l’écriture comme mode de narration de ses pérégrinations, le migrant exprime ses difficultés. L’écriture devient alors pour lui, un lieu de repli sur soi, un refuge.Pour passer toutes ces réalités théoriques au banc de l’essai, un retour au bercail en Côte d’Ivoire a été nécessaire pour procéder à une enquête qualitative. L’objectif étant le choix d’orientation de la vie et les critères d’insertion du migrant au regard de l’utilisation qu’il fait de sa langue maternelle en France. Son rapport singulier à la pratique de l’oralité qui s’inscrit dans la tradition culturelle de la Côte d’Ivoire et les influences que celle-ci pourrait avoir sur son insertion.Les techniques de recueil des données telles que la triangulation et le choix d’un échantillonnage représentatif ont été préférées. Il s’est agi d’utiliser le récit des migrants comme support d’une enquête sous forme d’entretiens compréhensifs ou narratifs semi-directifs, de découvrir les récurrences qui s’y cachent afin de construire un modèle.Une enquête qui mènera à la compréhension de ce qui, dans les usages linguistiques du migrant, reste attaché à des formes incompatibles (tensions) avec son monde nouveau, son pays d’accueil qu’il doit surmonter (défis).Les conclusions des analyses des données conduiront sur des pistes pour le dégagement des compétences professionnelles en vue de l’accompagnement de ces migrants. / The works which we began for this thesis join within the framework of the philosophy of the education. More specifically, these deal with the theme of the education and with the compared training.We assign for objective to demonstrate that the retraining of the oral culture in the written culture is possible. In particular in the case of the immigrant come from Africa (oral culture) to become established in France (scriptural culture). It is a question meets it between two cultures: the oral culture and the written culture. These works claim to be able to raise, among others, the consequences of such a change on the life of the migrant in his host country.In other words, that becomes the migrant, the traveler, the adventurer, having put down his/her suitcases in destination ? Did the immigrant loses his culture of origin or does he enrich him with of that of the host country?So many questions which finally return to the stakes in the journey on which decides to begin the African migrant.This approach to travel joins in the humanist tradition. The latter which reveals both visions of the journey leans on an inhalation in rights and projection in the space bound to the cosmopolitanism. So, we shall have on one side, "proficiens" and on the other one, "peregrinans".In every case, the migrant who is called to tell the story of his adventure, shows of a personal significant experiment either enrichment, or metamorphosis, or still a perusal, an asceticism, a delivery and a conversion. How could it be otherwise?This requirement takes a particular accent when it comes to operate a linguistic choice. That of the passage of the oral character in the scripturality. Being made, we cannot speak about immigration without explaining the relationships that maintain the writing and the oral character which are substantial questions in his understanding.A human adventure which opens on a cultural intervening period where the tensions and the challenges establish the main part of the life of the migrant for its insertion. With his tops and his bottoms, with his enjoyments and his punishments, these tensions and these challenges are going to be translated by phenomena of rejection, feeling of social exclusion, acculturation to the paper, of transculturation, differentiation of relationships in the reality and in the knowledge.THESE DE DOCTORAT Henri OKAIGNEUniversité PARIS 8 6 Novembre 2018Through these narratives of life, these testimonies and these individual trajectories which also take into account the writing as the mode of story of its wanderings, the migrant expresses his difficulties. The writing becomes then for him, a place of withdrawal, a refuge.To cross all these theoretical realities in the bench of the essay, we had to surrender on the ground in Ivory Coast to proceed to a qualitative investigation. The objective being the choice of orientation of the life and the criteria of insertion of the migrant with regard to the use which it makes of his mother tongue in France. His singular relationship in the practice of the oral character which joins in the cultural tradition of Ivory Coast and the influences which this one could have on her insertion.The techniques of data collection such the triangulation and the choice of a representative random sampling were preferred. It is a question for us from the narrative of the migrants as the support of our investigation in the form of conversations comprehensive or narrative semi-directive, of discover the recurrences which hide from it to build a model.So, we shall reach the understanding of what, in the linguistic uses of the migrant, remains attached to incompatible tensions with his new world, its host country that he has to surmount challenges.The conclusions of data analyses will lead us on runways for the release of the professional skills with the aim of the frame of these migrants.

Orientador: Flavia Foz Mange / Resumo: A presente pesquisa apresenta um estudo sobre a mediação pré-processual nos casos de compra e venda de imóvel no Centro Judiciário de Solução de Conflitos (CEJUSC) de São José do Rio Preto – SP à luz dos princípios estabelecidos na Lei de Mediação e no Código de Processo Civil de 2015. Objetivou-se, a partir de um estudo de caso, de caráter qualitativo, verificar como e quando é aplicada referida mediação e se são utilizados os princípios que a norteiam, a saber: princípio da isonomia, princípio da decisão informada e os princípios da celeridade e economia processual. Examinou-se, além disto, como referido CEJUSC estrutura a mediação pré-processual nos mutirões em relação aos contratos inadimplentes de compra e venda de imóveis, e os motivos que levaram os compradores a este descumprimento. Justifica-se a pesquisa pelo tema da mediação pré-processual no âmbito judicial ter recente visibilidade na área jurídica, sendo mais discutido após o advento dos já mencionados dispositivos legais, quais sejam, a Lei de Mediação e o Código de Processo Civil de 2015. Quanto ao método, trata-se de uma abordagem multimetodológica, pautada na pesquisa bibliográfica, no levantamento de dados por meio de entrevista e na análise de conteúdo. Obteve-se como resultado, nos casos analisados, o distanciamento da aplicação dos princípios da isonomia e da decisão informada, além de uma exacerbada prática do princípio da celeridade e o uso do princípio da economia processual apenas para uma das partes.... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present research presents a study on the pre-procedural mediation in the cases of purchase and sale of property in the Judicial Center for Conflict Resolution (CEJUSC) of São José do Rio Preto - SP in light of the principles established in the Mediation Law and in the Code of Civil Procedure of 2015. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to verify how and when the aforementioned mediation is applied and whether the principles that guide it are used, namely: principle of isonomy, principle of decision informed and the principles of celerity and procedural economy. It was also examined how CEJUSC referred to the structure of pre-procedural mediation in the groups in relation to the delinquent contracts of purchase and sale of real estate, and the reasons that led the buyers to this non-compliance. It is justified the research by the subject of pre-procedural mediation in the judicial scope to have recent visibility in the legal area, being more discussed after the advent of the already mentioned legal devices, that is, the Mediation Law and the Code of Civil Procedure of 2015. As for the method, it is a multi-methodological approach, based on bibliographic research, data collection through interview and content analysis. As a result, in the cases analyzed the distancing of the application of the principles of isonomy and informed decision, as well as an exacerbated practice of the principle of celerity and the use of the principle of procedural economy only for one... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre