Spanning the period from the early years of the Cold War to the early twenty-first century, Crossing Out argues that medical theories of gender variance which emerge in the middle of the twentieth century are bound by the Cold-War–era discursive limits within which they were articulated, and that the ideological content of those theories persists into late-century research and treatment protocols. I parallel these analyses with interrogations of literary representations of transgendered subjects. What emerges most powerfully from this analysis of literary works is their tendency to signify in excess of the medical foreclosures, even when they seem consistent with medical discourse. By reading these two discursive systems against each other, the dissertation demonstrates the ability of literary discourse to accommodate multifaceted subject positions which medical discourse is unable to articulate. Literature thus complicates the stories that medical culture tells, revealing complex and multivariate possibilities for transgendered identification absent from traditional medical accounts. In tracing these discursive intersections the dissertation draws on and extends Michel Foucault’s theory of subjugated knowledges and Judith Butler’s writings on the formation of gendered subjects. Chapter One establishes the Cold War context, and argues that there are significant continuities between 1950s theories of intersexuality and Cold War ideology. Chapter Two extends this analysis to take in theories of transsexualism that emerged in the same years, and analyzes the discursive excesses of a 1950s pulp novel representation of a transsexual. Chapter Three establishes that the ideological content of the medical theories remained virtually unchanged by the 1990s, and argues that multivalent literary representations of transgenderism from the same decade promise the emergence of unanticipated forms of gender identity that exceed medical norms. Chapter Four is concerned with transgendered children, as they are represented in medical writing and in young adult and children’s literature. Interrogating fiction which negotiates between established medical discourse and an emergent transgender discourse, the chapter argues that these works at once invite and subvert a pathologizing understanding of gender-variant children while simultaneously providing data that demands to be read through the lens of an emergent affirmative notion of trans-childhood. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

The thesis will be devoted to individuals having a family member with Alzheimer disease. However, the mainstay will not be the disease as a whole, but caregivers and closest as themselves. The focus will be put on their memories and especially emerged relationship between caregivers, closest and caretakers. The main aim of the work is to catch the key moments having an influence to following solutions of situations and connotation, connected to dementia and as well as subsequent reflection and its own legitimation of the decision to place them into the institution unit. I would like to take into consideration the medical discourse, influencing the form of the right opinions about " properly" provided care and construction of the people with AD.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Medical education researchers have long been interested in understanding medical professional identity formation and its implications for the healthcare system. Various theories have been proposed to explain identity formation. Among them, Foucault’s discourse theory maintains that it is the discourse of medicine that constitutes medical professional identities. This study deployed a Foucauldian archaeological methodology to analyze the structure of modern medical discourse and establish links between discourse and professional identity formation in medical students. A total of forty-six medical students at Indiana University School of Medicine participated in either individual or focus group interviews. Direct observation of the clinical and educational settings was also performed, which resulted in additional textual data in the form of fieldnotes. Archaeological analysis of discourse was undertaken in three levels of the statements, the discursive elements, and the discursive rules and relations. Results entailed a detailed depiction of the structure of medical discourse including discursive objects and modes of enunciation, discursive concepts, and theoretical strategies related to each object. Discursive objects are things that are talked about in modern medical discourse. This study identified four discursive objects as disease and treatment, the doctor, the human body, and the sick person. Modes of enunciation are the different ways in which people talk about objects of medicine, whereas concepts consist of the notions people draw from when talking about objects of medicine. Theoretical strategies indicate certain positions that people take in relation to the objects of medicine. Rules of formation and conditions of existence for each discursive element were also established. Since Identities are entrenched through language and interaction, developing a systematic understanding of the structure of medical discourse will shed new light on medical professional identity formation. Results of this study also have profound implications for teaching professionalism and medical humanities in medical curricula. Furthermore, as a research methodology used for the first time in medical education, archaeology not only opens new territories to be explored by future research, it also provides an entirely new way to look at them.

MARQUES, Gardênia Holanda. A responsabilidade do analista e sua prática no hospital. 2015. 101f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2015. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-08-26T13:30:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_ghmarques.pdf: 646516 bytes, checksum: 8842332def399235975f63f02139d111 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-08-28T14:17:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_ghmarques.pdf: 646516 bytes, checksum: 8842332def399235975f63f02139d111 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-28T14:17:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_ghmarques.pdf: 646516 bytes, checksum: 8842332def399235975f63f02139d111 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Psychoanalysts have begun to work at hospital institutions predominantly in late 70s. Various academic productions that deal with the relationship between psychoanalysis and its clinical work in the hospital point to an issue that emerge from the practice of each analyst inserted in this space, an issue that emerge from their relationship with desire. We consider that analytic listening, as a tool used to allow patients a different way to elaborate their suffering, brings into account the analyst's responsibility to sustain their praxis. In this perspective, this paper aims to conduct a study on the notion of responsibility for psychoanalysis and to question its challenges in hospital institutions facing the hegemony of the medical discourse, considering that the sustenance of psychoanalysis’ act becomes possible through transference relationship. The method used to achieve these goals was literature review and the study of clinical vignettes. We also performed a study on the state of knowledge of the productions of the last decade on psychoanalysis and hospital; then we have elaborated the notion of responsibility for psychoanalysis and contextualized the practice of the analyst in the hospital. We have finished the survey with vignettes that put into question the responsibility of the analyst and its effects. The results of this research imply that the responsibility of the analyst is in relation to the unconscious and that the position of the analyst and his ethics can provide access to a knowledge of the unconscious. / A entrada de psicanalistas na instituição hospitalar inicia-se, predominantemente, no final da década de 70. As diversas produções acadêmicas que versam sobre as relações entre a psicanálise e seu trabalho clínico no hospital apontam para uma questão que insurge da prática de cada analista inserido nesse espaço, questão que advém da sua relação com o desejo. Consideramos que a escuta analítica como ferramenta utilizada para possibilitar ao paciente um modo de elaboração outro sobre o seu sofrimento coloca em jogo a responsabilidade do analista em sustentar sua práxis. Nesta perspectiva, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um estudo sobre a noção de responsabilidade para a psicanálise e questionar os desafios da mesma na instituição frente à hegemonia do discurso médico, assinalando que a sustentação de seu ato se torna possível com a relação transferencial. O método utilizado para atingir tais objetivos foi a revisão bibliográfica e o estudo de vinhetas clínicas. Realizamos ainda um estudo de estado de conhecimento sobre as produções da última década sobre psicanálise e hospital; em seguida elaboramos a noção de responsabilidade para a psicanálise e contextualizamos a prática do analista no hospital. Finalizamos a pesquisa com vinhetas que colocavam em questão a responsabilidade do analista e seus efeitos. Os resultados dessa pesquisa concluem que a responsabilidade do analista é em relação ao inconsciente e que a posição do analista e sua ética podem possibilitar o acesso a um saber do inconsciente.

The study aims at the investigation and analysis of power relations connected to the sanatorium as a buildingtypology within the modernist architectural contest. The chosen building is the tuberculosis sanatorium ofPaimio, located in southwest Finland and built by architects Aino (1894-1949) and Alvar Aalto (1898-1976)between 1928 and 1933. The chosen theoretical framework is therefore based on the theories of Michel Foucault(1926-1984) about power, knowledge and discourse. The method used for this essay is inspired by the architecture theoretician Paul Hirst's notion of architecture as a discourse, its subjectification and a means of communication that changes over time, but also the semiotics of Umberto Eco and its conception of architecture as a double meaning tool.The study proceeds to analyze Paimio sanatorium taking into consideration the relationships between the various components of the building, their placement and formal elements as part of a bigger, institutional and medical discourse.The analysis of Paimio sanatorium has shown not only relevant historical and socio economic background butalso a mutual relationship between architecture and medical discourse capable of influencing each other overtime and space.

The childbirth in the medical discourse is still viewed as a proces of high risk. The birth at home is then in such a discourse considered to be hazardous practice which can threaten the life of the unborn child. This paper tries to contribute to the discussions about the freedom of choice of the place of birth. The birth is then viewed from the perspective of gender as a constructed phenomenon culturaly and socialy biased. The main focus is on the research of the experience of women who gave birth at home. Their experience is to be considered as constructed as well, therefore I investigate the leverages that influence their interpretation of the birth experience. I am also interested in researching how their experience influenced their futher life and what meaning they asign to it in the context of their life experience as such. Further interest of this paper is to research the knowledge that the women, who gave birth at home, used during the proces of childbirth. The main focus is to elicit the auhoritative knowledge based on which they make decisions and how this knowledge is constituted.

L’essor de la discipline bactériologique est l’un des phénomènes les plus célébrés de l’historiographie médicale. Les approches qu’ont empruntées les historiens pour aborder le sujet depuis le tournant du XXe siècle se sont progressivement modifiées pour passer, le plus souvent, d’une interprétation endogène des développements de la science, où les concepts, les théories, les méthodes de la médecine sont perçus comme se développant isolément du contexte social dans lequel ils s’insèrent, à l’approche inverse, sociologique, où chacune des facettes de l’entreprise médico-scientifique est influencée par son milieu dans une interaction où les instances publiques, gouvernementales et professionnelles impliquées par les projets de médicalisation, formant une dynamique impassible, modifient le cours de chaque aspect de l’histoire médicale. Mais, en dehors des éléments professionnels, le développement de la pensée médico-scientifique est-il invariablement subjugué par cette dynamique sociale ? L’idéal de scientificité prôné par les médecins, formant un archétype dans lequel la rigueur du professionnel doit être isolée de ces facteurs extrinsèques n’est-il pas en mesure d’avoir conféré aux démarches médico-scientifiques une stabilité authentique vis-à-vis les fluctuations de l’environnement sociopolitique et professionnel dans lequel elles s’inscrivent ? Cette étude répond à ce questionnement par l’analyse exhaustive du discours défini par les périodiques médicaux du Québec entre 1840 et 1880. Elle s’articule sur deux développements inédits : l’un qui présente les assises méthodologiques de la vérification, c’est-à-dire la définition de l’archétype médical, son rôle dans la légitimation professionnelle, les critères de scientificité qu’il détermine de même qu’une typologie du discours qu’il permet d’inférer ; l’autre, ses résultats. L’étude montre que l’archétype décrit par le corps médical québécois, loin de n’être qu’un outil discursif par lequel la profession a pu être socialement reconnue au XIXe siècle, exerça une influence déterminante sur la formation de l’attitude professionnelle à l’égard des nouveautés étiologiques présentées par les pionniers de la bactériologie. En plus de dévoiler la trame exacte du développement de la pensée étiologique au Québec, la thèse souligne la complémentarité des approches internes et externes de l’historiographie médicale. Elle contribue ainsi à une représentation plus juste des processus à l’oeuvre dans le développement scientifique. / The rise of bacteriology is one of the most celebrated phenomenon in medical historiography. Historian’s approaches taken to address the issue since the turn of the twentieth century were gradually modified to pass, most often, from an endogenous interpretation of scientific development, where medical concepts, theories, and methods are seen as developing in isolation from the social context in which they occur, to the opposite, sociological approach, where every element of the medical-scientific enterprise is rather seen as being influenced by its context in an interaction by which the public, governmental and professional instances involved in medicalization, forming an impassive dynamic, change the course of every aspect of medical history. But beyond the professional elements, is the development of medical and scientific thought invariably subjugated to this social dynamic? Could not the ideal of scientificity advocated by doctors, forging an archetype in which professional rigor is meant to be isolated from these extrinsic factors, confer to the medical and scientific endeavor a genuine stability towards fluctuations in the socio-political and professional environment in which they evolve? Our study addresses these questions by the exhaustive analysis of the discourse defined by the Quebec medical journals between 1840 and 1880. It is based on two new developments, one that presents the methodological foundations of the audit - that is to say, the definition of the medical archetype, its role in professional recognition, the scientific criteria that it determines, and a typology of discourse that can be inferred from it - and the other, the results. The study shows that the archetype described by the Quebec medical profession, far from being solely a discursive tool by which the profession has been socially recognized in the nineteenth century, exerted a decisive influence on the formation of the professional attitude towards etiological novelties presented by the pioneers of bacteriology. Thus, in addition to revealing the exact framework of the development of causal thinking in Quebec, the thesis shows the complementarity of internal and external approaches to medical historiography. It contributes to a fairer representation of the processes at work in scientific development.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:32:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia Regina Ristow.pdf: 2589812 bytes, checksum: 4a1ca536d10a8fecf88cb76c8d7f0996 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-11 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This survey aims to collect a written memory about the Health Councilor in Paraná, to show its trajectory encrusted in customs and administrative rationalities in education and public health, to describe a time when the costumes were alongside the disciplinary order, as well as describe the creation of social roles for Health Councilor in the State of Paraná through 1920-1940. To do this historic survey and delimit the trajectory and the time clipping, we got Reports of Government, Statistical Reports of Demographer Health of Paraná as search report sources, editions of the magazine Revista Médica do Paraná , Travel Reports of Inspectors in Education and Health, documents from the Archive of Medicine College of the State and the reports of the National Department of Health about the organization of Health Districts of the State. We try to show the work that had already being developed by laymen in health in the countryside of the State. With policies to achieve the countryside and effective occupation of the territory, this attendance used to be the only way of medical practicing. So far, this practical service represented one of the unique alternatives to expand ideals of health and sanitarism that had being drawn up by the Government and facing a discourse of modernity of Brazil. The jobs of this layman were incorporated into the policies to take health to the countryside as well as school care policies. This professional then was regimented by the health structure that is proposed for this season, particularly in the Sanitary Districts. Its area of action was extended also to home visits, help to doctors, school visits, to patients, and in the factories. This practice of care and dissemination of the prophylactic ideals and health was placed to this character, sometimes excluded from science by its mystical features, sometimes incorporated for it, and marked as unique agent of support towards the communities of the countryside to establish the ideals of a medical science that sometimes condemned it. In the late 1940, we see social roles already refurbished and delimited by a legal-administrative planning. Its "place" was enclosed within the institutions and with pre-established chores / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivos reunir uma memória escrita sobre a visitadora sanitária no Paraná, mostrar sua trajetória incrustada em costumes e racionalidades administrativas da educação e da saúde pública, descrever momentos em que os costumes estiveram ao lado da ordem disciplinar, bem como descrever a criação de papéis sociais para a visitadora sanitária no Estado do Paraná nas décadas de 1920-1940. Para fazer esse levantamento histórico e delimitar a trajetória e o recorte temporal de pesquisa, usamos como fontes os Relatórios de Governo, os Relatórios de Estatística Demógrafo-Sanitária do Paraná, edições da Revista Médica do Paraná, os Relatórios de Viagens dos Inspetores de Educação e da Saúde, documentos do Arquivo da Faculdade de Medicina do Estado e os Relatórios do Departamento Nacional de Saúde sobre a organização dos Distritos Sanitários no Estado. Procuramos mostrar o trabalho que já era desenvolvido pelas práticas ou cuidadoras de saúde no interior do estado. E como as políticas de interiorização e efetiva ocupação do território me permitiram entender que esse atendimento constituía a única forma de prática médica. Para tanto, esse atendimento prático se apresentou como uma das únicas alternativas para expandir os ideais de saúde e sanitarismo que estavam sendo elaborados pelo governo e diante de um discurso de modernidade do Brasil. Esse trabalho das práticas foi incorporado às políticas de estruturação da interiorização da saúde e às políticas de atendimento ao escolar. Essa profissional então passa a ser arregimentada pela estrutura de saúde que é proposta para essa época, em especial, nos Distritos Sanitários. Sua área de atuação foi estendida também a visitas domiciliares, auxílio aos médicos, visitas aos escolares, aos doentes, visitas às fábricas. Essa prática de atendimento e difusão dos ideais profiláticos e sanitários foi depositada sobre essa personagem, ora excluída da ciência por suas características místicas, ora incorporada e marcada como único agente de respaldo perante as comunidades do interior a instituir os ideais de uma ciência médica que, por vezes, a condenava. No final da década de 1940, veremos papéis sociais já remodelados e delimitados por um ordenamento administrativo-jurídico. Seu lugar foi delimitado no interior de instituições e com afazeres predeterminados

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This thesis examines representations of cancer in contemporary art, with a particular focus on unruly, un-idealized bodies at risk. In bringing together the discourses of art history and medicine, its aim is to engage conventions of visualizing cancer, and more importantly, to highlight the ways in which contemporary artists challenge dominant representations, re-imagining the cancerous body from an embodied perspective. Chapter One provides a context for images of cancer by examining an artistic account of how medicine constructs the body against an artists representation of her own cancerous body. Theorizing cancer as an abject condition, Chapter Two examines representational strategies for visualizing cancer that trouble distinctions between inside/outside, self/other, subject/object, healthy/diseased. Building on themes of gender, health, and identity, Chapter Three considers representations of chemotherapy-induced hair loss and baldness as the most visible signs of cancer, but highly unstable and performative ones that call the representational status of the disease into question. / History of Art, Design and Visual Culture