Bestiários são manuscritos ricamente ilustrados e, no entanto, há poucos estudos dedicados especificamente às suas imagens. Deste modo, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar o papel das imagens em três bestiários produzidos na Inglaterra entre os séculos XII e XIII, redigidos em latim. Partimos do princípio de que essas imagens não têm uma função meramente ilustrativa ou mnemônica, uma vez que raramente fazem referência às moralizações e exegeses do texto. A proposta principal desta pesquisa é, pois, analisar as imagens e suas funções nos manuscritos tendo em mente que a lógica do pensamento figurativo não é a mesma da do texto. / Bestiaries are richly illustrated manuscripts, however, there are few studies devoted specifically to its images. As it is, the purpose of this research is to investigate the role played by the images in three Latin bestiaries produced in England during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Our hypothesis is that these images do not serve a merely illustrative or mnemonic function, as they rarely reference the textual moralizations and exegeses. The objective of this work is to analyze the images and their functions in the manuscripts bearing in mind that the logic of figurative thought is not the same as the texts.

99 SummarySummarySummarySummary 12. kapitola Zjevení a její působení v dějinách umění Revelation Chapter 12 and its Incidence in the History of Art Martina V. Kopecká This diploma thesis is divided into 2 basic parts. The first part is concentrated to exegesis of Book of Revelation, especially to 12th chapter. This first part contains 4 chapters - Elementary information about Book of Revelation, whis provide us the fundamental information about genre, its origin, literal background and historical influence of the text, in chapter called Language of the Book of Revelation we devote to translation and analysis of language, that author have had used. The structure of Book of Revelation is discussed too, chapter called The Theology of Book of Revelation gives us the information about several theological topics, for example hope and redemption or radical monotheism, the chapter called The Book of Revelation - chapter 12th we devoted to analysis of 12th chapter "verse a verse". The second part is concetrated to art and it contains 2 extensive chapters. The fifth chapter is called Art and 12th chapter of Book of Revelation and we are concentrated to Albrecht Dürer and his Apocalyptic Serie. We also devoted to his life, work and influences that affected him. In chapter no. six, called The Methodology of...

Bestiários são manuscritos ricamente ilustrados e, no entanto, há poucos estudos dedicados especificamente às suas imagens. Deste modo, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar o papel das imagens em três bestiários produzidos na Inglaterra entre os séculos XII e XIII, redigidos em latim. Partimos do princípio de que essas imagens não têm uma função meramente ilustrativa ou mnemônica, uma vez que raramente fazem referência às moralizações e exegeses do texto. A proposta principal desta pesquisa é, pois, analisar as imagens e suas funções nos manuscritos tendo em mente que a lógica do pensamento figurativo não é a mesma da do texto. / Bestiaries are richly illustrated manuscripts, however, there are few studies devoted specifically to its images. As it is, the purpose of this research is to investigate the role played by the images in three Latin bestiaries produced in England during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Our hypothesis is that these images do not serve a merely illustrative or mnemonic function, as they rarely reference the textual moralizations and exegeses. The objective of this work is to analyze the images and their functions in the manuscripts bearing in mind that the logic of figurative thought is not the same as the texts.

A Basílica de Santa Maria Assunta, localizada em Torcello, uma das ilhas que compõem a Laguna de Veneza, abriga um programa iconográfico de três painéis em mosaico, caracterizados como bizantinos. Em um deles, na contrafachada, está figurado o painel do Juízo Final, nosso objeto de estudo. Produzido na segunda metade do século XI, ele inaugura (juntamente com o afresco de SantAngelo in Formis, na cidade de Cápua) a tradição de representação monumental desse tema iconográfico na Itália, aproximando-se do chamado modelo bizantino clássico, encontrado em Constantinopla a partir do século XI. Há, porém, algumas diferenças em relação aos exemplares conhecidos desse modelo bizantino, como o suporte e a localização em uma contrafachada de uma igreja. Assim, nossa preocupação nesta dissertação foi dupla: por um lado, analisar tais diferenças e, por outro, discutir o que levou à escolha deste tema ainda pouquíssimo comum para ornamentar uma igreja, buscando entender seus modos de funcionamento e as funções que desempenhava, tanto na igreja e em seu programa iconográfico quanto na própria sociedade veneziana da época de sua confecção. / The Basilica of Santa Maria Assunta, located in Torcello, one of the islands in the Venetian Lagoon, houses an iconographic program of three mosaic panels, characterized as Byzantine. In one of them, on the counter-façade, is figured the panel of the Last Judgment, our object of study. Produced on the second half of the eleventh century, it inaugurates (together with the fresco of Sant\'Angelo in Formis, in the city of Capua) the tradition of monumental representation of this iconographic theme in Italy, approaching the so-called \"classical Byzantine model\", found in Constantinople from the 11th century. There are, however, some differences from the known examples of this Byzantine model, such as the support and the location on a churchs counter-façade. Thus, our concern in this dissertation was twofold: on the one hand, to analyze such differences and, on the other hand, to discuss what led to the choice of this very uncommon subject to decorate a church, trying to understand its modes of functioning and the functions it performed, both in the church and in its iconographic program, as well as in Venetian society itself at the time of its confection.

This dissertation presents a new perspective on the function of objects in late-medieval devotional practice through a study of the so-called Soissons group of thirteenth-century French Gothic ivories. These ivory diptychs were sophisticated tools constructed to guide the user through various spiritual exercises that led to prayer. The hitherto unexplained increase in the availability of ivory in mid-thirteenth-century France is accounted for by an alteration in the trade routes that brought elephant tusks from the Swahili coast of Africa to northern Europe: a newly-opened passage through the Straits of Gibraltar allowed a small amount of luxury goods to be shipped together with bulk materials necessary to the northern textile industries. The increasing supply required a revision of the structure of the thirteenth-century craft of ivory. The Soissons group, the first ivory diptychs fashioned during this time of growth in ivory markets, is subdivided into two sections. An itinerant master who traveled throughout the Picard region between 1235 and 1270 crafted the first group. Concurrently, three separate Parisian artists produced the second group based on a Picard model. This dissertation redates all the ivories substantially earlier than previously thought, conclusions which were attained through stylistic analysis. The dense Passion iconography shaped the diptychs’ function in private devotion. The narrative encouraged the viewer to practice a number of spiritual exercises—reading, memorization and compunction—analogous to the three reasons for allowing images in the Christian Church, the triplex ratio. The Passion diptych format introduced with these objects was immensely popular throughout the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries and its conservation over time underscored its effectiveness. The small differences in iconography and composition among the seven Soissons diptychs, however, were subtle modifications to adjust to different audiences and to hone the objects’ efficacy as tools for prayer.

This dissertation presents a new perspective on the function of objects in late-medieval devotional practice through a study of the so-called Soissons group of thirteenth-century French Gothic ivories. These ivory diptychs were sophisticated tools constructed to guide the user through various spiritual exercises that led to prayer. The hitherto unexplained increase in the availability of ivory in mid-thirteenth-century France is accounted for by an alteration in the trade routes that brought elephant tusks from the Swahili coast of Africa to northern Europe: a newly-opened passage through the Straits of Gibraltar allowed a small amount of luxury goods to be shipped together with bulk materials necessary to the northern textile industries. The increasing supply required a revision of the structure of the thirteenth-century craft of ivory. The Soissons group, the first ivory diptychs fashioned during this time of growth in ivory markets, is subdivided into two sections. An itinerant master who traveled throughout the Picard region between 1235 and 1270 crafted the first group. Concurrently, three separate Parisian artists produced the second group based on a Picard model. This dissertation redates all the ivories substantially earlier than previously thought, conclusions which were attained through stylistic analysis. The dense Passion iconography shaped the diptychs’ function in private devotion. The narrative encouraged the viewer to practice a number of spiritual exercises—reading, memorization and compunction—analogous to the three reasons for allowing images in the Christian Church, the triplex ratio. The Passion diptych format introduced with these objects was immensely popular throughout the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries and its conservation over time underscored its effectiveness. The small differences in iconography and composition among the seven Soissons diptychs, however, were subtle modifications to adjust to different audiences and to hone the objects’ efficacy as tools for prayer.

Aquest treball, pretén presentar un estudi monogràfic i de síntesi sobre l’art gòtic al Maresme. El primer objectiu proposat era presentar una anàlisi intentant superar les monografies locals d’edificis més o menys estudiats i intentar aconseguir una visió general inèdita més àmplia de l’estil a la comarca, evidenciant els seus ritmes constructius i els seus elements definidors. Això comportava també una revisió de les monografies ja publicades per tal d’actualitzar les noves recerques i replantejar algunes coses acceptades des de fa anys i que potser calia qüestionar. Un segon objectiu, vindria marcat per l’intent d’analitzar els diferents estils en una zona perifèrica del comtat de Barcelona medieval. La historiografia d’abast nacional inclou en els seus repertoris les grans obres monumentals i, en la majoria de casos, no hi ha un especial atenció als edificis de segon i tercer ordre, com a obres de caràcter més popular. Es tractava doncs de comparar les obres de la comarca i analitzar quin grau hi ha de seguiment dels models i repertoris generals de l’estil i si les característiques, cronologies i estilemes, que defineixen les grans etapes de l’art gòtic català es poden aplicar a aquesta comarca, i quina relació s’estableix entre aquestes obres i les primeres. A principis del el s. XIV, la majoria d’edificis i termes jurisdiccionals del baix Maresme ja estan plenament establerts. En contra del que passa en altres indrets, la introducció de l’art gòtic a Maresme no presenta inicialment un període de grans inversions i de grans projectes sinó que hi domina el manteniment de les estructures heretades del període de l’art romànic i les noves actuacions tindran un caràcter més aviat puntual. La introducció del nou estil en el Maresme el podem situar a mitjans del s.XIV gràcies a l’aparició d’uns nous promotors que formaran part dels grups influents de la burgesia comercial i burocràtica barcelonina. Alguns dels membres d’aquest grup esdevindran els propietaris de la majoria de senyories de la comarca i en el procés esdevindran els comitents d’una gran part de les obres d’art al Maresme. En aquest període es comença a palpar la incipient influència en l’àmbit artístic d’un grup de nous promotors que s’aniran imposant a mida que avanci la centúria del 1400. Seran les elits locals de les noves viles independents, constituïdes en “Universitats del terme” les que agafaran el relleu en la promoció artística tant religiosa com civil. Dins aquest període, també s’analitzen una sèrie d’edificis singulars vinculats a les ordes monàstiques (el priorat de Sant Pere de Clarà (Argentona), el convent - hospital de Caldes d’Estrac i la cartoixa de Montealegre a Tiana) a més de la renovació del mobiliari litúrgic (retaules, escultures, orfebreria....) Ja en el s.XVI, les elits locals com a nous promotors, utilitzaran els recursos del Comú de les viles i esdevindran els veritables renovadors de l’obra pública, tant laica com religiosa, promovent una gran activitat de renovació dels edificis, principalment els parroquials, els quals seran erigits de nova planta mantenint encara viu el llenguatge gotitzant que de forma epigonal arribarà fins a finals del s.XVI i principis del s.XVII. Al final del treball s’analitzen els diferents artífexs i les formes de treball per abordar la idea del colonialisme artístic dels tallers barcelonins a la zona del Maresme. / JOAQUIM GRAUPERA GRAUPERA: Gothic art in Baix Maresme (XIIth to XVIth century). Art and artistic promotion in a peripheral area of the Barcelona County. Mataró, 2011. This research offers a monographic study on Gothic art in Maresme area. The first aim is to transcend the local monographs with a more comprehensive view, which implied the review of the already published monographs in order to update their research and question it if necessary. The second aim is to analyze the styles in a peripheral area of Barcelona medieval county comparing the works of this area and analyzing to which extent followed the characteristics, chronology and style, which define the main phases of the Catalan Gothic art. The introduction of the new style in the Maresme area takes place at the second half of the XIVth century, thanks to the emergence of a new group of promoters that are part of the influential groups of the Barcelona trading and bureaucratic bourgeoisie. Some members of this group will become the owners of most of the lordships and the clients for many of the works of art in Maresme. In this period it starts to be felt the influence in art of a group of new promoters that will impose themselves as we enter into the 1400’s: the local elites of the new independent villages that will take the relay in the artistic promotion, both in the religious and in the civil art and some buildings linked to monastic orders are analyzed as well as the renewal of the liturgical furniture. Already in the XVIth century, the local elites will become the real renovators of both religious and secular public work, promoting the renewal of the buildings, specially the parish churches, which will be built still keeping alive the gothic language which will reach the end of the XVIth and the beginning of the XVIIth centuries. At the end of this research, different craftsmen and their way of working are also analysed in order to approach the idea of an artistic colonialism of the Barcelona workshops in the area of Maresme.

O presente trabalho constitui uma dissertação de mestrado na área de história do vestuário medieval. Dentro do contexto da Baixa Idade Média (séculos X ao XV), visa identificar e analisar os aspectos mais relevantes na indumentária dos séculos XIV e XV. O recorte temporal foi escolhido por constituir um cenário de importantes mudanças políticas, econômicas e sociais, manifestas em um vestuário rico em nuances criativas. São analisados aspectos estéticos, funcionais, materiais e produtivos deste vestuário. O modelo de pesquisa é qualitativo, de modalidade histórica. As principais fontes de dados são a literatura das áreas de História, História do Vestuário, História da Arte e Arqueologia. As principais técnicas de coleta de dados empregadas são revisão da bibliografia, pesquisa em bancos de monografias e de imagens, acervo virtual de museus e registros em fotografia. O trabalho resultou em um detalhado panorama do vestuário dos séculos XIV e XV. Foi confeccionado um protótipo de forma a exemplificar uma reconstrução a partir das soluções de confecção propostas por autores do campo. A pesquisa constitui uma ferramenta para criação e confecção de figurinos ambientados ou inspirados na Baixa Idade Média, bem como reproduções e restaurações de peças históricas de museus / The present work of research constitutes a thesis on the history of medieval clothing field. Within the context of Late Middle Ages (10th to 15th centuries), it aims to identify and analyze the most relevant aspects in costume, particularly in the 14th and 15th centuries. The time frame was chosen for being the scenario of important political, economic and social changes. Said changes are manifest in a way of dressing that is full of creative nuances. Aesthetical, functional, material and productive aspects of said costume are analyzed. The research model is qualitative, of historical mode. The main data sources are literature in the areas of History, Art History and Archaeology. The main data collection techniques are literature review, research in monograph and image banks, online museum collections and photography records. The present work of research has resulted in a detailed overview of dress in the 14th and 15th centuries. A prototype was made in order to demonstrate a reproduction case, based on constructive solutions presented by authors of the field. This research provides a tool for creation and making of costume set or inspired in the Middle Ages, as well as replicas and restoration of historical museum clothing

O claustro do mosteiro beneditino de Sant Benet de Bages, na Catalunha espanhola, é caracterizado pela grande quantidade e diversidade de elementos ornamentais esculpidos em seus capitéis, o que é um importante indício de como a ornamentação se constituía em tanto que instância fundamental para a estética medieval. No entanto, até hoje poucas pesquisas foram realizadas sobre este claustro, o que é revelador da pouca atenção dada pela historiografia da arte tradicional ao tema da ornamentação. De modo geral, as imagens medievais mais valorizadas enquanto objeto de estudo são as historiadas. Isso em muito se deve à supervalorização da ideia de Bíblia dos iletrados, em detrimento de uma análise mais profunda sobre a presença estrutural e da complexidade dos diversos elementos que compõem as imagens, dentre os quais, os elementos ornamentais. Os trabalhos existentes sobre o tema da ornamentação e sua presença nas imagens medievais são, com poucas exceções, superficiais, procurando categorizações estilísticas e raízes filológicas. Uma das exceções é a obra do medievalista e teórico da arte francês Jean-Claude Bonne, principal marco teórico de nossa pesquisa, e que cunhou os conceitos de ornamental e ornamentalidade. A partir destas noções é que nos dedicamos ao estudo do claustro de Sant Benet de Bages, considerando os papéis estruturantes da ornamentação na economia imagética medieval e a diversidade de funções que ela pode adquirir, relacionando-a ao contexto sócio-histórico onde foi produzida. / The cloister of the Benedictine monastery of Sant Benet de Bages, in the Spanish Catalonia, has a large number and diversity of ornamental elements in its capitals, what sets us a fertile field of study. The few studies on this cloister indicate little attention by art historians to ornamentation, generally engaged in studying the historiated images. This is greatly due to the overemphasis of the idea of images as a \"Bible of the illiterate\", at the expense of a deeper analysis on the structural presence and complexity of the various elements that compose the images, among which, the ornamental elements. The existing papers on the subject of ornamentation and its presence in medieval images are generally superficial, limited to studies for stylistic categorizations, occupying a marginal place because they are supposed to be additional and unnecessary elements. At Sant Benet de Bages, like some other Romanesque cloisters, the amount of ornamental capitals exceeds that of historiated, which reveals the possibility of ornamentation to constitute a critical field to the aesthetic functioning of medieval art. This research aims to study such elements present in the cloister considering their structuring aspects in medieval imagetic economy, and the diversity of functions that can carry the concepts of \"ornemental\" and \"ornementalité\", proposed by the medievalist and French art theorist Jean-Claude Bonne, opening new possibilities for their study.

Zen Buddhism Thoughts and their Reflection in Japanese Art This thesis covers the development of Chan and Zen Buddhism thoughts, their effect on Japanese culture and their reflection in specific art forms. In the first part, it summarizes the arriving and settling of Zen in Japan as a follow-up to Chan development in China and as a reaction to the preceeding Buddhist schools in Japan. In the second part it deduces a set of criteria for defining "Zen Arts" from the general trends in taste at that time. And in the third part, it compares the differences in architecture, landscape design and painting before and after the influence of Zen. It follows the changes in development of specific components and techniques of these art forms and on this basis it determines what are the key Zen Buddhism thoughts that are expressed by that and how.