In recent years, a considerable amount of research has been conducted in modelling non-functional requirements (NFR) or Quality Requirements (QR). However, in comparison with functional requirements (FR) modelling, QR models are still immature and have not been widely adopted. The fundamental reason for this shortfall outlined in this thesis is that the existing QR modelling approaches have not adequately considered the challenging nature of QRs. In this thesis, this limitation is addressed through integrating QR modelling with FR modelling in a multi-perspective modelling framework. This framework, thus called QRMF (Quality Requirements Modelling Framework), is developed offering a process-oriented approach to modelling QR from different views and at different phases of requirement. These models are brought together in a descriptive representation schema, which represents a logical structure to guide the construction of requirement models comprehensively and with consistency. The research presented in the thesis introduces a generic meta-meta model for QRMF to aid understanding the abstract concepts and further guide the modelling process; it offers a reference blueprint to develop a modelling tool applicable to the framework. QRMF is supported by a modelling process, which guides requirement engineers to capture a set of complete, traceable and comprehensible QR models for software system. The thesis presents a case study, which evaluates the practicality and applicability of the QRMF. Finally, the framework is evaluated theoretically, through comparing and contrasting related approaches found in the literature.

Building performance simulations [BPS] tools are important in all the design stages, mainly in the early ones. However, some barriers such as time, resources and expertise do not contribute to their implementation in architecture offices. This research aimed to develop regression models (meta-models) to assess the thermal discomfort in a Brazilian low-cost house [LCH] during early design. They predicted the degree-hours of discomfort by heat and/or by cold as function of the design parameters changes for three Brazilian cities: Curitiba/PR, São Paulo/SP, and Manaus/AM. This work focused on using the meta-models to evaluate the impact of the parameters related to natural ventilation strategies on thermal performance in LCH. The analyzed Brazilian LCH consisted in a naturally ventilated representative unit developed based on the collected data. The most influential parameters in thermal performance, namely as key design parameters, were building orientation, shading devices positions and sizes, thermal material properties of the walls and roof constructive systems as well as window-to-wall ratios (WWR) and effective window ventilation areas (EWVA). The methodology was divided into: (a) collecting projects of Brazilian LCH, and based on that a base model that was able to represent them was proposed, (b) defining the key design parameters and their ranges, in order to compose the design space to be considered, (c) simulating thermal performance using EnergyPlus coupled with a Monte Carlo framework to randomly sample the design space considered, (d) using the greater part of the simulation results to develop the meta-models, (e)using the remaining portion to validate them, and (f) applying the meta-models in a simple design configuration in order to test their potential as a support design tool. Overall, the meta-models showed R2 values higher than 0.95 for all climates. Except for the regression models to predict discomfort by heat for Curitiba (R2 =0.61) and São Paulo (R2 =0.74). In their application, the models showed consistent predictions for WWR variations, but unexpected patterns for EWVA. / Simulações do desempenho de edificações são ferramentas importantes em todo processo de desenvolvimento do projeto, especialmente nas etapas iniciais. No entanto, barreiras como tempo, custo e conhecimento especializado impedem a implementação de tais ferramentas nos escritórios de arquitetura. A presente pesquisa se propôs a desenvolver modelos de regressão (meta-modelos) para avaliar o desconforto térmico em uma habitação de interesse social [HIS] brasileira. Estes meta - modelos predizem os graus-hora de desconforto por calor ou por frio em função de alterações nos parâmetros de projeto para três cidades brasileiras: Curitiba/PR, São Paulo/SP e Manaus/AM. O foco deste trabalho é o uso dos meta-modelos para avaliar o impacto de parâmetros relacionados com estratégias de ventilação natural no conforto térmico em HIS. A HIS brasileira analisada consistiu em uma unidade representativa, naturalmente ventilada e desenvolvida baseada em dados coletados. Os parâmetros que mais influenciam o conforto térmico, nomeados parâmetroschave de projeto foram: orientação da edificação, posição e tamanho das proteções solares, propriedades térmicas dos sistemas construtivos das paredes e do telhado, assim como, áreas de janela nas fachadas e áreas efetiva de abertura. A metodologia foi dividida em: (a) coleta de projetos de HIS brasileiras que embasaram a proposição de um modelobase que os representassem, (b) definição dos parâmetros chave de projeto e suas faixas de variação, a fim de compor o universo de projeto a ser explorado, (c) simulações térmicas usando o EnergyPlus acoplado com uma ferramenta de Monte Carlo para variar randomicamente o universo de projeto considerado, (d) uso da maior parte dos resultados das simulações para o desenvolvimento dos meta-modelos,(e) uso da porção remanescente para a validação dos meta-modelos e (f) aplicação dos meta-modelos em uma simples configuração de projeto, visando testar o seu potencial como ferramenta de suporte de projeto. De modo geral, os meta-modelos apresentaram R2 superiores a 0,95 para todos os climas, exceto os meta-modelos para predizer desconforto por calor para Curitiba (R2 =0,61) e São Paulo (R2 =0,74). Na fase de aplicação, os modelos mostraram predições consistentes para variações na área de janela na fachada, mas incoerências para variações nas áreas efetiva de abertura.

A la différence de la conception numérique, la conception analogique souffre d’un réel retard au niveau de la solution logicielle qui permet une conception à la fois rapide et fiable. Le dimensionnement de circuits analogiques exige en effet un nombre assez élevé de simulations et de vérifications et dépend beaucoup de l’expertise du concepteur. Pour pallier à ce retard, des outils de conception automatique basés sur des algorithmes d’optimisation locale et globale sont développés. Ces outils restent encore immatures car ils n’offrent que des réponses partielles aux questions du dimensionnement, alors que l’obtention d’un dimensionnement optimal d’un circuit analogique en un temps raisonnable reste toujours un enjeu majeur. La réduction du temps de conception de circuits analogiques intégrés nécessite la mise en place de méthodologies permettant une conception systématique et automatisable sur certaines étapes. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons travaillé suivant trois approches. Il s’agit d’abord de l’approche méthodologique. A ce niveau nous préconisons une approche hiérarchique descendante « top-down ». Cette dernière consiste à partitionner le système à dimensionner en sous blocs de fonctions élémentaires dont les spécifications sont directement héritées des spécifications du niveau système. Ensuite, nous avons cherché à réduire le temps de conception à travers l’exploration de solutions optimales à l’aide des algorithmes hybrides. Nous avons cherché à profiter de la rapidité de la recherche globale et de la précision de la recherche locale. L’intérêt des algorithmes de recherche hybride réside dans le fait qu’ils permettent d’effectuer une exploration efficace de l’espace de conception du circuit sans avoir besoin d’une connaissance préalable d’un dimensionnement initial. Ce qui peut être très intéressant pour un concepteur débutant. Enfin, nous avons travaillé sur l’accélération du temps des simulations en proposant l’utilisation des méta-modèles. Ceux-ci présentent un temps de simulation beaucoup plus réduit que celui des simulations des modèles électriques. Les méta-modèles sont obtenus automatiquement depuis une extraction des résultats des simulations électriques. / Contrary to digital design, analog design suffers from a real delay in the software solution that enables fast and reliable design. In this PhD, three approaches are proposed. The first is the methodological approach. At this level we recommend a "top-down" hierarchical approach. It consists of partitioning the system to size into sub-blocks of elementary functions whose specifications are directly inherited from the system level specification. Next, we aimed to reduce design time through the exploration of optimal solutions using hybrid algorithms. We attempted to take advantage of the rapid global search and local search accuracy. The interest of hybrid search algorithms is that they allow to conduct effective exploration of the design space of the circuit without the need for prior knowledge of an initial design. This can be very useful for a beginner designer. Finally, we worked on the acceleration of time simulations proposing the use of meta-models which present a more reduced time than electrical simulation models. Meta-models are obtained automatically from extracting results of electrical simulations.

Modern software is built by teams of developers that work in a collaborative environment. The goal of this kind of development is that multiple developers can work in parallel. They can alter a set of shared artifacts and inspect and integrate the source code changes of other developers. For example, bug fixes, enhancements, new features or adaptations due to changing environment might be integrated into the system release. At a technical level, a collaborative development process is supported by version control systems. Since these version control systems allow developers to work in their own branch, merging and integration have become an integral part of the development process. These systems use automatic and advanced merging techniques to help developers to merge their modifications in the development repositories. However, these techniques do not guarantee to have a functional system. While the use of branching in the development process offers numerous advantages, the activity of merging and integrating changes is hampered by the lack of comprehensive support to assist developers in these activities. For example, the integration of changes can have an unexpected impact on the design or behavior of the system, leading to the introduction of subtle bugs. Furthermore, developers are not supported when integrating changes across branches (cherry picking), when dealing with branches that have diverged, when finding the dependencies between changes, or when assessing the potential impact of changes. In this dissertation we present an approach that aims at alleviating these problems by providing developers and, more precisely, integrators with semi-automated support for assisted integration within a branch and across branches. We focus on helping integrators with their information needs when understanding and integrating changes by means of characterizations of changes and streams of changes (i.e., sequence of successive changes within a branch) together with their dependencies. These characterizations rely on the first-class representation of systems' histories and changes based on program entities and their relationships rather than on files and text. For this, we provide a family of meta-models (Ring, RingH, RingS and RingC) that offer us the representation of program entities, systems' histories, changes and their dependencies, along with analyses for version comparison, and change and dependency identification. Instances of these meta-models are then used by our proposed tool support to enable integrators to analyze the characterizations and changes. Torch, a visual tool, and JET, a set of tools, actually provide the information needs to assist integration within a branch and across branches by means of the characterization of changes and streams of changes respectively.

L'objectif de cette thèse est de fournir des méthodes et outils numériques dédiés à la conception préliminaire de systèmes multi-physiques, avec une attention particulière quant à l'évaluation des transferts thermiques mis en jeu dans les actionneurs et les systèmes électriques embarqués. Ce besoin émane de la recherche industrielle actuelle menant au développement de l'avion plus électrique ("More Electrical Aircraft " - MEA), qui met en œuvre de nouvelles technologies de systèmes embarqués où la gestion thermique de tels dispositifs est primordiale. Dans un premier temps, cette thèse propose une méthodologie basée sur l'analyse dimensionnelle et les modèles de substitution pour générer des modèles analytiques à partir de simulations éléments finis. De plus, une méthodologie de génération de plans d'expériences optimaux adaptée à l'utilisation du formalisme adimensionnel est également proposée. Dans un deuxième temps, deux approches numériques permettant de réduire le nombre de variables adimensionnelles d'un problème et d'étudier leur significativité physique sont proposées. La première approche utilise l'analyse de sensibilité d'une façon originale pour mettre en avant la significativité des nombres adimensionnels du problème considéré. La deuxième approche fait appel à des algorithmes d'optimisation pour réduire le nombre de variables adimensionnelles d'un problème. Enfin, les méthodes proposées ont été appliquées avec succès pour modéliser les composants d'un actionneur électromécanique d'aileron (moteur électrique de type brushless, carter mécanique), et d'un convertisseur de puissance électrique (condensateur, inductance, dissipateur) utilisé dans le contexte aéronautique. / The objective of this thesis is to develop methods and tools dedicated to the preliminary design of multi-physical systems, with a particular attention to the thermal modelling of actuators and embedded electrical systems. This need arises from the current industrial research which led to the More Electrical Aircraft program (MEA), which deals with new technologies of embedded systems where the thermal management of such devices is essential. First of all, this thesis proposes a methodology based on dimensional analysis and surrogate modelling technique to generate analytical models from finite element simulations. Furthermore, a methodology for constructing optimal design of experiments intended for building surrogate models using dimensionless variables is also proposed. Finaly, two numerical approaches which enable to reduce the number of dimensionless variables of a problem and to study their physical significance are proposed. The first approach uses sensitivity analysis in an original way to highlight the physical significance of the dimensionless numbers for a considered problem. The second approach uses optimization algorithms to reduce the number of dimensionless variables. In the second part of the thesis, the proposed methods were successfully applied to model several components of an electromechanical actuator (EMA) of an aileron (electrical brushless motor, mechanical housing, etc.), and of a power converter (capacitor, inductance, heatsink) used in an aeronautical context.

Building performance simulations [BPS] tools are important in all the design stages, mainly in the early ones. However, some barriers such as time, resources and expertise do not contribute to their implementation in architecture offices. This research aimed to develop regression models (meta-models) to assess the thermal discomfort in a Brazilian low-cost house [LCH] during early design. They predicted the degree-hours of discomfort by heat and/or by cold as function of the design parameters changes for three Brazilian cities: Curitiba/PR, São Paulo/SP, and Manaus/AM. This work focused on using the meta-models to evaluate the impact of the parameters related to natural ventilation strategies on thermal performance in LCH. The analyzed Brazilian LCH consisted in a naturally ventilated representative unit developed based on the collected data. The most influential parameters in thermal performance, namely as key design parameters, were building orientation, shading devices positions and sizes, thermal material properties of the walls and roof constructive systems as well as window-to-wall ratios (WWR) and effective window ventilation areas (EWVA). The methodology was divided into: (a) collecting projects of Brazilian LCH, and based on that a base model that was able to represent them was proposed, (b) defining the key design parameters and their ranges, in order to compose the design space to be considered, (c) simulating thermal performance using EnergyPlus coupled with a Monte Carlo framework to randomly sample the design space considered, (d) using the greater part of the simulation results to develop the meta-models, (e)using the remaining portion to validate them, and (f) applying the meta-models in a simple design configuration in order to test their potential as a support design tool. Overall, the meta-models showed R2 values higher than 0.95 for all climates. Except for the regression models to predict discomfort by heat for Curitiba (R2 =0.61) and São Paulo (R2 =0.74). In their application, the models showed consistent predictions for WWR variations, but unexpected patterns for EWVA. / Simulações do desempenho de edificações são ferramentas importantes em todo processo de desenvolvimento do projeto, especialmente nas etapas iniciais. No entanto, barreiras como tempo, custo e conhecimento especializado impedem a implementação de tais ferramentas nos escritórios de arquitetura. A presente pesquisa se propôs a desenvolver modelos de regressão (meta-modelos) para avaliar o desconforto térmico em uma habitação de interesse social [HIS] brasileira. Estes meta - modelos predizem os graus-hora de desconforto por calor ou por frio em função de alterações nos parâmetros de projeto para três cidades brasileiras: Curitiba/PR, São Paulo/SP e Manaus/AM. O foco deste trabalho é o uso dos meta-modelos para avaliar o impacto de parâmetros relacionados com estratégias de ventilação natural no conforto térmico em HIS. A HIS brasileira analisada consistiu em uma unidade representativa, naturalmente ventilada e desenvolvida baseada em dados coletados. Os parâmetros que mais influenciam o conforto térmico, nomeados parâmetroschave de projeto foram: orientação da edificação, posição e tamanho das proteções solares, propriedades térmicas dos sistemas construtivos das paredes e do telhado, assim como, áreas de janela nas fachadas e áreas efetiva de abertura. A metodologia foi dividida em: (a) coleta de projetos de HIS brasileiras que embasaram a proposição de um modelobase que os representassem, (b) definição dos parâmetros chave de projeto e suas faixas de variação, a fim de compor o universo de projeto a ser explorado, (c) simulações térmicas usando o EnergyPlus acoplado com uma ferramenta de Monte Carlo para variar randomicamente o universo de projeto considerado, (d) uso da maior parte dos resultados das simulações para o desenvolvimento dos meta-modelos,(e) uso da porção remanescente para a validação dos meta-modelos e (f) aplicação dos meta-modelos em uma simples configuração de projeto, visando testar o seu potencial como ferramenta de suporte de projeto. De modo geral, os meta-modelos apresentaram R2 superiores a 0,95 para todos os climas, exceto os meta-modelos para predizer desconforto por calor para Curitiba (R2 =0,61) e São Paulo (R2 =0,74). Na fase de aplicação, os modelos mostraram predições consistentes para variações na área de janela na fachada, mas incoerências para variações nas áreas efetiva de abertura.

Lorsqu’un bâtiment d’un centre de production d’électricité est frappé par la foudre, il se produit une dangereuse circulation de courants dans tous les composants connectés au bâtiment: les murs, le réseau de terre, et les câbles sortant du bâtiment. L’intérêt du présent travail est d’étudier les tensions transitoires aux extrémités de ces câbles, en particulier des câbles contrôle mesure, dans la mesure où ces câbles sont connectés à des équipements électroniques susceptibles d’être endommagés par des perturbations électromagnétiques engendrées par la foudre. Une approche basée sur la résolution numérique des équations de Maxwell via une méthode FDTD est adoptée. Notamment le formalisme de Holland et Simpson est utilisé pour modéliser toutes les structures constituées d’un réseau de fils minces: l’armature métallique du bâtiment, la grille en cuivre du réseau de terre, la galerie de béton et le câble coaxial de contrôle mesure. Une validation des modèles électromagnétiques développés pour chaque composant du site industriel est présentée. Une analyse de sensibilité est conduite pour déterminer l’influence des paramètres du système. En outre, la technique des plans d’expérience est utilisée pour générer un méta-modèle qui prédit la tension maximale induite aux extrémités du câble en fonction des paramètres les plus influents. Cela représentent un outil de calcul précis et informatiquement efficace pour évaluer la performance foudre des câbles de contrôle et de mesure. / When lightning strikes a building in a Power Generation Center, dangerous currents propagates through all the components connected to the building structure: The walls, the grounding grid, and the cables leaving the building. It is the interest of this work to study the transient voltages at the terminations of these cables external to the building.Particularly, the Instrumentation and Measure (IM) cables, since they are connected to electronic equipment susceptible of damage or malfunctioning due to lightning ElectroMagnetic perturbations. A full wave approach based on the numerical solution of Maxwell’s equations through the FDTD algorithm is adopted. Notably, the formalism of Holland and Simpson is used to model all the structures composed of thin wires: the building steel structure, the grounding copper grid, the concrete cable ducts and the coaxial IM cables. A validation of the model developed for each component is presented. A sensitivity analysis is performed in order to the determine the main parameters that configure the problem. Also, the Design of Experiments (DoE) technique is used to generate a meta-model that predicts the peak induced voltages in the cable terminations, as a function of the main parameters that configure the industrial site. This represents an accurate, and computationally efficient tool to assess lightning performance of IM cables.

During the assembly process of battery packs for electric vehicles, it is crucial to ensure that the cell-to-busbar joints can be produced with high quality, good reliability, and with minimal impact on the individual battery cells. This thesis project investigates the influence of different process parameters on the joint quality for laser welded dissimilar material cell-to-busbar joints. Nickel plated copper and steel plates, joined in an overlap configuration, are used as a simplified geometry, representing a cell-to-busbar joint. By the utilization of artificial neural network-based meta models, trained on numerical results from computational fluid dynamics simulations of the laser welding process, the joint quality is predicted and evaluated. The present thesis investigates how a set of optimized process parameters can be identified for the considered laser welded dissimilar material cell-to-busbar joints, in order to simultaneously maximize the interface width for the joints, and minimize the formation of undercuts and resulting in-process temperatures. NSGA-II is used to efficiently search for trade-off solutions, in an meta model-based multi-objective optimization approach, where the meta models are used to approximate the objectives, corresponding to the joint quality obtained from computational fluid dynamics simulations. With this, the time for one objective evaluation is reduced from approximately 9 hours, when the objectives are evaluated directly from computational fluid dynamics simulations, to only tenths of a second. With the proposed optimization approach, the Pareto-optimal front of trade-off solutions is identified, leading to the selection of three optimal solutions for validation. The validity of the proposed optimization approach, and the selected optimal solutions, are confirmed by means of both physical laser welding experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations. It is shown that the selected optimal solutions, corresponding to three parameter setups, can be used to produce joints with large interface width and low in-process temperatures, without achieving a full penetration in the lower plate of the joint.

Cette thèse en informatique se situe dans le domaine des Environnements Informatiques pour l’Apprentissage Humain (EIAH). Dans ce cadre, nous avons abordé la question de la personnalisation de l’apprentissage. Nos travaux de recherche consistaient à identifier un processus qui permette à la fois de personnaliser des séances de travail sur papier et des séances de travail sur des logiciels pédagogiques. Nous souhaitions que ce processus permette de prendre en compte les spécificités de chaque apprenant en s’appuyant sur son profil, mais qu’il prenne également en compte les buts et les habitudes pédagogiques des enseignants. Enfin, nous souhaitions que ce processus soit implémentable dans un système externe aux logiciels à personnaliser. Notre problématique s’est donc décomposée en trois points : comment exploiter les profils d’apprenants pour prendre en compte les individualités des apprenants ? Comment adapter une activité pour prendre en compte les besoins et habitudes pédagogiques d’un enseignant ? Et enfin, comment attribuer une activité à un apprenant ? Pour répondre au premier point, nous avons proposé le modèle cPMDL. Ce complément du langage de modélisation des profils PMDL permet de contraindre les profils des apprenants afin de sélectionner ceux ayant les caractéristiques requises par les contraintes. cPMDL nous permet donc d’exploiter les informations contenues dans les profils au sein du processus de personnalisation. Pour répondre au deuxième point, nous avons proposé l’approche GEPPETO. Cette approche s’appuie sur des modèles et des processus génériques permettant d’adapter les activités en fonction des intentions pédagogiques des enseignants grâce à la définition de contraintes sur les activités. Nous avons décliné cette approche pour permettre l’adaptation des activités papier (GEPPETOP), ainsi que pour l’adaptation des activités logicielles et de la configuration des environnements qui les supportent (GEPPETOS). Pour répondre au troisième point, nous avons proposé le modèle PERSUA2 qui permet de lier les contraintes sur profils de cPMDL aux contraintes sur activités de GEPPETO. Ces liens, nommés règles d’affectation, sont ensuite hiérarchisés selon leur degré de priorité pour former une stratégie pédagogique qui sera associée { un ou plusieurs contextes d’utilisation. Nous avons mis en oeuvre ces différentes contributions théoriques dans Adapte, un module de l’environnement informatique du projet PERLEA. Le rôle de cet environnement est d’assister l’enseignant dans la gestion de profils créés par l’enseignant lui-même ou issus de logiciels pédagogiques. Adapte est l’une des exploitations possibles des profils : le module réalisé permet de fournir à chaque apprenant des activités adaptées à son profil tout en respectant les choix pédagogiques de son enseignant. Ces activités peuvent être des activités papier proposées par le système ou des activités logicielles personnalisées par Adapte, mais effectuées dans un autre EIAH. Ce module, pleinement opérationnel, a montré la faisabilité technique de nos contributions théoriques et nous a permis de conduire des mises à l'essai auprès d'enseignants / This thesis in computer science belongs to the field of Interactive Learning Environments (ILE). In this context, we have addressed the issue of personalization of learning. Our research has consisted in identifying a process allowing one to personalize both paper working sessions and working sessions on educational software. Our goal was to design a process able to take into account the specificities of each learner, based on their profiles, but also to take into account the pedagogical goals and habits of teachers. Moreover, we had to design this process such as it could be easily implemented in a software external to the system being personalized. Our problem was therefore decomposed into three points: how to use learners’ profiles to take the individuality of learners into account? How to adapt a pedagogical activity to take the teaching needs and habits of a teacher into account? And finally, how to assign an activity to a learner? To answer the first point, we have proposed the cPMDL model. This complement of the profiles modelling language PMDL allows one to constrain the learners’ profiles to select those with the characteristics required by the constraints. cPMDL allows us to exploit the information contained in the profiles during the personalization process. To answer the second point, we have proposed the GEPPETO approach. This approach relies on generic models and processes to adapt activities according to the teachers' intentions, by defining constraints on activities. We have instantiated this approach to enable on the one hand the adaptation of paper activities (GEPPETOP) and on the other hand to enable the adaptation of software activities and the adaptation of configuration of environments that support them (GEPPETOS). To address the third point, we have proposed the PERSUA2 model which links cPMDL constraints on profiles with GEPPETO constraints on activities. Next, these links, called assignment rules, are organized into a hierarchy according to their priority degree in order to form a pedagogical strategy. This pedagogical strategy is then associated with one or more contexts of use. We have implemented these different theoretical contributions in Adapte, a module of the environment associated to the PERLEA project. The role of this environment is to assist teachers in the management of profiles created by themselves or coming from pedagogical software. Adapte is one of the possible uses of profiles: the module developed provides each learner with activities suited to their profiles, while respecting the teaching choices of the teacher. These activities may be paper activities proposed by the system or software activities personalized by Adapte but made within another ILE. This module, fully operational, has demonstrated the technical feasibility of our theoretical contributions and has allowed us to conduct experiment with teachers.

Cette thèse a pour objectif d’apporter un ensemble d’outils logiciels s’inscrivant dans une méthodologie globale de conception de systèmes mécatroniques. Elle arrive en complément de travaux déjà menés au sein du laboratoire sur le pré-dimensionnement d’actionneurs aéronautiques de nouvelle génération : les actionneurs électromécaniques (EMA). Cette technologie apporte de nouvelles problématiques qui forcent les ingénieurs à modifier leur processus de développement et ce dès la phase de spécification où des profils de mission devront être générés/transformés/analysés de manière à simplifier la conception et assurer leur validation. Une toolbox Simulink a donc été créée dans cette thèse pour répondre à ce besoin de transformation de l’information entre avionneur et systémier. Comme tout système embarqué, le concepteur fait face à des compromis entre performances, durée de vie et intégration, qui peuvent se résumer à un problème d’optimisation décrit par un ensemble d’équations et de contraintes. Un effort particulier de description a été mené sur le conditionnement de ces équations sous la forme d’un séquencement de calculs explicites adaptés aux algorithmes d’optimisation. La méthode et son implémentation logicielle, toutes deux basées sur la théorie des graphes, interagissent avec le concepteur de manière à l’informer des erreurs de singularité ou de bouclages algébriques apparaissant dans son problème et à lui fournir des pistes de résolution. Pour finir, des études de pré-dimensionnement d’actionneurs de train d’atterrissage et de surfaces de vol primaires (aileron et spoiler), réalisées dans le cadre de cette thèse, dresseront les possibilités offertes par cette approche innovante : conception intégrée avec une cinématique complexe, conception collaborative pluri-partenaires découplée, utilisation de surfaces de réponse pour accélérer l’optimisation / The aim of this thesis is to bring a package of software tools included in a whole methodology dealing with mechatronic systems design. It comes as an add-on to the work already carried out at the laboratory in the field of the new generation of aircraft actuation systems: electromechanical actuators (EMA). This technology triggers new problematics leading the engineers to modify their development process as early as the specification phase, when mission profiles have to be generated/transformed/analyzed in order to simplify the design and ensure the validation step. Thus a Simulink toolbox has been created to meet the need for an information translator working as an intermediate between airframer and system-supplier. As for all the embedded systems, the designer has to face some performance-lifetime-integration trade-off, which can be considered as an optimization problem described by a set of equations and constraints. Particular attention is paid here to the conditioning of those explicit equations in order to obtain a standardized calculation sequence adapted to many optimization algorithms. The method and implemented software, both based on the graph theory, interact with the designer to inform him on the possible singularity and algebraic loop issues, providing some leads for their resolution. Finally, some preliminary sizing studies of landing gear and primary flight control surfaces (aileron and spoiler) actuation systems are presented to highlight the possibilities brought out by this innovative approach: integrated design with complex kinematics, collaborative multi-partners design, use of response surfaces to speed up the optimization