A kinetic study was made of the reaction between cupric acetate and hydrogen in aqueous solution. The reaction was followed by determining the concentration of cupric acetate remaining in solution and was found to proceed in accordance with the equation 2CuAc₂ + H₂ + H₂O → Cu₂O + 4HAc The reaction was found to be second order kinetically, the rate being proportional to the concentrations of cupric acetate and molecular hydrogen. It was established that the reaction is homogeneous, both the stainless steel vessel and the cuprous oxide product being without effect. The rate increased slightly when sodium or ammonium acetate in concentrations of 0.25 moles per liter was added to the solution but remained unchanged with further addition of these salts. The rate was also independent of the concentration of acetic acid and the pH of the solution over a wide range. The activation energy was found to be 23,400 cal. per mole and the frequency factor 1.0 x 10¯¹²1.mole¯¹ sec.¯¹ corresponding to an entropy of activation of - 5.9 cal. mole¯¹ deg.¯¹. The following mechanism has been proposed to account for these kinetic results, the first step in the reaction sequence being rate determining 1. CuAc₂ + H₂ → CuAc₂ . H₂ slow 2. CuAc₂ . H₂ + CuAc₂ → 2CuAc + 2HAc fast 3. 2CuAc + H₂O → Cu₂O + 2HAc fast This appears to be the first established instance of a homogeneous hydrogenation reaction in aqueous solution. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Materials Engineering, Department of / Graduate

Ph.D. (Physics) / Compounds of rare-earth (RE) elements (Ce, Yb, Eu) as well as actinide element U with partially filled 4f or 5f shells have been receiving considerable attention in the field of low temperature studies. This stems from the diversity of magnetic ground state exhibited by the compounds. These range from non-magnetic, metallic, ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic ordered state. The nature of the ground state depends on the balance between the on-site Kondo interaction, which mostly favours a local non-magnetic singlet and also the indirect Rudderman-Kittel-Kasuya- Yosida (RKKY) exchange interactions. The interactions of the localized f moments with their environment result in the crystal electric field (CEF) effects at the rare-earth (RE) ion site which splits the free-ion ground-state multiplet. The competing energy scales of CEF splitting, Kondo and RKKY interaction cause the large variety of exceptional phenomena observed in rare earth systems, such as heavy-fermion (HF) behaviour, intermediate valence, unconventional superconductivity, and quantum criticality. Generally, the low-temperature properties of RE systems depend sensitively on the position of the undisturbed 4f state with respect to the Fermi level. Thus, the hybridization between the 4f and conduction-electron states may give rise to either an enhanced density of states (DOS) near the Fermi level in HF metals or to the formation of a gap at Fermi level in Kondo insulators. Recent considerable research interest in strongly correlated electron systems (SCES) studies has been the study of intermetallic compounds close to magnetic instability and the introduction of non-Fermi-liquid (NFL) state. NFL behaviour in f-electron systems is characterized by special power laws and logarithmic divergences in temperature of the physical properties of materials at low temperatures...

Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / While bioleaching is a proven technology for the efficient recovery of base metals from sulphide minerals, its sustenance is dependent on the continuous availability of ferric ion, Fe3+, in soluble form, in the bioleach liquor. However, the solubility of ferric ion is low at higher pH that it tends to precipitate, resulting in the formation of ferric ion precipitates. The formation of ferric ion precipitates in bio-hydrometallurgy decreases the leaching efficiency by trapping the leached metals in solution through an adsorption mechanism which is not well understood. Although the surface properties of the precipitate could be linked to its metal adsorption properties, there has not been a detailed study that gives any indication or explanation of the adsorption mechanism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of initial pH on the surface properties of ferric ion precipitate and relate this to the adsorption characteristics of the precipitate for desired metals. Biooxidation experiments catalysed by Leptospirillum ferriphilum were conducted in a CSTR with a working volume of 1L. The biooxidation experiments were conducted at pH values of 1.3, 1.5, 1.7, 1.9 and 2.2 at a constant temperature of 35 0C for 14 days. The recovered precipitates were characterized by X-ray diffraction, elemental analyses, SEM, particle size distribution (PSD) and zeta potential. Zeta potential measurements were conducted to investigate what role initial pH plays in modifying the precipitate surface charge and what role the surface charge of each precipitate plays in the nature of adsorption of copper ions onto the precipitate surface. The amount of copper adsorbed onto the precipitate was quantified by the magnitude of the change in surface charge after adsorption experiments. Quantification results showed that the amount of ferric ions precipitates formed increased from 4.31g to 13.26g with an increase in initial pH (from 1.3 to 2.2). The results also showed that significant precipitation of ferric ion occurred during the exponential phase while insignificant precipitation was observed during the stationary phase.

The aim of this dissertation thesis is to analyze marketing communication tools on a business to business market. To enhance the concreteness and added value of the paper, a real case study of the firm U. S. Steel Košice is used. The organization indends to undertake a rebranding process in near future. The first three chapters of the work fall under the theoretical part, which contains specificities of B2B marketing as opposed to B2C. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the practical part and includes analyses of the external environment and the steel industry, as well as internal analyses of the company, including its communication mix. Finally the paper presents a few workable recommendations for modern and effective strategic communication, based on the analyses executed.

Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender como os trabalhadores organizados em pequenas unidades de produção autônomas do setor metalomecânico da Serra Gaúcha reconstroem autonomia, cooperação e conhecimentos necessários ao trabalho que realizam, num contexto de reestruturação produtiva do capital pós-crise dos anos 1980 no setor. Sendo que: autonomia é a condição dos trabalhadores de criarem as próprias formas de organizar-se para o desenvolvimento do seu trabalho; o conhecimento como a compreensão conceitual ou abstrata do real, fruto da ação e da reflexão em uma determinada realidade; e a cooperação como a forma de um contingente de trabalhadores agirem coordenadamente para modificar a realidade conforme a sua objetivação. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, utilizou-se o método dialético em suas categorias básicas de analise: práxis, totalidade, contradição, mediação, particularidade e singularidade. Para a coleta dos dados empíricos, realizou-se uma observação participante e uma entrevista semiestruturada. A observação participante ocorreu em seis pequenas unidades de produção autônomas localizadas nos municípios de Canela-RS e Caxias do Sul-RS e a entrevista foi efetivada com dez metalúrgicos que trabalham nestas unidades. A análise dos dados foi baseada no referencial teórico do materialismo histórico e dialético com a intenção de situar o trabalho dos sujeitos da pesquisa no contexto da reestruturação produtiva do capital. Identificaram-se os seguintes resultados: a) O trabalho nas pequenas unidades de produção autônomas da Serra Gaúcha guarda semelhanças com o artesão industrial independente e, ao mesmo tempo, com o trabalhador assalariado a domicílio, no que diz respeito à autonomia e ao conhecimento, mediados pelas formas de cooperação na organização do processo de trabalho. O trabalho do artesão industrial independente ganha relevância em função da reprodução ampliada do capital no atual contexto de reestruturação produtiva. Ao mesmo tempo, tal trabalho faz-se importante em função da reprodução ampliada da vida. b) A autonomia construída nas unidades observadas possui diferentes graus de abertura que são variáveis conforme as condições estruturais, culturais e sociais de produção. c) A cooperação, no processo de trabalho, ocorre de forma simples, onde cada trabalhador realiza uma tarefa de seu conhecimento e habilidade que somada às tarefas de outros trabalhadores construirão um produto final, além de construírem formas de cooperação solidária onde incorporam ao processo produtivo relações de companheirismo, ajuda mútua, troca de serviços e relações familiares e comunitárias. d) Os sujeitos da pesquisa destacam os conhecimentos escolares como indispensáveis para o trabalho metalúrgico. e) A produção do conhecimento no setor passa por um processo contínuo de estudo e de prática no cotidiano do trabalho, constituindo, portanto, o conhecimento tácito dos trabalhadores. / This study aimed to understand how the workers organized in small autonomous production units in the metal mechanic sector from Serra Gaucha rebuild autonomy, cooperation and knowledge necessary for their work, in a context of productive restructuring of the capital in the sector post crisis of 1980. For autonomy is understood the workers’ condition of creating their own way of organization to develop their work; for knowledge is the conceptual or abstract comprehension of the real, as a result of action and reflection in a determined reality; and for cooperation, as the way of a contingent of workers coordinately act to change the reality according to their goals. In order to develop the research it was used the dialectical method in its basic categories of analyses: praxis, totality, contradiction, mediation, particularity and singularity. To collect the empirical data it was done participant observation and a semi structured interview. The participant observation was done in six small autonomous production units in Canela-RS and Caxias do Sul-RS cities, and the interview was conducted with ten metalworkers who work in these units. The data analyses were based on the theoretical references of the historical and dialectical materialism, intending to situate the work of the research subjects in the context of productive restructuring of the capital. The following results were identified: a) The work in small production units of Serra Gaucha in a way is similar to the independent industrial artisan, meanwhile keeps similarities to an employed in its domicile, relating to autonomy, knowledge, through ways of cooperation in the work process organization. The independent industrial artisan work is relevant due to the amplified reproduction of the capital in the actual productive restructuring context, as well such work is important because the amplified reproduction of life. b) The autonomy built in the observed units has different levels of opening, which are variable according to structural, cultural and social conditions of production. c) The cooperation in the work process happens in a simple way, where each worker makes a task of its own knowledge and capacity that is added to others’ tasks and so building a final product. Besides it, they build ways of solidarity cooperation where they incorporate into the productive process relationship such as: partnership, mutual help, working exchanges and familiar, communitarian relationship. d) The research subjects highlight the importance of school knowledge as indispensable for the metallurgic work. e) The knowledge production in the sector goes through a continuous process of study and practice in their daily work routine, constituting therefore the workers tacit knowledge.

Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender como os trabalhadores organizados em pequenas unidades de produção autônomas do setor metalomecânico da Serra Gaúcha reconstroem autonomia, cooperação e conhecimentos necessários ao trabalho que realizam, num contexto de reestruturação produtiva do capital pós-crise dos anos 1980 no setor. Sendo que: autonomia é a condição dos trabalhadores de criarem as próprias formas de organizar-se para o desenvolvimento do seu trabalho; o conhecimento como a compreensão conceitual ou abstrata do real, fruto da ação e da reflexão em uma determinada realidade; e a cooperação como a forma de um contingente de trabalhadores agirem coordenadamente para modificar a realidade conforme a sua objetivação. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, utilizou-se o método dialético em suas categorias básicas de analise: práxis, totalidade, contradição, mediação, particularidade e singularidade. Para a coleta dos dados empíricos, realizou-se uma observação participante e uma entrevista semiestruturada. A observação participante ocorreu em seis pequenas unidades de produção autônomas localizadas nos municípios de Canela-RS e Caxias do Sul-RS e a entrevista foi efetivada com dez metalúrgicos que trabalham nestas unidades. A análise dos dados foi baseada no referencial teórico do materialismo histórico e dialético com a intenção de situar o trabalho dos sujeitos da pesquisa no contexto da reestruturação produtiva do capital. Identificaram-se os seguintes resultados: a) O trabalho nas pequenas unidades de produção autônomas da Serra Gaúcha guarda semelhanças com o artesão industrial independente e, ao mesmo tempo, com o trabalhador assalariado a domicílio, no que diz respeito à autonomia e ao conhecimento, mediados pelas formas de cooperação na organização do processo de trabalho. O trabalho do artesão industrial independente ganha relevância em função da reprodução ampliada do capital no atual contexto de reestruturação produtiva. Ao mesmo tempo, tal trabalho faz-se importante em função da reprodução ampliada da vida. b) A autonomia construída nas unidades observadas possui diferentes graus de abertura que são variáveis conforme as condições estruturais, culturais e sociais de produção. c) A cooperação, no processo de trabalho, ocorre de forma simples, onde cada trabalhador realiza uma tarefa de seu conhecimento e habilidade que somada às tarefas de outros trabalhadores construirão um produto final, além de construírem formas de cooperação solidária onde incorporam ao processo produtivo relações de companheirismo, ajuda mútua, troca de serviços e relações familiares e comunitárias. d) Os sujeitos da pesquisa destacam os conhecimentos escolares como indispensáveis para o trabalho metalúrgico. e) A produção do conhecimento no setor passa por um processo contínuo de estudo e de prática no cotidiano do trabalho, constituindo, portanto, o conhecimento tácito dos trabalhadores. / This study aimed to understand how the workers organized in small autonomous production units in the metal mechanic sector from Serra Gaucha rebuild autonomy, cooperation and knowledge necessary for their work, in a context of productive restructuring of the capital in the sector post crisis of 1980. For autonomy is understood the workers’ condition of creating their own way of organization to develop their work; for knowledge is the conceptual or abstract comprehension of the real, as a result of action and reflection in a determined reality; and for cooperation, as the way of a contingent of workers coordinately act to change the reality according to their goals. In order to develop the research it was used the dialectical method in its basic categories of analyses: praxis, totality, contradiction, mediation, particularity and singularity. To collect the empirical data it was done participant observation and a semi structured interview. The participant observation was done in six small autonomous production units in Canela-RS and Caxias do Sul-RS cities, and the interview was conducted with ten metalworkers who work in these units. The data analyses were based on the theoretical references of the historical and dialectical materialism, intending to situate the work of the research subjects in the context of productive restructuring of the capital. The following results were identified: a) The work in small production units of Serra Gaucha in a way is similar to the independent industrial artisan, meanwhile keeps similarities to an employed in its domicile, relating to autonomy, knowledge, through ways of cooperation in the work process organization. The independent industrial artisan work is relevant due to the amplified reproduction of the capital in the actual productive restructuring context, as well such work is important because the amplified reproduction of life. b) The autonomy built in the observed units has different levels of opening, which are variable according to structural, cultural and social conditions of production. c) The cooperation in the work process happens in a simple way, where each worker makes a task of its own knowledge and capacity that is added to others’ tasks and so building a final product. Besides it, they build ways of solidarity cooperation where they incorporate into the productive process relationship such as: partnership, mutual help, working exchanges and familiar, communitarian relationship. d) The research subjects highlight the importance of school knowledge as indispensable for the metallurgic work. e) The knowledge production in the sector goes through a continuous process of study and practice in their daily work routine, constituting therefore the workers tacit knowledge.

Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender como os trabalhadores organizados em pequenas unidades de produção autônomas do setor metalomecânico da Serra Gaúcha reconstroem autonomia, cooperação e conhecimentos necessários ao trabalho que realizam, num contexto de reestruturação produtiva do capital pós-crise dos anos 1980 no setor. Sendo que: autonomia é a condição dos trabalhadores de criarem as próprias formas de organizar-se para o desenvolvimento do seu trabalho; o conhecimento como a compreensão conceitual ou abstrata do real, fruto da ação e da reflexão em uma determinada realidade; e a cooperação como a forma de um contingente de trabalhadores agirem coordenadamente para modificar a realidade conforme a sua objetivação. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, utilizou-se o método dialético em suas categorias básicas de analise: práxis, totalidade, contradição, mediação, particularidade e singularidade. Para a coleta dos dados empíricos, realizou-se uma observação participante e uma entrevista semiestruturada. A observação participante ocorreu em seis pequenas unidades de produção autônomas localizadas nos municípios de Canela-RS e Caxias do Sul-RS e a entrevista foi efetivada com dez metalúrgicos que trabalham nestas unidades. A análise dos dados foi baseada no referencial teórico do materialismo histórico e dialético com a intenção de situar o trabalho dos sujeitos da pesquisa no contexto da reestruturação produtiva do capital. Identificaram-se os seguintes resultados: a) O trabalho nas pequenas unidades de produção autônomas da Serra Gaúcha guarda semelhanças com o artesão industrial independente e, ao mesmo tempo, com o trabalhador assalariado a domicílio, no que diz respeito à autonomia e ao conhecimento, mediados pelas formas de cooperação na organização do processo de trabalho. O trabalho do artesão industrial independente ganha relevância em função da reprodução ampliada do capital no atual contexto de reestruturação produtiva. Ao mesmo tempo, tal trabalho faz-se importante em função da reprodução ampliada da vida. b) A autonomia construída nas unidades observadas possui diferentes graus de abertura que são variáveis conforme as condições estruturais, culturais e sociais de produção. c) A cooperação, no processo de trabalho, ocorre de forma simples, onde cada trabalhador realiza uma tarefa de seu conhecimento e habilidade que somada às tarefas de outros trabalhadores construirão um produto final, além de construírem formas de cooperação solidária onde incorporam ao processo produtivo relações de companheirismo, ajuda mútua, troca de serviços e relações familiares e comunitárias. d) Os sujeitos da pesquisa destacam os conhecimentos escolares como indispensáveis para o trabalho metalúrgico. e) A produção do conhecimento no setor passa por um processo contínuo de estudo e de prática no cotidiano do trabalho, constituindo, portanto, o conhecimento tácito dos trabalhadores. / This study aimed to understand how the workers organized in small autonomous production units in the metal mechanic sector from Serra Gaucha rebuild autonomy, cooperation and knowledge necessary for their work, in a context of productive restructuring of the capital in the sector post crisis of 1980. For autonomy is understood the workers’ condition of creating their own way of organization to develop their work; for knowledge is the conceptual or abstract comprehension of the real, as a result of action and reflection in a determined reality; and for cooperation, as the way of a contingent of workers coordinately act to change the reality according to their goals. In order to develop the research it was used the dialectical method in its basic categories of analyses: praxis, totality, contradiction, mediation, particularity and singularity. To collect the empirical data it was done participant observation and a semi structured interview. The participant observation was done in six small autonomous production units in Canela-RS and Caxias do Sul-RS cities, and the interview was conducted with ten metalworkers who work in these units. The data analyses were based on the theoretical references of the historical and dialectical materialism, intending to situate the work of the research subjects in the context of productive restructuring of the capital. The following results were identified: a) The work in small production units of Serra Gaucha in a way is similar to the independent industrial artisan, meanwhile keeps similarities to an employed in its domicile, relating to autonomy, knowledge, through ways of cooperation in the work process organization. The independent industrial artisan work is relevant due to the amplified reproduction of the capital in the actual productive restructuring context, as well such work is important because the amplified reproduction of life. b) The autonomy built in the observed units has different levels of opening, which are variable according to structural, cultural and social conditions of production. c) The cooperation in the work process happens in a simple way, where each worker makes a task of its own knowledge and capacity that is added to others’ tasks and so building a final product. Besides it, they build ways of solidarity cooperation where they incorporate into the productive process relationship such as: partnership, mutual help, working exchanges and familiar, communitarian relationship. d) The research subjects highlight the importance of school knowledge as indispensable for the metallurgic work. e) The knowledge production in the sector goes through a continuous process of study and practice in their daily work routine, constituting therefore the workers tacit knowledge.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been intensely researched over the past 20 years. In this dissertation, metal-inorganic frameworks (MIFs), a new class of porous and nonporous materials using inorganic complexes as linkers, in lieu of traditional organic linkers in MOFs is reported. Besides novel MIF regimes, the previously described fluorous MOF "FMOF-1", is re-categorized herein as "F-MIF1". F-MIF-1 is comprised of [Ag4Tz6]2- (Tz = 3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazolate) inorganic clusters connected by 3-coordinate Ag+ metal centers. Chapter 2 describes isosteric heat of adsorption studies of F-MIF1 for CO2 at near ambient temperatures, suggesting promise for carbon capture and storage. We then successfully exchanged some of these Ag(I) centers with Au(I) to form an isostructural Au/F-MIF1. Other, nonporous MIFs have been synthesized using Ag2Tz2 clusters with bridging diamine linkers 4,4'-bipyridine, pyrazine, and a Pt(II) complex containing two oppositely-situated non-coordinating pyridines. This strategy attained luminescent products better-positioned for photonic devices than porous materials due to greater exciton density. Chapter 3 overviews work using an entirely inorganic luminescent complex, [Pt2(P2O5)4]4- (a.k.a. "PtPOP") to form new carbon-free MIFs. PtPOP is highly luminescent in solution, but as a solid shows poor quantum yield (QY ~0.02) and poor stability under ambient conditions. By complexing PtPOP to various metals, we have shown a dramatic enhancement in its solid-state luminescence (by an order of magnitude) and stability (from day to year scale). One embodiment (MIF-1) demonstrates microporous character. Chapter 4 overviews the design and application of new MIF linkers. Pt complexes based upon (pyridyl)azolates, functionalized with carboxylic acid groups, have been synthesized. These complexes, and their esterized precursors, show strong luminescence on their own. They have been used to generate new luminescent MIFs. Such new MIFs may be useful toward future inorganic (LEDs) or organic (OLEDs) light-emitting diodes, respectively. The electronic communication along their infinite coordination structures is desirable for color tuning and enhanced conductivity functions, compared to the small molecules used in such technologies, which rely on intermolecular interactions for these functions.

A plethora of novel scientific phenomena and practical applications, such as solid-state molecular solar cells and other optoelectronic devices for energy harvesting and lighting technologies, have catalyzed us to synthesize novel compounds with tunable properties. Synthetic routes, single crystal structures, and spectral and materials properties are described. Reactions of Ag(I) and Cu(I) precursors with various types of ligands -- including the azolates, diimines, and diiphosphines -- lead to the corresponding complexes in high yield. Varying the metal ions, ligands, synthetic methods, solvents, and/or stoichiometric ratio can change the properties including the molecular geometry or packing structure, reactivity, photophysical and photochemical properties, semiconducting behavior, and/or porosity of the functional coordination polymers obtained. For solar cells purposes, the absorption energy can be extended from the ultraviolet (UV) region, through the entire visible (Vis) region, onto a significant portion of the near-infrared (NIR) portion of the solar spectrum with high absorption coefficients due to the infinite conjugation of Cu(I) with diimine ligands. Twenty-eight crystal structures were obtained by conventional crystal growth methods from organic solvents, whereas their bulk product syntheses also included "green chemistry" approaches that precluded the use of hazardous organic solvents. The resulting products are characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fouriertransform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), UV/Vis/NIR absorption/diffuse reflectance/photoluminescence spectroscopies, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Regarding the scientific phenomena investigated, the highlighting work in this dissertation is the discovery of novel bonding/photophysical/optoelectronic properties of the following materials: a black absorber with absorption from 200- 900 nm, a very stable compound with a bright green luminescence obtained by a solventless reaction, and a novel coordination polymer showing uncommon interaction of Ag(I) with three different types of diimine ligands simultaneously.

Today’s industries are facing what some may call a new industrial revolution. Technological developments are heading towards more internet-based system solutions. This movement is often referred to as Industry 4.0 and is said to have the potential for more flexible, autonomous productions capable of managing themselves. With new technologies, however, there is also a demand for new competences and qualification requirements on the workforce. Furthermore, industries of today often have problems with recruiting new competent employees, especially younger people. Industries looking to implement Industry 4.0 would therefore have to manage the education and development of existing employees while also attracting new employees. As part of a larger research project at Luleå University of Technology, this thesis project aims to describe how the control rooms in Swedish metallurgic industries will be affected by Industry 4.0. Furthermore, the project aims to describe what changes that are desirable for achieving a sustainable, effective and equal industry. To better achieve this goal, the project was done in collaboration with the metallurgic industry SSAB, specifically the steel production in Luleå. Through visits, interviews and observations at the control rooms in SSAB’s steel production, the context of today’s control room work was detailed. This context was compared to and analyzed using reviewed literature regarding future technologies under Industry 4.0 along with my own speculations on future possibilities. The analyses consists of my reflections on what problems that existed, what could be improved and what worked well in the control rooms. Furthermore, my analyses included the positive and negative effects that the implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies could have on the control room work. The analyses were utilized as the basis for creating a vision of how control rooms can develop under Industry 4.0, and the changes that are desirable. The resulting vision compiled from my analyses consists of two scenarios; a dystopian and a utopian scenario. Each scenario depicts exaggerated depictions of the potential results of implementing Industry 4.0. The dystopian scenario depicts the few operators not made obsolete by an autonomous production and how they’ve been affected. They are constantly tracked and have their health monitored during their work, their equipment isn’t designed with the user in mind and the job no longer feels like qualified work. As a contrast, the utopian operators instead utilize the increased capabilities for communication and data gathering from systems and machines to work with tests, development work and optimization. Furthermore, instead of constant monitoring, tracking sensors are instead used to notify emergency personnel if the operator hurts themselves while out working. With these scenarios I also included recommendations for how the utopian vision can be achieved and the dystopian one avoided. These recommendations include involving operators in development of work tasks and instructions to promote employee involvement and control. Furthermore, their involvement allows for the better utilization of their knowledge and experiences, while also potentially helping with making the control room work better adapted to the operators’ needs. According to the results of this project, this will help improve and support efforts to create more attractive workplaces and promote qualifications development. By following the recommendations made, it is my hope that Swedish metallurgic industries like SSAB can better strive for an implementation of Industry 4.0 that is beneficial for both employer and employees. / Dagens industrier möter idag något som vissa kallar en ny industriell revolution. Inom teknikutvecklingen introduceras fler och fler internet-baserade systemlösningar. Denna utveckling namnges ofta som Industri 4.0 och ska kunna möjliggöra flexibla, autonoma produktionsflöden som kan drivas av sig själva. Med ny teknik kommer dock nya kunskapskrav och ett behov av nya kompetenser för arbetskraften. Vidare har dagens industrier ofta även problem med att rekrytera kompetent ny arbetskraft, speciellt bland yngre generationer. Industrier som vill implementera Industri 4.0 kommer därför att behöva hantera både kompetensutvecklingen och utbildningen av befintliga anställda, samt att attrahera nya anställda. Som en del av ett större forskningsprojekt på Luleå tekniska universitet ämnar detta examensprojekt att beskriva hur kontrollrummen i svenska metallindustrier kommer att påverkas av Industri 4.0. Vidare ämnar projektet att beskriva vilka förändringar som är önskvärda med målet att uppnå en hållbar, effektiv och jämställd industri. För att bättre uppnå detta mål utfördes projektet i samarbete med stålindustrin SSAB i Luleå. Genom besök, intervjuer och observationer i deras produktions kontrollrum kunde det nuvarande kontrollrumsarbetet undersökas. Besöken analyserades genom att använda kvalitetsgranskad litteratur om framtida teknik och system under Industri 4.0, samt genom mina egna spekulationer om framtiden. Vidare inkluderade mina analyser vilka positiva och negativa effekter Industri 4.0 kan ha på kontrollrumsarbete. Analyserna användes som en grund för att skapa en vision hur kontrollrumsarbete kan utvecklas under Industri 4.0 samt vilka utvecklingar som är önskvärda. Den resulterande visionen bestod av två scenarier; ett dystopiskt och ett utopiskt scenario. Varje scenario ger överdrivna beskrivningar av de potentiella följderna av en implementering av Industri 4.0. Det dystopiska scenariot beskriver det fåtal kvarvarande kontrollrumsoperatörerna som inte gjorts överflödiga av den autonoma produktionen och hur de påverkas. De spåras konstant i lokalen medan deras hälsa övervakas, samtidigt som deras utrustning inte anpassas efter deras behov och arbetet inte behöver någon vidare kompetens. Som kontrast till det använder den utopiske operatören de ökade möjligheterna för datainsamling från och kommunikation med system och maskiner för att arbeta mer med test, utvecklingsarbete och optimering. Vidare används spårningstekniken inte för konstant övervakning, utan meddelar istället akutpersonal om deras position och tillstånd om de skadar sig när de arbetar ute i lokalen. Med dessa två scenarier tog jag även upp rekommendationer för hur den utopiska visionen kan eftersträvas och den dystopiska undvikas. Rekommendationerna inkluderar att involvera operatörer i utvecklingen av nya arbetsuppgifter och instruktioner för att främja anställdas medverkan och kontroll över sitt arbete. Utöver det möjliggör deras medverkan att deras kunskap och erfarenheter utnyttjas och används, samtidigt som det potentiellt hjälper anpassa kontrollrumsarbetet bättre efter operatörernas behov. Det kommer att hjälpa förbättra och stödja arbetet med att skapa mer attraktiva arbetsplatser och främja kompetensutveckling. Genom att följa rekommendationerna hoppas jag att svenska metallindustrier som SSAB kan enklare arbeta mot en implementation av Industri 4.0 som är fördelaktig för både anställd och för företaget.