Spelling suggestions: "subject:"microcystin"" "subject:"microcystins""
71 |
Investigating Cyanotoxin Production by Benthic Freshwater Cyanobacteria in New ZealandSmith, Francine Mary Jorna January 2012 (has links)
Cyanobacteria can form nuisance proliferations and produce large concentrations of toxins that pose a health hazard. This thesis investigates cyanotoxin production by New Zealand benthic cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria were sampled from lakes, reservoirs, streams, and rivers. Thirty-five strains were isolated into culture and screened for genes involved in the biosynthesis of common cyanotoxins. Positive results were confirmed and cyanotoxin concentrations quantified using analytical chemistry techniques.
Genes involved in anatoxin a/homoanatoxin a biosynthesis were detected in nine out of ten Phormidium cf. uncinatum strains isolated from a single mat. Anatoxin a was confirmed in these strains by LC–MS/MS at concentrations from 0.3 to 6.4 mg kg⁻¹. One strain also produced homoanatoxin-a. Anatoxin-a variation between strains may explain the wide range in anatoxin a concentrations previously observed in New Zealand.
The sxtA gene involved in saxitoxin biosynthesis was identified in Scytonema cf. crispum strains. Saxitoxin was confirmed in strains and environmental samples by Jellett PSP Rapid Test and HPLC–FD. Gonyautoxins, neosaxitoxin, and decarbamoyl derivatives were also detected. This study is the first identification of these compounds in Scytonema and in New Zealand cyanobacterial strains. These strains were isolated from recreational and pre-treatment drinking water reservoirs, highlighting the risk benthic cyanobacteria pose to human and animal health.
Experiments were undertaken using cultures of Phormidium and Scytonema to determine how growth influences cyanotoxin production. The effects of iron and copper stress on P. autumnale were also investigated. High iron concentrations disrupted attachment mechanisms. Iron and copper had a significant effect on growth, without significantly affecting anatoxin a production. However, the maximum anatoxin a quota was consistently observed during early exponential growth. Scytonema cf. crispum produced higher saxitoxin quota throughout exponential growth than during the stationary phase. Both the Phormidium and Scytonema growth experiments indicate that high toxin quota can be expected early in benthic mat development, making early detection of these proliferations important.
|
72 |
Využití biotestů na jikrách halančíka Oryzias latipes pro screeningové stanovení toxicity vod s výskytem sinicových vodních květů / The application of biotests on Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) eggs for the screening assessment of cyanobacterial water blooms toxicitySIKORA, Jiří January 2008 (has links)
This thesis has two parts. In the first part there is described an optimal methodological process for screening tests used in subsequently. Fertilized fish eggs of Oryzias latipes were incubated in 6 tests with different numbers (from 1 to 6) with standard conditions in ISO water. In the tests, hatching performance and duration of embryonic development were investigated and the results were applied on screening tests. The other part of the thesis is aimed on the proof of potential toxic effects of water with cyanobacterial water bloom. The fertilized eggs of Oryzias latipes were embedded into the test in stage 6 to 8. Three samples of cyanobacterial biomass from free waterbodies with known species composition and microcystin {--} LR, YR and RR contents were tested. The hatching performance, duration of embryonic development, lethal and sublethal effects were monitored during the tests. The tests were performed according to the OECD 212. There were detected significant differences in hatching performance, duration of embryonic development and in some cases also in induction of deformities between the control group and the tested groups.
|
73 |
Avaliação da degradação de microcistina – LR no tratamento de água de abastecimento em sistema convencional seguido por Processo Oxidativo Avançado (POA)Albuquerque, Maria Virgínia da Conceição 20 June 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2017-08-04T13:34:04Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
PDF - Maria Virgínia da Conceição Albuquerque.pdf: 34293201 bytes, checksum: 16d11d4f3076b9e3ed56169d002e3185 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-04T13:34:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
PDF - Maria Virgínia da Conceição Albuquerque.pdf: 34293201 bytes, checksum: 16d11d4f3076b9e3ed56169d002e3185 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2017-06-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Among the deleterious effects caused by the process of eutrophication of natural waters, an important highlight should be the appearance of cyanobacterial blooms and the consequent generation of cyanotoxins with a potent hepatotoxic effect (eg microcystin- LR). In general, conventional treatments for water purification are inefficient for the removal of these micropollutants, which has stimulated the study of new treatment alternatives. The advanced oxidative processes have been an interesting alternative because of their potential as alternatives or complements to conventional processes of water treatment, since the hydroxyl radicals generated are highly reactive and not selective, and can act in the chemical oxidation of a wide range Of substances. These processes generally involve the generation of highly oxidizing and non-selective species, such as the hydroxyl radical (• OH) and, in some cases, oxygen, thus being efficient in the removal of various contaminants. The main objective of this work was to verify the potential of two advanced oxidative processes: UV/H2O2 and Fenton in relation to the treatment of water destined for public supply contaminated by microcystin-LR. For this, the research was divided into three stages. In the first stage, the validation of the analytical method was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to massspectrometry (HPLC-MS) for identification and quantification of the toxin described in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 describes the efficiency of conventional treatment Followed by the advanced oxidative process (UV/H2O2) in relation to the treatment of water intended for public supply with emphasis on the efficiency of a low cost photocatalytic reactor for microcystin-LR degradation. Then, the third and final chapter presents the use of Fenton reagent as coagulant, followed by flocculation, sedimentation and filtration, with the purpose of removing turbidity, apparent and true color and microcystin-LR also presente in public water supply. / Dentre os efeitos deletérios provocados pelo processo de eutrofização de águas naturais, importante destaque deve ser dado ao surgimento de florações de cianobactérias e a consequente geração de cianotoxinas de potente efeito hepatotóxico (ex. microcistina- LR). Em geral, tratamentos convencionais para potabilização da água se mostram ineficientes para a remoção destes micropoluentes, o que tem estimulado o estudo de novas alternativas de tratamento. Os processos oxidativos avançados têm sido uma alternativa de grande interesse devido ao seu potencial como alternativas ou complementos aos processos convencionais de tratamento de água, uma vez que os radicais hidroxila gerados são altamente reativos e pouco seletivos, podendo atuar na oxidação química de uma vasta gama de substâncias. Estes processos geralmente envolvem geração de espécies altamente oxidantes e não seletivas, como o radical hidroxila (•OH) e, em alguns casos, o oxigênio, sendo assim, eficientes na remoção de diversos contaminantes. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a potencialidade de dois processos oxidativos avançados: o UV/H2O2 e Fenton em relação ao tratamento de águas destinada a abastecimento público contaminadas por microcistina-LR. Para isso, a pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas. No primeiro momento foi realizado a validação de método analítico por meio da cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CLAE-EM) para identificação e quantificação da toxina citada, descrito no capítulo 1. O capítulo 2 descreve a eficiência do tratamento convencional seguido do processo oxidativo avançado (UV/H2O2) em relação ao tratamento de água destinada a abastecimento público com ênfase na eficiência de um reator fotocatalítico de baixo custo para degradação de microcistina-LR. Em seguida, o terceiro e último capítulo apresenta a utilização de reagente Fenton como coagulante, seguido de floculação, sedimentação e filtração, com objetivo de remoção de turbidez, cor aparente e verdadeira e microcistina-LR também presente em água de abastecimento público.
|
74 |
Remoção de microcistina-LR de água utilizando coagulação com reagente de Fenton, floculação, decantação e filtração seguido de carvão ativado granular / Removal of microcystin-LR from water using Fenton s reagent coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and filtration followed by granular activated carbonBuriti, Josué da Silva 27 August 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T12:19:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Josue da Silva Buriti.pdf: 1828134 bytes, checksum: 34ba27d07ee2de7c2319fe96621f414c (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012-08-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to evaluate at bench-scale the removal of microcystin-LR from water for public supply using Fenton's reagent, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and filtration by columns of granular activated carbon (GAC). The water used in this study was prepared by adding 20 mL of microcystin-LR extract
(obtained from a pure culture of Microcystis aeruginosa after three consecutive freeze / thaw cycles), in 1L of untreated water from the Acauã reservoir and which corresponded to a concentration of microcystin-LR of aproximately 19 µg.L
. The experiments were conducted in three stages. The first step was to determine the best conditions for coagulation obtained via diagrams of coagulation based on remaining turbidity and apparent colour after treatment with Fenton's reagent at concentrations between 5 mg.L-1 and 100 mg.L-1 f eSO4.7H2O and 1.83 mg.L-1 to 36.70 mg.L of H2O and pH varying between 3 and 9 at a settling time of 5 min. In the second stage the fastest sedimentation time was determined after coagulation based on the control parameters of remaining turbidity, apparent colour and microcystin-LR concentration. The third stage evaluated the adsorption of microcystin-LR in columns of GAC (particle size between 1.40 mm and 0.42 mm) after the conditions defined in steps I and II. The GAC columns were constructed from PVC tubing with an internal diameter of 21 mm and a functional height of GAC of 15 cm and 20 cm, corresponding to two different contact times. The fixed flow rate for each GAC column was 2 L.h2-1. The optimum conditions for coagulation were 15 mg.L FeSO4.7H2O and 5.5 g.L-1 H2O, at pH 8.4 and coagulation and sedimentation times of 15 min. After coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation turbidity decreased from 5.8 to 3.0 uT, apparent color of 115 uH to 81 uH and a reduction in microcystinLR concentration from 18.52 µg.L2-1 to 9.59 µg.L-1, with percentage removals of 48%, 30% and 48%, respectively. Break-through occurred in the shorter length column of GAC with the shorter contact time (CC1) after 2 hours of operation, resulting in a smaller q
e (1.85 μg.g-1) and higher usage rate (3.82 g.L-1) compared o the GAC column with the greater contact time (CC2), with a break-through after 6 hours operation. Thus the longer GAC column (CC2) gave a better performance both in terms of q
e (4.15 μg.g-1) and rate of use (1.70 g.L-1), ensuring effluent oncentration below the maximum allowable value of 1 µg.L-1
required by Ordinance 2914/11, Ministry of Health, with a longer operational life and an economy in GAC usage. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar em escala de bancada a remoção de microcistina-LR de água destinada ao abastecimento público utilizando coagulação com reagente de Fenton, floculação, decantação e filtração seguido de colunas de carvão ativado granular (CAG). A água de estudo foi preparada pela adição de 20 mL de extrato de microcistina-LR (após congelamento/descongelamento por três vezes consecutivas da cultura pura de Microcystis aeruginosa) em 1 L de água bruta do reservatório de Acauã, que correspondeu a concentração de microcistina-LR em torno de 19 μg.L-1
. O experimento foi realizado em três etapas. Na primeira etapa foi definida a melhor condição de coagulação através de diagramas de coagulação para turbidez remanescente e cor aparente remanescente com concentração de reagente de Fenton entre 5 mg.L-1 - 100 mg.L-1 de FeSO4.7H2O e 1,83 mg.L de H2O para pH de coagulação entre 3 e 9 com tempo de sedimentação de 5 min. Na segunda etapa foi definido o melhor tempo de sedimentação conforme as condições de coagulação estabelecidas na etapa I e os parâmetros de controle foram turbidez remanescente, cor aparente remanescente e microcistina-LR remanescente. Na terceira etapa foi avaliada a adsorção da microcistina-LR em colunas de CAG (granulometria entre 1,40 mm e 0,42 mm) utilizando as condições definidas nas etapas I e II. As colunas de CAG foram construídas com tubos de PVC com diâmetro interno de 21 mm e altura útil de CAG de 15 cm e 20 cm, correspondendo a dois tempos de contato distintos. A vazão fixada para cada coluna de CAG foi de 2 L.h2-1-1. A melhor condição de coagulação foi 15 mg.L de FeSO4.7H2O; 5,5 mg.L-1 de H2O
, pH de coagulação de 8,4 e tempo de sedimentação de 15 min. Após a coagulação, floculação e sedimentação a turbidez reduziu de 5,8 uT a 3,0 uT, cor aparente de 115 uH a 81 uH e concentração de microcistina-LR de 18,52 µg.L-12 a 9,59 µg.L-1, com percentuais de remoção de 48%, 30% e 48%, respectivamente. O transpasse na coluna de CAG de menor tempo de contato (CC1) ocorreu após 2 horas de funcionamento do sistema, refletindo em menor qe (1,85 μg.g-) e maior taxa de uso (3,82 g.L-1) quando comparada a coluna de CAG de maior tempo de contato (CC2), que ocorreu o transpasse após 6 horas de funcionamento do sistema, a qual apresentou melhor desempenho tanto em relação ao qe (4,15 g.g-1) como em relação a taxa de uso (1,70 g.L), garantindo efluente com concentração inferior ao valor máximo permitido de 1 µg.L exigido pela Portaria 2914/11 do Ministério da Saúde por mais tempo e utilizando uma menor quantidade de CAG. - 36,70 mg.L
|
75 |
Distribuição de agrupamentos gênicos envolvidos na biossíntese de substâncias bioativas no genoma da Fischerella sp. CENA161 / Distribution of gene clusters involved in the bioactive compounds biosynthesis in the genome of the Fischerella sp. strain CENA161Karina Heck da Silva 06 October 2015 (has links)
Fischerella é um gênero cianobacteriano de ocorrência em diversos ambientes subaerofíticos que apresenta importância ecológica, evolutiva, biogeoquímica, biotecnológica e ecotoxicológica. O estudo de seu genoma pode levar a uma melhor compreensão de seu metabolismo secundário e de sua capacidade de produção de cianotoxinas e outras moléculas bioativas. A linhagem Fischerella CENA161, isolada de uma nascente de água na região de Piracicaba, foi identificada como produtora do peptídeo hepatotóxico microcistina. Este foi o primeiro relato da produção dessa toxina por esse gênero de cianobactéria. Dessa maneira, este trabalho teve como objetivo sequenciar o genoma da cianobactéria Fischerella CENA161 e realizar sua montagem e a anotação de genes envolvidos com seu metabolismo secundário. Para isso, a linhagem foi tratada com hipoclorito de sódio para remover as bactérias heterotróficas, com posterior esgotamento de pequenos fragmentos em placa de cultura sólida, de forma a isolar a linhagem. Foi realizada a extração de ácido desoxirribonucleico das células tratadas da CENA161 cultivadas em Erlenmeyers contendo meio de cultura líquido BG-110. Uma biblioteca genômica foi construída para o sequenciamento MiSeq e, então, foi realizada a montagem ab initio do genoma com as leituras obtidas. A anotação de genes foi realizada utilizando a ferramenta antiSMASH, para a predição de metabólitos secundários, e também foi realizado o alinhamento de sequências nucleotídicas já conhecidas de outras linhagens contra o genoma da CENA161, utilizando a ferramenta BLASTN. As moléculas bioativas produzidas pela linhagem foram investigadas através de bioensaios contra bactérias e fungo, e utilizando cromatografia líquida de alta pressão e espectrometria de massas. Os resultados mostraram que a linhagem CENA161 possui, em seu genoma, o agrupamento gênico de biossíntese da microcistina, apresentando os 10 genes descritos primeiramente (mcyA-mcyJ), e alta identidade de suas sequências com as sequências da linhagem Fischerella sp. PCC 9339, embora sua sintenia gênica esteja mais próxima à da linhagem Nostoc sp. 152. Ainda, foram anotados os agrupamentos gênicos de biossíntese de ambiguina (amb), apresentando 25 genes do total de 32 genes descritos para a linhagem Fischerella sp. UTEX 1903, com identidade mínima de 98 % entre as sequências nucleotídicas. Foram encontrados, também, seis genes do total de oito que formam o agrupamento de biossíntese de nostopeptolida (nos), descrito para Nostoc sp. GSV224, e com sintenia diferenciada para a linhagem CENA161. As análises químicas de espectrometria de massas mostraram a produção de sete variantes de microcistina (MC-LR, MC-LL, MC-LA, MC-LM, MC-FR, MC-LAba e [D-Asp3]Mc-LL), essas duas últimas raramente descritas pela literatura. Os bioensaios mostraram bioatividade dos extratos intracelular polar e apolar contra Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhimurium, Burkholderia cepacia, Xanthomonas campestris e Candida albicans. A coleta das frações do extrato apolar por cromatografia líquida revelou bioatividade em três diferentes tempos de aquisição. As frações coletadas do extrato polar evidenciaram o pico de microcistina, constatada a partir da linhagem CENA161 axênica, inclusive. Nossos resultados revelaram a presença de agrupamentos gênicos de síntese de moléculas bioativas e a habilidade da linhagem Fischerella sp. CENA161 em produzir diferentes substâncias bioativas, sintetizadas pela via ribossomal e não ribossomal, em condições axênicas. / Fischerella is a cyanobacterial genus that occurs in several subaerophytic environments and presents ecological, evolutive, biogeochemical, biotechnologic and ecotoxicologic importance. The study of the genome can leads to the better compreension about its metabolism and its ability to produce cyanotoxins and other bioactive molecules. The Fischerella sp. strain CENA161 was isolated from a spring water in Piracicaba, and it was identified microcystin peptide hepatotoxic producer. That was the first report about the production of the toxin by this cyanobacterial genus. The aim of this study was to sequence the genome of the cyanobacteria Fischerella sp. strain CENA161 and perform the assembly and annotation of the genes involved in its secondary metabolism. For this, the strain was previously treated with 0,5 % sodium hypochlorite to remove the heterothrophic bacteria, followed with exhaustion from the short filaments in Petri plates, searching isolate the strain. The deoxirribonucleic acid was extracted from the CENA161 cells cultivated in Erlenmeyers with BG-110 liquid media. The genomic library was performed by MiSeq sequencing, and the ab initio assembly was performed with the reads obtained from the sequencing. The gene annotation and prediction were performed with the antiSMASH tool, for the secondary metabolites screening, and the nucleotides sequences alignment was performed using known genes present in other cyanobacteria producers and the CENA161 genome, using the BLASTN tool. The bioactive compounds produced by the strain were investigated with bioassays against bacteria and fungi, and also using high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. The results revealed the Fischerella sp. strain CENA161 presents the microcystins gene cluster in its genome, with the ten genes that were described in the first time (mcyA-mcyJ), and showed high identity in your sequences with the Fischerella sp. PCC 9339 sequences, although the synteny is very close to Nostoc sp. strain 152 microcystin gene cluster. We also found the ambiguine gene cluster (amb), that showed 25 genes out of 32 genes of total from the Fischerella sp. strain UTEX 1903, with high identity (98 %) among the nucleotide sequences. We found six genes out of eight that compose the nostopeptolide gene cluster (nos) described for Nostoc sp. strain GSV224, but presenting differentiated synteny for the CENA161. The chemical analyses by mass spectrometry showed the production of seven microcystin variants (MC-LR, MC-LL, MC-LA, MC-LM, MC-FR, MCLAba and [D-Asp3]Mc-LL), the last two ones being rarely described by literature. The bioassays showed bioactivity from the polar and nonpolar intracellular extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhimurium, Burkholderia cepacia, Xanthomonas campestris and Candida albicans. The collect of the peaks from the nonpolar extract in HPLC revealed bioactivity in three different acquisition times. The peaks collected from the polar extract did not show bioactivity, but the running in HPLC showed the peak corresponding to microcystin, produced by axenic CENA161 strain. Our results revealed the presence of some gene clusters involved in the bioactive molecules synthesis and the ability for the Fischerella sp. strain CENA161 to produce different bioactive compounds, synthesized by ribosomal and nonribosomal pathway, in non-axenic and axenic condictions.
|
76 |
Desenvolvimento de técnicas de imunoensaio para detecção de microcistina em amostras ambientais / Development of immunoassay techniques to detect microcystin in environmental samplesFabyana Maria dos Anjos 15 December 2009 (has links)
A contaminação da água para consumo humano por toxinas produzidas por cianobactérias é um problema de saúde pública e das autoridades em todo o mundo. Microcistina-LR (MCLR) é uma cianotoxina heptapeptídica cíclica que inibe as proteínas fosfatases PP1 E PP2A nos hepatócitos. Microcistinas são produzidas por diversos gêneros de cianobactérias e mais de 70 variações estruturais têm sido caracterizadas em florações naturais. Por serem haptenos, as microcistinas são incapazes de induzir uma resposta imune em animais. Conseqüentemente, foi necessário aplicar métodos de conjugação envolvendo a adição de uma proteína carreadora, mcKLH (cationized Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin). Portanto, o objetivo inicial desta tese foi o de obter anticorpos monoclonal (em camundongos) e policlonal (em coelho) anti- MCLR. Com relação ao anticorpo monoclonal foram obtidos 9 hibridomas (k29, k210, k317, k248, k284, k290, k2161, k2226, k2232), sendo que apenas 5 se mostraram estáveis (k29, k317, k248, k284, k2232). Estes foram selecionados para serem isotipados, expandidos em líquido ascítico, purificados em coluna cromatográfica de proteína-A e titulados. Dentre estes cinco hibridomas secretores de anticorpos, o clone k317 foi o que melhor reconheceu (mais específico) a toxina MCLR. Os anticorpos do sobrenadante de meio de cultura do hibridoma e o fluido ascítico purificado foram identificados pelo ensaio ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) previamente padronizado. Mesmo sensibilizando a placa de ELISA com diferentes antígenos, tais como MCLR-cBSA, MCLR, MCLR, MCRR, MCYR e MCLA, o clone 17 foi o que apresentou melhor linearidade frente às variantes de microcistina. Portanto, o clone 17 (isótipo IgG1) obtido é muito promissor e será usado para detecção de MCLR na água para consumo humano através do desenvolvimento de um kit de ELISA competição. Com relação ao anticorpo policlonal, o antígeno de imunização foi MCLR-mcKLH, enquanto que o antígeno de sensibilização foi MCLR-cBSA para o ensaio de titulação de anticorpos de classe IgG por ELISA indireto. Na seqüencia, foi padronizado um ensaio ELISA competição utilizando somente a toxina MCLR como antígeno de sensibilização. Este método Caseína foi padronizado, validado e comparado com o kit comercial Abraxis®. O kit ELISA competição que utiliza anticorpo policlonal, nomeado como método Caseína, foi avaliado quanto Limite Inferior de Quantificação, Especificidade, Seletividade, influência do metanol no ensaio, Recuperação, Linearidade, Precisão, Exatidão e Robustez. Este método de triagem apresentou excelente resultado quando comparado ao kit comercial Abraxis®, pois foi capaz de detectar tanto variantes de microcistinas como nodularinas no ambiente aquático. O ensaio ELISA competição utilizando anticorpo policlonal anti-MCLR foi submetido à patente pela Agência USP de Inovação (I.N.P.I. 018090046230). / The contamination of drinking water by cyanobacterial toxins is a public health issue and a concern for water authorities throughout the world. Microcystin-LR (MCLR) is a hazardous cyclic heptapeptide cyanotoxin, which inhibits protein phosphatase PP1 and PP2A in hepatocytes. Microcystins are produced by several genera of cyanobacteria and presents more than 70 structural variations characterized in natural blooms. As haptens, microcystins are unable to invoke an immune response in animals. Consequently, the application of conjugation methods with an additional carrier protein, the KLH (Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin) was necessary. The main objective of this study was to obtain monoclonal (in mice) and polyclonal (in rabbits) antibodies for reacting against MCLR. In what refers to monoclonal antibodies, 9 hybridomas (k29, k210, k317, k248, k284, k290, k2161, k2226, k2232) were obtained; however only 5 were stables (k29, k317, k248, k284, k2232). These were selected to be isotyped, expanded in ascitic fluid, purified by protein-A column chromatography and then, they were titrated. Out of these five antibody-secretor hybridomas, clone k317 was the best to recognize (more specific) the MCLR toxins. Antibodies in hybridoma cell culture supernatant and purified ascites fluid were identified by ELISA assay (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) as prior standardized. Even when sensitizing ELISA plate with different antigens, as MCLR-cBSA, MCLR, MCLR, MCRR, MCYR and MCLA, clone 17 presented the best linearity against microcystin variants. Therefore, the obtained clone 17 (isotype IgG1) is a promising clone and shall be used for detecting MCLR in drinking water through the development of a competitive ELISA immunoassay kit. In what refers to the polyclonal antibody, MCLR-mcKLH was used as immunization antigen, while MCLR-cBSA was used as sensitizing antigen for the IgG titration assay by indirect ELISA. In the sequence, a competition ELISA assay was standardized using the MCLR toxin as sensitizing antigen. This Casein method was standardized, validated and compared to the commercial kit Abraxis®. The competition ELISA kit using polyclonal antibody, known as Casein method, was analyzed concerning its Quantification Inferior Limit, Specificity, Selectivity, methanol influence of the assay, Recuperation, Linearity, Precision, Accuracy and Robustness. This screening method reached excellent results if compared to the commercial kit Abraxis®, for being able to detect both the microcystins variants and the nodularins in aquatic environmental. The competition ELISA assay using anti-MCLR polyclonal antibody was submitted to the grant of a patent by USP Innovation Agency (INPI 018090046230).
|
77 |
Understanding the Impacts of Harmful Algal Blooms on Biologically-Active Filtration for Drinking Water TreatmentJeon, Youchul January 2020 (has links)
No description available.
|
78 |
Quantification of Microcystin Production and Loss Rates for the Spatiotemporal Distribution of <i>Microcystis</i><i> aeruginosa</i> Blooms in Lake ErieReitz, Laura A. 12 August 2020 (has links)
No description available.
|
79 |
Effects of microcystin-LR on channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) susceptibility to microbial pathogens (Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella piscicida)Marchant, Alison 09 December 2022 (has links) (PDF)
Microcystin-LR is a hepatotoxin produced by cyanobacteria. Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella piscicida infections are leading causes of losses in market-sized channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). These older fish should have natural immunity in place and a predisposing factor is likely a prerequisite for these disease outbreaks. While microcystin-LR rarely causes mortality in warm-water aquaculture, we believe it may be a predisposing factor that leads to bacterial disease outbreaks during the summer months due to its ability to damage the liver. Our study investigated microcystin-LR’s effects on channel catfish susceptibility to these pathogens. We found that a sublethal dose of microcystin-LR induced substantial damage to multiple immune organs. In our challenges with both the toxin and bacteria, we saw a significant increase in mortality of fish. Our findings suggest that microcystin-LR increases channel catfish susceptibility to Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella piscicida infections.
|
80 |
Macro- and micronutrient effects on stream biofilm and lake phytoplankton communitiesStoll, Jordyn Taylor 28 July 2023 (has links)
No description available.
|
Page generated in 0.0412 seconds