This study focuses on developing explicit analytical and numerical process models for mechanical micro-machining of heterogeneous materials. These models are used to select suitable process parameters for preparing and micro-machining of these advanced materials. The material system studied in this research is Magnesium Metal Matrix Composites (Mg-MMCs) reinforced with nano-sized and micro-sized silicon carbide (SiC) particles. This research is motivated by increasing demands of miniaturized components with high mechanical performance in various industries. Mg-MMCs become one of the best candidates due to its light weight, high strength, and high creep/wear resistance. However, the improved strength and abrasive nature of the reinforcements bring great challenges for the subsequent micro-machining process. Systematic experimental investigations on the machinability of Mg-MMCs reinforced with SiC nano-particles have been conducted. The nanocomposites containing 5 Vol.%, 10 Vol.% and 15 Vol.% reinforcements, as well as pure magnesium, are studied by using the Design of Experiment (DOE) method. Cutting forces, surface morphology and surface roughness are characterized to understand the machinability of the four materials. Based on response surface methodology (RSM) design, experimental models and related contour plots have been developed to build a connection between different materials properties and cutting parameters. Those models can be used to predict the cutting force, the surface roughness, and then optimize the machining process. An analytical cutting force model has been developed to predict cutting forces of MgMMCs reinforced with nano-sized SiC particles in the micro-milling process. This model is iv different from previous ones by encompassing the behaviors of reinforcement nanoparticles in three cutting scenarios, i.e., shearing, ploughing and elastic recovery. By using the enhanced yield strength in the cutting force model, three major strengthening factors are incorporated, including load-bearing effect, enhanced dislocation density strengthening effect and Orowan strengthening effect. In this way, the particle size and volume fraction, as significant factors affecting the cutting forces, are explicitly considered. In order to validate the model, various cutting conditions using different size end mills (100 µm and 1 mm dia.) have been conducted on Mg-MMCs with volume fraction from 0 (pure magnesium) to 15 Vol.%. The simulated cutting forces show a good agreement with the experimental data. The proposed model can predict the major force amplitude variations and force profile changes as functions of the nanoparticles’ volume fraction. Next, a systematic evaluation of six ductile fracture models has been conducted to identify the most suitable fracture criterion for micro-scale cutting simulations. The evaluated fracture models include constant fracture strain, Johnson-Cook, Johnson-Cook coupling criterion, Wilkins, modified Cockcroft-Latham, and Bao-Wierzbicki fracture criterion. By means of a user material subroutine (VUMAT), these fracture models are implemented into a Finite Element (FE) orthogonal cutting model in ABAQUS/Explicit platform. The local parameters (stress, strain, fracture factor, velocity fields) and global variables (chip morphology, cutting forces, temperature, shear angle, and machined surface integrity) are evaluated. Results indicate that by coupling with the damage evolution, the capability of Johnson-Cook and Bao-Wierzbicki can be further extended to predict accurate chip morphology. Bao-Wierzbiki-based coupling model provides the best simulation results in this study. v The micro-cutting performance of MMCs materials has also been studied by using FE modeling method. A 2-D FE micro-cutting model has been constructed. Firstly, homogenized material properties are employed to evaluate the effect of particles’ volume fraction. Secondly, micro-structures of the two-phase material are modeled in FE cutting models. The effects of the existing micro-sized and nano-sized ceramic particles on micro-cutting performance are carefully evaluated in two case studies. Results show that by using the homogenized material properties based on Johnson-Cook plasticity and fracture model with damage evolution, the micro-cutting performance of nano-reinforced Mg-MMCs can be predicted. Crack generation for SiC particle reinforced MMCs is different from their homogeneous counterparts; the effect of micro-sized particles is different from the one of nano-sized particles. In summary, through this research, a better understanding of the unique cutting mechanism for particle reinforced heterogeneous materials has been obtained. The effect of reinforcements on micro-cutting performance is obtained, which will help material engineers tailor suitable material properties for special mechanical design, associated manufacturing method and application needs. Moreover, the proposed analytical and numerical models provide a guideline to optimize process parameters for preparing and micro-machining of heterogeneous MMCs materials. This will eventually facilitate the automation of MMCs’ machining process and realize high-efficiency, high-quality, and low-cost manufacturing of composite materials.

No description available.

Vielschichtige Eigenschaftsprofile benötigen zunehmend moderne Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde einschließlich der raschen Entfaltung neuer Fertigungstechnologien, da der monolithische Werkstoff bzw. ein einziger Werkstoff den heutigen komplexen Anforderungen nicht mehr genügen kann. Zukünftige Werkstoffsysteme haben wirtschaftlich eine Schlüsselposition und sind auf den Wachstumsmärkten von grundlegender Bedeutung. Gefragt sind maßgeschneiderte Leichtbauwerkstoffe (tailor-made composites) mit einem adaptierten Design. Dazu müssen Konzepte entwickelt werden, um die Kombination der Komponenten optimal zu gestalten. Das erfordert werkstoffspezifisches Wissen und Korrelationsvermögen sowie die Gestaltung komplexer Technologien, auch unter dem Aspekt der kontinuierlichen Massen- und Großserienfertigung (in-line, in-situ) und damit der Kostenreduzierung bislang teurer Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird in vergleichbarer und vergleichender Art und Weise sowie abstrahierter Form ein Bogen über das Gesamtgebiet der Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde gespannt. Eine zusammenfassende Publikation über dieses noch sehr junge, aber bereits breit aufgestellte Wissenschaftsgebiet fehlt bislang. Das ist der Separierung der einzelnen, fest aufgeteilten Gruppierungen der Verbundwerkstoffe geschuldet. Querverbindungen werden selten hergestellt. Dieses Defizit in einem gewissen Maße auszugleichen, ist Ziel der Arbeit. Besondere Berücksichtigung finden Begriffsbestimmungen und Klassifikationen, Herstellungsverfahren und Eigenschaften der Werkstoffe. Es werden klare Strukturierungen und Übersichten herausgearbeitet. Zuordnungen von etablierten und neuen Technologien sollen zur Begriffsstabilität der Terminologien „Mischbauweise“ und „Hybrider Verbund“ beitragen. Zudem wird die Problematik „Recycling und Recyclingtechnologien“ diskutiert. Zusammenfassend werden Handlungsfelder zukünftiger Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekte spezifiziert. Aus dem Blickwinkel der verschiedenen Herstellungsrouten insbesondere für Halbzeuge und Bauteile und der dabei gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden verallgemeinerte Konzepte für tailor-made Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde vorgeschlagen („Stellschraubenschema“). Diese allgemeinen Werkstoffkonzepte werden auf eigene aktuelle Forschungsprojekte der Schwerpunktthemen Metallmatrix- und Polymermatrix-Verbundwerkstoffe sowie der hybriden Werkstoffverbunde appliziert. Forschungsfelder für zukünftige Projekte werden abgeleitet. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt den hybriden Verbunden als tragende Säule zukünftiger Entwicklungen im Leichtbau. Hier spielen in-line- und in-situ-Prozesse eine entscheidende Rolle für eine großseriennahe, kosteneffiziente und ressourcenschonende Produktion. / Complex property profiles require increasingly advanced composite materials and material compounds, including the rapid deployment of new production technologies, because the monolithic material or a single material can no longer satisfy today's complex requirements. Future material systems are fundamentally important to growth markets, in which they have an economically key position. Tailor-made lightweight materials (tailor-made composites) with an adapted design are needed. These concepts have to be developed to design the optimum combination of components. This requires material-specific knowledge and the ability to make correlations, as well as the design of complex technologies. Continuous large-scale and mass production (in-line, in-situ), thus reducing the costs of previously expensive composite materials and material compounds, is also necessary. The present work spans the entire field of composite materials and material compounds in a comparable and comparative manner and abstract form. A summarizing publication on this still very new, but already broad-based scientific field is not yet available. The separation of the individual, firmly divided groups of the composite materials is the reason for this. Cross-connections are rarely made. The objective of this work is to compensate to some extent for this deficiency. Special consideration is given to definitions and classifications, manufacturing processes and the properties of the materials. Clear structures and overviews are presented. Mapping established and new technologies will contribute to the stability of the terms "mixed material compounds" and "hybrid material compounds". In addition, the problem of recycling and recycling technologies is discussed. In summary, areas for future research and development projects will be specified. Generalized concepts for tailor-made composite materials and material compounds are proposed ("adjusting screw scheme") with an eye toward various production routes, especially for semi-finished products and components, and the associated findings. These general material concepts are applied to own current research projects pertaining to metal-matrix and polymer-matrix composites and hybrid material compounds. Research fields for future projects are extrapolated. Particular attention is paid to hybrid material compounds as the mainstay of future developments in lightweight construction. In-line and in-situ processes play a key role for large-scale, cost- and resource-efficient production.

Vielschichtige Eigenschaftsprofile benötigen zunehmend moderne Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde einschließlich der raschen Entfaltung neuer Fertigungstechnologien, da der monolithische Werkstoff bzw. ein einziger Werkstoff den heutigen komplexen Anforderungen nicht mehr genügen kann. Zukünftige Werkstoffsysteme haben wirtschaftlich eine Schlüsselposition und sind auf den Wachstumsmärkten von grundlegender Bedeutung. Gefragt sind maßgeschneiderte Leichtbauwerkstoffe (tailor-made composites) mit einem adaptierten Design. Dazu müssen Konzepte entwickelt werden, um die Kombination der Komponenten optimal zu gestalten. Das erfordert werkstoffspezifisches Wissen und Korrelationsvermögen sowie die Gestaltung komplexer Technologien, auch unter dem Aspekt der kontinuierlichen Massen- und Großserienfertigung (in-line, in-situ) und damit der Kostenreduzierung bislang teurer Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird in vergleichbarer und vergleichender Art und Weise sowie abstrahierter Form ein Bogen über das Gesamtgebiet der Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde gespannt. Eine zusammenfassende Publikation über dieses noch sehr junge, aber bereits breit aufgestellte Wissenschaftsgebiet fehlt bislang. Das ist der Separierung der einzelnen, fest aufgeteilten Gruppierungen der Verbundwerkstoffe geschuldet. Querverbindungen werden selten hergestellt. Dieses Defizit in einem gewissen Maße auszugleichen, ist Ziel der Arbeit. Besondere Berücksichtigung finden Begriffsbestimmungen und Klassifikationen, Herstellungsverfahren und Eigenschaften der Werkstoffe. Es werden klare Strukturierungen und Übersichten herausgearbeitet. Zuordnungen von etablierten und neuen Technologien sollen zur Begriffsstabilität der Terminologien „Mischbauweise“ und „Hybrider Verbund“ beitragen. Zudem wird die Problematik „Recycling und Recyclingtechnologien“ diskutiert. Zusammenfassend werden Handlungsfelder zukünftiger Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekte spezifiziert. Aus dem Blickwinkel der verschiedenen Herstellungsrouten insbesondere für Halbzeuge und Bauteile und der dabei gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden verallgemeinerte Konzepte für tailor-made Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde vorgeschlagen („Stellschraubenschema“). Diese allgemeinen Werkstoffkonzepte werden auf eigene aktuelle Forschungsprojekte der Schwerpunktthemen Metallmatrix- und Polymermatrix-Verbundwerkstoffe sowie der hybriden Werkstoffverbunde appliziert. Forschungsfelder für zukünftige Projekte werden abgeleitet. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt den hybriden Verbunden als tragende Säule zukünftiger Entwicklungen im Leichtbau. Hier spielen in-line- und in-situ-Prozesse eine entscheidende Rolle für eine großseriennahe, kosteneffiziente und ressourcenschonende Produktion. / Complex property profiles require increasingly advanced composite materials and material compounds, including the rapid deployment of new production technologies, because the monolithic material or a single material can no longer satisfy today's complex requirements. Future material systems are fundamentally important to growth markets, in which they have an economically key position. Tailor-made lightweight materials (tailor-made composites) with an adapted design are needed. These concepts have to be developed to design the optimum combination of components. This requires material-specific knowledge and the ability to make correlations, as well as the design of complex technologies. Continuous large-scale and mass production (in-line, in-situ), thus reducing the costs of previously expensive composite materials and material compounds, is also necessary. The present work spans the entire field of composite materials and material compounds in a comparable and comparative manner and abstract form. A summarizing publication on this still very new, but already broad-based scientific field is not yet available. The separation of the individual, firmly divided groups of the composite materials is the reason for this. Cross-connections are rarely made. The objective of this work is to compensate to some extent for this deficiency. Special consideration is given to definitions and classifications, manufacturing processes and the properties of the materials. Clear structures and overviews are presented. Mapping established and new technologies will contribute to the stability of the terms "mixed material compounds" and "hybrid material compounds". In addition, the problem of recycling and recycling technologies is discussed. In summary, areas for future research and development projects will be specified. Generalized concepts for tailor-made composite materials and material compounds are proposed ("adjusting screw scheme") with an eye toward various production routes, especially for semi-finished products and components, and the associated findings. These general material concepts are applied to own current research projects pertaining to metal-matrix and polymer-matrix composites and hybrid material compounds. Research fields for future projects are extrapolated. Particular attention is paid to hybrid material compounds as the mainstay of future developments in lightweight construction. In-line and in-situ processes play a key role for large-scale, cost- and resource-efficient production.

L’étude a pour objectif l’amélioration de la fiabilité des assemblages électroniques à travers la mise en œuvre de drains composites aluminium/fibres de carbone. Le travail a consisté à 1) modéliser, par la méthode des éléments finis, l’influence des propriétés thermiques et mécaniques du matériau de semelle sur l’assemblage életronique ; 2) élaborer (par frittage sous charge uniaxiale, frittage flash et extrusion à chaud) des matériaux composites aluminium/fibres de carbone ; et 3) lier les microstructures observées aux paramètres des procédés d’élaboration ainsi qu’aux propriétés thermiques et mécaniques mesurées. / This study has been done in order to improve power electronic devices reliability using aluminium/carbon fibres composites. This work has consisted in 1) determining, using finite elements method, the thermal and mechanical influence of the electronic base plate material; 2) elaborating (using hot pressing, spark plasma sintering and hot extrusion) aluminium/carbon fibres composites; and 3) linking the microstructures observed to the elaboration parameters and to the thermomechanical properties measured.

Depuis de nombreuses années, la société est de plus en plus consommatrice d’énergie. Cette augmentation va de pair avec les progrès d’accès à l’énergie, une croissance démographique mondiale continue, l’amélioration de la qualité de vie et le développement de nouvelles technologies. D’après l’agence internationale de l’énergie, une hausse de cette consommation de l’ordre de 30% est prévue d’ici 2040. Près de 40% de cette consommation additionnelle pourrait être satisfaite par l’électricité ; ce qui aura un fort impact sur la distribution d’énergie. Pour la société Schneider Electric, spécialiste mondial de la gestion de l’énergie et des automatismes, la distribution d’énergie électrique est principalement assurée par des barres et des fils en cuivre. Ce métal est très largement utilisé pour de nombreux organes de raccordement, appelés objets 2D, qui servent à connecter et déconnecter les appareils. Le principal problème de ces éléments est leur dissipation d’énergie par effet Joule lors du passage du courant électrique. Ce travail de thèse a ainsi consisté à l’élaboration et l’étude d’une nouvelle génération de conducteur électrique et/ou thermique plan (2D) dans l’objectif de palier à ce problème. Pour cela, une nouvelle méthodologie de fabrication de matériaux composites Cu/C 2D a été développée. Elle est composée d’une étape de pré-traitement des poudres, d’une nouvelle technique de mélange et d’une mise en forme du matériau par compression uniaxial à chaud. Différents types de poudres métalliques (cuivre dendritique et cuivre plaquette) et poudres carbonées (graphite, graphène multi-couches, oxyde de graphène) ont été étudiés. L’orientation du renfort au sein de la matrice métallique et l’interface entre ces deux composants ont été optimisées. Cette méthodologie, associée aux caractérisations physico-chimiques des matériaux et à des modèles théoriques, a permis de mieux comprendre les paramètres clés pour l’obtention d’un matériau possédant des propriétés physiques améliorées. Ainsi, les matériaux Cu/C 2D élaborés au cours de cette thèse présentent, suivant le type renfort, une augmentation des propriétés mécaniques (allant de 36% à 120% pour la dureté Vickers), une amélioration de la conductivité thermique (variant de 8% à 56%) et une résistivité électrique cohérente en regard des propriétés du cuivre, matériau de référence. / Since several years, society has become more and more energy-consuming. This increase goes hand in hand with the progress of access to energy, continuous world population growth, the improvement of life quality and the development of new technologies. According to the International Energy Agency, an increase of this consumption of the order of 30 % is planned before 2040. About 40 % of this additional consumption could be satisfied by electricity; what will have a strong impact on the distribution of energy. For the company Schneider Electric, world specialist of the management of energy and automatisms, the distribution of electrical energy is mainly assured by copper bars and wires. This metal is widely used for many connecting organs, called 2D objects, which are used to connect and disconnect devices. The main problem of these elements is their dissipation of energy by Joule effect when passing electric current. Thus, this thesis work consisted in the elaboration and study of a new generation of electrical and/or thermal plane (2D) conductor in the objective to overcome this problem. To this end, a new methodology for manufacturing Cu/2D C composite materials has been developed. It consists of a powders pre-treatment step, a new mixing technique and a shaping of the material by uniaxial hot compression. Various types of metal powders (dendritic copper and copper platelet) and carbonaceous powders (graphite, multi-layer graphene, graphene oxide) were studied. The orientation of reinforcement within the metal matrix and the interface between these two components have been optimized. This methodology, combined with physico-chemical characterizations of materials and theoretical models, provided a better understanding of the key parameters for obtaining a material with improved physical properties. Thus, the Cu/2D C materials developed during this thesis show, depending on the type of reinforcement, an increase in mechanical properties (from 36% to 120% for the Vickers hardness), an improvement in thermal conductivity (from 8% to 56%) and an electrical resistivity consistent with the properties of copper, the reference material.

Le remplacement des systèmes de distribution d’énergie actuels dans les avions (pneumatiques, hydrauliques, mécaniques et électriques) par des systèmes 100% électriques est un enjeu majeur dans le cadre du projet de l’avion « plus électrique ». Le processus d’électrification de l’avion conduit à une augmentation de la puissance embarquée à bord des aéronefs, et par conséquent à une augmentation de la masse du réseau filaire. Afin de pallier à cette augmentation, un nouveau matériau composite possédant des propriétés électriques supérieures à celle du cuivre a été développé dans le but d’augmenter la capacité de courant admissible dans le conducteur à section constante. Ce travail de thèse présente le procédé d’élaboration du matériau composite cuivre-nanotubes de carbone développé ainsi que les techniques de caractérisation utilisées et les résultats associés. Différents paramètres tels que la qualité de la dispersion des renforts dans la matrice, le type de nanotubes de carbone utilisés (multi-parois vs mono-paroi), la nature de l’interface créée entre le cuivre et les renforts (mécanique vs chimique) ainsi que les techniques de mise en forme du matériau (pressage uni-axial à chaud, extrusion à chaud) et de post-traitements (recuit, laminage à chaud) ont été étudiés afin d’obtenir des propriétés physiques optimales. Il en résulte une augmentation des propriétés thermiques (+6,8% pour la conductivité thermique), mécaniques (+32% pour la dureté Vickers) et également électriques - pour la première fois observée- (+3,4 % pour la conductivité électrique) et ce en comparaison avec à une matrice de cuivre pur. / The substitution of the current energy chains in aircrafts (pneumatic, hydraulic, mechanical and electrical) by a 100% electrical chain is a major issue in the field of the “more electric” aircraft. The electrification process leads to an increase of the inboard power of aircrafts, and therefore to an increase of the wired network weight. To counterbalance this increase of mass, a new composite material with higher electrical properties that copper should be considered, in order to increase the current density in the conductor at constant cross section. Several parameters have been studied such as the quality of the carbon nanotubes dispersion, the type of CNTs used (single-walled vs. multi walled), the interface between the matrix and the reinforcements (mechanical vs. chemical), the shaping of material (uni-axial hot pressing, hot extrusion process) and the post treatments processes (heat treatment, hot lamination process). An enhancement of the thermal properties (+ 6.8% of thermal conductivity), the mechanical properties (+32% of Vickers hardness) and for the first time an increase of the electrical properties (+3.4 % for the electrical conductivity) have been observed in comparison with pure copper.

Les composites à matrice métallique ont été développés dans les années 60 initialement pour les besoins de l’industrie aérospatiale. De nos jours, les alliages d’Aluminium à durcissement structural sont souvent combinés à des particules céramiques afin d’atteindre des propriétés de résistance élevées, maintenues à haute température, tout en conservant la légèreté de l’alliage, pour un coût faible. Cependant, l’utilisation de ces alliages nécessite une bonne connaissance des transformations microstructurales ayant lieu lorsqu’ils sont soumis à certaines conditions de température puisque des phénomènes de précipitation ont lieu et impactent les propriétés de résistance mécanique du matériau. De plus, la présence du renfort, induit des modifications microstructurales majeures et notamment lors des phénomènes de précipitation de la matrice. Ainsi, ces travaux de thèse portent sur un alliage d’Aluminium à durcissement structural de la série 6xxx qui, durant son utilisation, peut être confronté à des températures comprises entre 100°C et 350°C, et ayant une séquence de précipitation complexifiée par la présence de Silicium en excès et de particules de renfort céramiques. Les objectifs visés par ces travaux sont alors : 1) De décrire l’évolution microstructurale de l’alliage d’AlMgSi à excès de Silicium étudié, avec et sans particules céramiques. Ensuite, l’évolution de la résistance mécanique a été caractérisée à partir d’un état T6 lors de traitements isothermes, 2) De prédire ces évolutions microstructurales et les propriétés mécaniques qui en découlent par des modèles à base physique. La précipitation des principales phases de l'alliage étudié a pu être prédite grâce un modèle à champ moyen basé sur des lois classiques de germination-croissance et par une approche par classes de type KWN, en tenant compte : 1) de la compétition entre la phase cohérente et semi-cohérente, 2) d'une morphologie en bâtonnet avec un rapport de forme variable et propre à la phase modélisée. Ce modèle a permis, de tracer le diagramme Temps-Température-Transformation de l’alliage et du composite tout en tenant compte de l'accélération des cinétiques de précipitation en présence de renfort et attribuée à la forte densité de dislocations. Pour finir, 2 méthodes de prédiction des propriétés mécaniques ont été confrontées : 1) Une approche empirique de type JMAK (Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov), 2) une approche à base physique. Malgré une prédiction proche des résultats expérimentaux par l'approche JMAK, cette méthode ne permet pas de remonter aux mécanismes physiques à l’origine des variations observées. Ainsi, l'approche à base physique basée sur le modèle de prédiction de la microstructure constitue une alternative prometteuse pour une prédiction plus précise des évolutions de propriétés de résistance mécaniques de ces matériaux même si de nombreuses adaptations restent à faire dans le cas du composite. / Precipitation-strengthened alloys as Al-Mg-Si alloys reinforced with ceramic particles are an appropriate alternative for industrial applications. The precipitation sequence in Al-Mg-Si alloys is particularly complex when Silicon is in excess with respect to the Mg2Si composition and it is expected to be modified by the presence of the ceramic reinforcement. This is why, for industrial applications, under certain use conditions, it is fundamental to be able to predict the evolution of the microstructure in the alloy and the consequences on mechanical properties. The present work is devoted to the study of an age-hardenable Al-Mg-Si aluminium alloy which, can be facing temperatures between 100°C and 350°C in use conditions. This material is characterized by a complex precipitation sequence due to Silicon-excess and ceramic particles. The main objectives of the work are the following: 1) To describe how the microstructure evolves in the Al-Mg-Si alloy with silicon excess studied, with or without reinforcement, during a long storage period at a temperature between 100°C and 350°C. Then, it appeared necessary to describe the evolution of the mechanical properties in the same conditions but starting from a T6 state (corresponding to peak aged conditions). 2) To predict these evolutions (microstructure and strength) using an appropriate model. It was highlighted that the high silicon excess in the studied alloy leads to a simultaneous precipitation of several semi-coherent phases. Their precipitation has been predicted thanks to a KWN-type model based on classical nucleation-growth theories, validated by the experiments, and implemented considering: 1) the competitive precipitation between coherent et semi-coherent phases, 2) the rod-shape morphology of precipitates with a variable aspect ratio. This model has been used for the prediction of the Time-Temperature-Transformation diagram of the alloys and its composite considering the acceleration of the precipitation kinetics observed and attributed to the high dislocation density resulting from the presence of ceramic particles. Finally, 2 methods for the mechanical properties prediction have been compared: 1) a JMAK-type empirical approach 2) a physically based approach. The JMAK approach allowed us a quicker and easier prediction of the loss of hardness from the T6 state, for alloy and composite, during isothermal and non-isothermal treatment. Despite a prediction close to the experimental results, this approach cannot give us information about the physical mechanisms responsible for the observed mechanical variations. Then, a physically based approach taking into account the predictions of the precipitation model was used for the yield stress estimation during aging with a micromechanical model. This approach gave encouraging results and could be a powerful tool for the prediction of the strength during industrial use conditions.

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:一般研究(B) 課題番号:04452280 研究代表者:金武 直幸 研究期間:1992-1993年度

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-04-04T13:36:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação_Mestrado_(Andre E. Poroca Lins)_Final.pdf: 64666922 bytes, checksum: 584e69803acfdd0b31e2b58094eb9b6c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-04T13:36:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação_Mestrado_(Andre E. Poroca Lins)_Final.pdf: 64666922 bytes, checksum: 584e69803acfdd0b31e2b58094eb9b6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-28 / Os materiais com óxido de zinco vêm passando por um rápido desenvolvimento devido as suas potenciais aplicações em uma ampla variedade de áreas tecnológicas, tais como eletrônica, catálise, cerâmica, fotodetectores, sensores, células solares, entre outras. Porém, torna-se fundamental o estudo das propriedades, condições de síntese e aplicações. Um material que vem se destacando devido as suas propriedades mecânicas, elétricas, magnéticas, ópticas e químicas é o óxido de zinco (ZnO). No óxido de zinco tais propriedades dependem principalmente do tamanho e morfologia de suas partículas. O avanço no desenvolvimento de materiais com óxido de zinco vem recebendo bastante destaque no meio científico e se tornando de fundamental importância devido à interdisciplinaridade entre vários campos da ciência, e por permitir a obtenção de novos materiais com melhores propriedades físicas e químicas. O objetivo principal desse trabalho é produzir um compósito de matriz de alumínio AA1100, reforçado com material cerâmico, o óxido de zinco (ZnO), utilizando o processo de metalurgia do pó e técnica de moagem de alta energia. Para tanto, utilizou-se a caracterização por microscopia ótica (MO), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), difração de raios X (DRX) e difração a laser para avaliar as características do compósito, além de verificar as propriedades mecânicas inerentes e constatar a superioridade em relação a materiais produzidos de forma convencional. No primeiro momento é feita a avaliação da mistura dos pós produzidos, segundo variação percentual do reforço e tempo de processamento, com o objetivo de obter dados iniciais. Em seguida, é feito o processamento das misturas dos pós para compactação e sinterização; visando obter pastilhas do compósito, nas quais serão feitas ensaios e caracterização microestrutural, e por fim avaliação de resultados e conclusões. / The zinc oxide composites materials are undergoing rapid development due to their potential applications in a wide variety of technological areas such as electronics, catalysis, ceramics, photodetectors, sensors, solar cells, among others. However, it is fundamental the studies of the properties, synthesis conditions and applications. A material that has been highlighted due to its mechanical, electrical, magnetic, optical and chemical properties is the zinc oxide (ZnO). In zinc oxide such properties mainly depend on the size and morphology of the particles. The technological progress in the development of materials with zinc oxide has been receiving a lot of attention in the scientific community and becoming of paramount importance due to several interdisciplinary fields of science, and for allowing the obtaining of new materials with improved physical and chemical properties. The main objective of this work is to produce matrix composites of aluminum alloy AA1100, reinforced with ceramic material, the zinc oxide (ZnO), the process of using powder metallurgy technique and high energy milling. For this we used the characterization by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD, and laser diffraction to evaluate and compare the features of composite, besides checking the mechanical properties and see the inherent superiority over conventionally produced material. At first assessment is made of the mixture of powders produced according to percentage change in the reinforcement and processing time, in order to obtain initial data. Then the processing is done mixtures of powders for compaction and sintering, to obtain tablets composite in which are made tests and microstructural characterization, and ultimately evaluating the results and conclusions.