Le sondeur hyperspectral infrarouge IASI, dont le premier modèle vole depuis 2006 sur le satellite défilant météorologique Metop-A, a déjà conduit a des retombées scientifiques très spectaculaires, en prévision météorologie et pour l’étude de la composition atmosphérique et du climat. Les mesures du sondeurs sont toutefois largement sous exploitées en grande partie du a la présence des nuages dans l’atmosphère. Ces derniers interagissent avec le rayonnement incident de façon hautement non-linéaire rendant le traitement de la mesure du sondeur bien plus complexe, voire parfois rédhibitoire pour accéder depuis l’espace aux propriétés des couches atmosphériques situées au-dessus du nuage, mais également en dessous dans le cas de semi-transparence. Cependant, au vue de la quantité d’informations potentielles qu’offre les sondeurs, la communauté scientifique s’intéresse de près a l’exploitation des radiances nuageuse, c’est dans ce cadre que s’inscrivent les travaux de recherche de cette thèse. Nous proposons d’étudier deux schémas nuageux radicalement différents : la clarification nuageuse et un schéma permettant de simuler la radiance nuageuse en utilisant les propriétés optique et microphysique des nuages. La première de ces méthodes, initiée par Smith et al. (1968), permet sous certaines conditions, de faire abstraction du nuage dans le pixel IASI. La méthode est basée sur l’algorithme du logiciel Scenes Heterogenes du CNES. Apres une première étape de validation, les performances de la méthode sont évaluées a travers la quantité d’information indépendante qu’offre la clarification par rapport a une chaine de traitement des radiances nuageuses mise en place au CMS. Les résultats sont favorables à la méthode testée permettant de traiter les couches atmosphériques situées sous le nuage, possédant donc une quantité plus importante. Cependant la clarification repose a la fois sur une hypothèse forte d’homogénéité atmosphérique et ne s’applique qu’à 15% des situations nuageuses. La seconde méthode est une simulation de la radiance nuageuse par des modèles de transfert radiatif rapides utilisant les propriétés optique et microphysique du nuage. Cette méthode présente l’avantage majeur d’utiliser les mêmes profils nuageux que ceux produits par les modèles de prévision numérique, laissant entrevoir l’assimilation de ces profils à partir de la mesure IASI. Cependant, l’utilisation de ces modèles de transfert radiatif rapide dans le cadre d’une assimilation de données n’en est encore qu’à ces prémices, très peu d’études ont été menées sur ce sujet. Nous proposons une étude en trois étapes permettant une utilisation en opérationnel de ces modèles de transfert radiatif. La première étape est une compréhension des modèles et de leur validité en réalisant quelques études de cas s’appuyant sur la campagne de mesures de Lindenberg. Ensuite, dans le cadre de la campagne ConcordIasi, une statistique est réalisée mettant en place des filtrage pour sélectionner uniquement les profils nuageux cohérent avec l’observation IASI. La dernière étape est une application en global, les statistiques révèlent une nette amélioration des écarts a l’ébauche grâce aux filtres, passant de 8K a 2K. Nous proposons tout au long de l’étude une discussion sur les modèles utilises (RTTOV et HISCRTM), leurs points forts et leurs défaillances. Enfin l’ultime étape, permet d’évaluer les performances des profils nuageux issus des modèles de prévision numérique. / The IASI hyperspectral infrared sounding interferometer, the first model of which has been flown on board the meteorological polar orbiting satellite MetOp-A since 2006, has already led to spectacular scientific breakthroughs in both weather forecasting and research into atmospheric composition and the climate. Measurements from the sounders are however largely underutilised, mainly because of the presence of clouds in the atmosphere. The highly non-linear way in which the clouds interact with incident radiation makes analysis of the readings much more complex, and can sometimes even prohibit access from space to the properties of not only the atmospheric layers located above the cloud, but also below them in the case of semi-transparency. However, in view of the potential amount of information offered by the sounders, the scientific community is very interested in exploiting cloud radiance. The research for this thesis stems from this interest. We plan to study two radically different cloud schemes: cloud clarification and a scheme which allows for simulation of cloud radiance by using the optical and microphysical properties of clouds. The first of these methods, initiated by Smith et al. (1968), allows us under certain conditions to disregard the cloud in the IASI pixel. This method is based on the CNES Heterogeneous Scenes software algorithm. After a first validation step, method performance is evaluated by the amount of independent information offered by the clarification, compared to a cloud radiance process chain established at CMS. The results are favorable to the tested method allowing us to deal with atmospheric layers under the cloud, which have therefore larger quantities. However clarification is based on a strong assumption of atmospheric homogeneity and only applies to 15% of cloud situations. The second method is a simulation of cloud radiance by fast radiative transfer models using the optical and microphysical properties of the cloud. The major advantage of this method is that it uses the same cloud profiles as those produced by numerical weather prediction models, allowing assimilation of these profiles from the IASI measurement. However, the use of these fast radiative transfer models in the context of data assimilation is still in the early stages, very few studies have been conducted on this topic. We are proposing a three-phase study which will allow for an operational use of these radiative transfer models. The first step is validation. This is done by conducting several case studies based on Lindenberg’s measurement campaign. Then, within the framework of the ConcordIasi campaign, a statistical analysis will be carried out by introducing filtering, to select cloud profiles which are consistent with the IASI observations. The last step is an overall application, the statistics showing a clear improvement in deviation from the draft thanks to the filters, going from 8K to 2K. Throughout the study we will discuss the models used (RTTOV and HISCRTM), their strengths and weaknesses. Finally the last step allows us to evaluate the performance of the cloud profiles obtained by the digital forecasting models

Nuvens desempenham um papel fundamental no balanço radiativo terrestre, e o conhecimento de suas propriedades micro e macrofísicas é importante para o estudo do clima global. O desenvolvimento convectivo de nuvens está intimamente relacionado ao comportamento microfísico de seus hidrometeoros, os quais são influenciados pela variação nas concentrações de aerossóis disponíveis na atmosfera. Este trabalho utiliza o sensoriamento remoto por satélites para analisar a evolução diurna de propriedades ópticas de hidrometeoros de nuvens sobre a Amazônia. Para tanto, medidas de radiância efetuadas pelos canais 1, 2 e 4 do satélite geoestacionário GOES 13 para os anos de 2012, 2013, 2014 e 2015 foram aliadas a códigos computacionais de transferência radiativa visando a obtenção de estimativas de raios efetivos de gotas e partículas de gelo em nuvens convectivas. A variação temporal de parâmetros microfísicos ao longo do dia foi analisada durante as estações seca e úmida em dois locais prístinos e outros dois locais significativamente atingidos pela fumaça de queimadas na Amazônia. A profundidade óptica de aerossóis ( a em 550 nm) variou de 0,1 a 0,2 na maior parte do ano (estação úmida) sobre todos os locais. Na estação seca nos sítios prístinos observou-se um a em torno de 0,5 unidades, e de cerca de 0,8 nos sítios degradados. Os resultados mostram que para todos os locais analisados há 32% mais pixels de nuvens durante a estação úmida do que na seca. As distribuições relativas de refletâncias em 0,63 m e da temperatura de brilho em 11 m indicam que em todos os sítios e épocas do ano há predominância de nuvens menos espessas e mais quentes sobre a Amazônia. A análise da refletância em 3,90 m indicou que nos quatro locais ocorre uma redução do raio efetivo de hidrometeoros de nuvens quentes na estação seca em relação à estação úmida. A distribuição de raios efetivos é bimodal para todos os sítios e estações analisados, sendo a variação diurna dessa distribuição consistente com processos de desenvolvimento vertical de nuvens e crescimento de hidrometeoros. Esse mecanismo ocorre de maneira distinta em locais mais e menos poluídos, sendo que para regiões mais poluídas e desmatadas o desenvolvimento vertical de tamanhos de partículas na época seca se dá de maneira mais lenta do que na úmida. Para as áreas mais atingidas pela pluma de fumaça durante a estação seca os raios efetivos de gotas/cristais de gelo com temperatura de brilho maior que -20°C praticamente não mudam, sofrendo uma variação máxima de 2 m num período de 2 horas. Para o mesmo intervalo de temperaturas e de tempo a estação seca em ambientes mais limpos apresenta uma variação de até 6 m nos raios efetivos das partículas. Esse resultado é parcialmente compatível com modelos conceituais que procuram explicar efeitos microfísicos de aerossóis sobre o tamanho de hidrometeoros em nuvens. O atraso no crescimento vertical de hidrometeoros é mais pronunciado perto do meio dia solar e em locais onde as concentrações de aerossóis provenientes de queimadas são maiores. / Clouds play a key role in Earths radiative balance. The knowledge of its micro and macrophysical properties is important for the study of global climate. The life cycle of convective clouds is closely related to the microphysics of its hydrometeors, which are influenced by many factors including variations in the concentration of atmospheric aerosols. This study uses remote sensing by a satellite to analyze the diurnal evolution of reflective properties of clouds over Amazon. Radiance measurements performed by channels 1, 2 and 4 of the imager instrument onboard GOES-13 geostationary satellite, from 2012 to 2015, were analyzed using radiative transfer and computational codes. This allowed deriving estimates of the effective radius of cloud droplets and ice particles in convective clouds. The temporal variation of microphysical parameters throughout the day was analyzed during the dry and wet seasons at two pristine sites and two other sites significantly affected by biomass burning smoke in the Amazon. The aerosol optical depth ( a at 550 nm) ranged from 0.1 to 0.2 for most of the year (wet season) over all sites. In the dry season at the pristine sites a a of about 0.5 units was observed, while about 0.8 units were measured at the degraded sites. The results show that for all analyzed sites there were 32% more cloudy pixels during the wet season than in the dry season. The relative distribution of reflectance at 0.63 m and the brightness temperature at 11 m indicate that at all sites and times of the year there is a predominance of shallow warm clouds in the Amazon. The analysis of the reflectance at 3.90 m indicated that at the four sites a reduction of the effective radius of hydrometeors in warm clouds occurs in the dry season in comparison to the wet season. The distribution of effective radius is bimodal for all sites and seasons. The diurnal variation of this bimodal distribution is consistent with processes of vertical cloud development and hydrometeor growth. This mechanism occurs differently in the pristine and degraded sites. At polluted and deforested regions the vertical development of particle sizes in the dry season occurs more slowly than in pristine ones. For the areas more affected by smoke plumes during the dry season the effective radius of drops/ice crystals of clouds with brightness temperature greater than -20°C show small changes with height, undergoing a maximum variation of 2 m in 2 hours. For the same temperature range and time interval in the dry season, clouds in cleaner environments showed a variation up to 6 m in the effective radius of particles. This result is partly compatible with conceptual models that seek to explain microphysical effects of aerosols on the size of hydrometeors. The vertical growth delay of hydrometeors is more pronounced near local solar noon and in places where the concentration of smoke aerosols is higher.

Este trabalho procura mostrar como a mulher ortodoxa judia é representada no cinema israelense. A partir da análise de três filmes: Kadosh, de Amos Gitai, produzido em 1999; Hasodot (Segredos Íntimos), de Avi Nesher, produzido em 2007 e Chufshat Kaitz (My Father, my Lord), de David Volach, produzido em 2007, busca-se compreender como se deram os processos culturais que determinaram alguns comportamentos da sociedade ortodoxa judaica em relação à mulher, enfocando os seguintes temas: fertilidade feminina, homossexualidade, a educação das mulheres e o silêncio. Como arcabouço teórico central estão as obras Vigiar e punir e A microfísica do poder, de Michel Foucault e as fontes tradicionais judaicas, como o Talmud, a Bíblia Hebraica, e outros textos canônicos, utilizadas no sentido de entender como o conhecimento se transforma em poder dentro da sociedade ortodoxa judaica e, nesse contexto, como a mulher é sujeitada por ele. / This paper seeks to show how the orthodox jewish woman is represented in Israeli cinema. From the analysis of three films: Kadosh by Amos Gitai, produced in 1999; Hasodot (The Secrets) by Avi Nesher, produced in 2007 and Chufshat Kaitz (My Father, My Lord) by David Volach, produced in 2007, we look to understand how cultural processes have led to some behaviors of the orthodox jewish community facing women, focusing on the following topics: female fertility, homosexuality, women\'s education and silence. Central theoretical framework are the works by Michel Foucault: Discipline and Punish and The microphysics of power, and the traditional Jewish sources, as the Talmud, the Hebrew Bible, and other canonical texts, used in order to understand how knowledge is transformed into power within the orthodox jewish society and in this context, as the woman is subjected by it.

Dans le domaine du développement d'outils de micromanipulation de haute précision pour le biomédical, les microrobots mobiles immergés font figures de technologie émergente prometteuse pour des applications in-vitro, puis à plus long terme pour l'in-vivo. Mes travaux portent sur l'étude de la propulsion de microrobots par voie magnétique dans des fluides circulant dans des microcanaux, à une échelle où les phénomènes d'adhérence et d'amortissement prévalent. Leur application pour des opérations de transduction est développée dans un deuxième volet.Un dispositif d'asservissement par vision à haute fréquence d’échantillonnage (~5kHz) a été développé rendant possible le contrôle sous champ magnétique uniforme ou gradient. Les performances du système ont notamment demandé l’implémentation d'une interface multi-tâches afin de pouvoir acquérir et traiter les images en parallèle de l'actuation du robot. L'analyse de la dynamique permet de mieux appréhender les phénomènes parfois imprévisibles liés au déplacement du robot, MagPol, intégré dans une puce microfluidique. Il peut réciproquement servir de capteur dans son environnement fluidique.Ce design original de robot a été conçu pour la micromanipulation et permet également d'explorer des nouvelles stratégies de déplacement. Ces capacités ont été éprouvées sur des objets de même taille qu'en biologie cellulaire (billes, bulles).Enfin, une démonstration de l'asservissement visuel en planification de tâche a été effectuée. Sous réserve de posséder un algorithme suffisamment performant, l'échantillonnage haute fréquence en temps réel devient possible et l'observation de performances sur des trajectoires complexes est démontrée. Les performances, la portabilité et la reproductibilité du système démontrent des capacités de transduction à haut débit qui sont très prometteuses pour l'aspect applicatif. / In the research for new high performances tool for micrometric scale manipulation, mobile microrobots immersed are considered as a promising technology for in-vitro applications, and with a long term view in-vivo. My work focuses on the propulsion study of mobile microrobots immersed in microfluidic channels controlled through electromagnets. At this scale, surface and damping phenomena predominates. Application for transduction operation is developed in a second part.A high sampling rate (≈5kHz) visual servoing setup have been developed making a control possible through uniform and gradient magnetic field. Performances of the system have notably required a multi-thread programmed user interface to acquire and analyze the frame in parallel of the robot actuation. Dynamic analysis allow to better apprehend the perturbation dynamics of the robot MagPol, integrated in a microfluidic chip. It can reciprocally serve as a sensor for in fluidic environment.MagPol design has been originally conceived for micromanipulation, and also allows to explore new displacement strategies. Its capacities have been tested on beads and bubbles equivalent to cell biology characteristic size (10µm – 100µm).Finally, a demonstration of planned trajectory using visual servoing was accomplished. Though it has required an algorithm sufficiently efficient, high frequency real-time sampling is possible and lead to control and post observation on complex trajectory. Global performances, repeatability and portability of our system has demonstrated its capacities as a high-throughput transducer, promising for single microagent applications.

Cirrus clouds cover between 20% - 50% of the globe and are an essential component in the climate. The improved understanding of ice cloud microphysical properties is contingent on acquiring and analyzing in-situ and remote sensing data from cirrus clouds. In ??u observations of microphysical properties of ice and mixed-phase clouds using the mini-Video Ice Particle Sizer (mini-VIPS) aboard robotic unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) provide a promising and powerful platform for obtaining valuable data in a cost-effective, safe, and long-term manner. The purpose of this study is to better understand cirrus microphysical properties by analyzing the effectiveness of the mini-VIPS/UAV in-situ platform. The specific goals include: (1) To validate the mini-VIPS performance by comparing the mini-VIPS data retrieved during an Artic UAV mission with data retrieved from the millimeterwavelength cloud radar (MMCR) at the Barrow ARM/CART site. (2) To analyze mini-VIPS data to survey the properties of high latitude mixedphase clouds The intercomparison between in-situ and remote sensing measurements was carried out by comparing reflectivity values calculated from in-situ measurements with observations from the MMCR facility. Good agreement between observations and measurements is obtained during the time frame where the sampled volume was saturated with respect to ice. We also have 1 2 shown that the degree of closure between calculated and observed reflectivity strongly correlates with the assumption of ice crystal geometry observed in the mini-VIPS images. The good correlation increases the confidence in mini-VIPS and MMCR measurements. Finally, the size distribution and ice crystal geometry obtained from the data analysis is consistent with published literature for similar conditions of temperature and ice supersaturation.

Recent research has shown that secondary organic aerosols (SOA) are major contributors to ultrafine particle growth to climatically relevant sizes, increasing global cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations within the continental boundary layer (BL). This thesis contains two separate studies investigating SOA characteristics and the implications of SOA on global climate. The first study investigates two critical, but uncertain, characteristics of SOA: (1) the amount of SOA available to condense and (2) the volatility or condensational behavior of SOA. The second study investigates the effect of biological volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission changes on SOA formation from preindustrial to present day, and the effect on CCN concentrations using BVOC emission estimates over the last millennium.

The direct and indirect effects of aerosols on the hurricane ‘Katrina’ have been investigated using the WRF model with a two-moment bulk microphysical scheme and modified Goddard shortwave radiation scheme. Simulations of the hurricane ‘Katrina’ are conducted under the three aerosol scenarios: 1) the clean case with an aerosol number concentration of 200 cm-1, 2) the polluted case with a number concentration of 1000 cm-1, and 3) the aerosol radiative effects (AR) case with same aerosol concentration as polluted case but with a modified shortwave radiation scheme. The polluted and AR cases have much larger amounts of cloud water and water vapor in troposphere, and the increased cloud water can freeze to produce ice water paths. A tropical cyclone in dirty and dusty air has active rainbands outside the eyewall due to aerosol indirect effects. The aerosol direct effect can lead to the suppressing of convection and weakening of updraft intensity by warming the troposphere and cooling the surface temperature. However, these thermal changes in atmosphere are concerned with the enhanced amounts of cloud hydrometeors and modification of downdraft and corresponding the low level winds in rainband regions. Thus, the AR case can produce the enhanced precipitation even in the weakest hurricane. When comparing the model performance between aerosol indirect and direct effect by ensemble experiments, the adjustment time of the circulation due to modification of the aerosol radiative forcing by aerosol layers may take a longer time than the hurricane lifetime, and the results from the simulated hurricane show that it is more sensitive to aerosol indirect effects which are related to the cloud microphysics process changes. From this aerosol study, we can suggest that aerosols can influence the cloudiness, precipitation, and intensity of hurricanes significantly, and there may be different results in the meso-scale convective clouds cases. The hurricane system is a large and complex convective system with enormous heating energy and moistures. Moreover, relationships between various hydrometeors in hurricane systems are difficult to isolate and thus, it needs further study with more realistic cloud microphysical processes, aerosol distributions, and parameterizations.

This thesis addresses a series of questions related to the problem of achieving reliable and physically consistent representations of aerosol-cloud interaction in global circulation models (GCM). In-situ data and modeling tools are used to develop and evaluate novel parameterization schemes for the process of aerosol activation for applications in GCM simulations. Atmospheric models of different complexity were utilized, ranging from detailed Lagrangian parcel model simulations of the condensational growth of droplets, to one-dimensional single column model with aerosol and cloud microphysics, and finally GCM simulations performed with the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM). A scheme for mapping the sub-grid scale variability of cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNC) to a number of microphysical process rates in a GCM was tested, finding that neglecting this impact can have substantial influences in the integrated cloud properties. A comprehensive comparison and evaluation of two widely used, physically-based activation parameterizations was performed in the framework of CAM5.1. This was achieved by utilizing a numerical adjoint sensitivity approach to comprehensively investigate their response under the wide range of aerosol and dynamical conditions encountered in GCM simulations. As a result of this, the specific variables responsible for the observed differences in the physical response across parameterizations are encountered, leading to further parameterization improvement.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-10-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:58:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 benelli_sj_me_assis.pdf: 946149 bytes, checksum: 2417d6fcd12fd09043119ad50dbd4167 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Nesta pesquisa realizamos uma análise institucional, cujo objetivo é problematizar as práticas formativas eclesiásticas católicas, tais como elas se apresentam nos modos de funcionamento institucional de um Seminário Católico - localizado no Estado de São Paulo - e no registro do saber eclesiástico, como produtoras de uma modalização específica da subjetividade (futuros padres). Através da observação do cotidiano do estabelecimento, de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com diferentes atores institucionais, da análise dos documentos oficiais do Magistério Católico e de uma revisão bibliográfica pertinente, buscamos compreender as relações de formação entre padres formadores e seminaristas como um dispositivo privilegiado de constituição do Seminário como agência de produção de subjetividade. Como mediação e pano de fundo para nossos objetivos examinamos o processo histórico que engendrou a atual sociedade disciplinar, enquanto um projeto do Estado de normalização social, e possibilitou o aparecimento das instituições de seqüestro, que se atualizam em estabelecimentos tais como o Seminário Católico. Concluímos que o Seminário investigado pode ser considerado como uma instituição tipicamente disciplinar cujo principal mecanismo e operador microfísico é o relatório (instrumento de exame, vigilância e sanção normalizadora). Sua origem pode ser encontrada no convento católico medieval, matriz de diversas instituições totais. Sua técnica básica é o confinamento e sua lógica é totalitária e panóptica. O modo de funcionamento desse Seminário Católico se caracteriza pela contradição entre um discurso que privilegia a participação e práticas formativas disciplinares objetivantes e normalizadoras, produzindo uma modalidade de subjetividade de tonalidade perversa. / We have done in this research an institutional analyses, which aims is to examine the Catholic ecclesiastical formation practices by means of institutional functioning from a Catholic Seminary - set in São Paulo State - and the register of the ecclesiastical knowledge, producer of a specific subjectivity pattern (future priests). By observing the everyday of that establishment, the semi-structured interviews with institution actors, the analyses of official documents of the Catholic Ministry and relevant literature, we looked for understanding the formation relationship between priests responsible for the formation and seminarians concerning to a privileged and constitutive device of the seminary as an agent producer of subjectivity. Historical process was the mediator and background for our purposes, which built up the nowadays disciplinary society, a State project for social normality, and opened the way to withdrawal institutions which are renewed at establishments such as the Catholic Seminary. Thus we come to the conclusion that the Seminary focused can be considered as a common disciplinary institution, which maintains the report as its main mechanism and microphysics device (exam tool, surveillance and normal process sanction). Its genesis can be found into the Catholic medieval convent, the matrix to the total institutions. It had used the confinement and a totalitarian and panoptic logic. That Catholic Seminary functionality is characterized by the contradiction between the speech guided to participation and an objectifying and normalizing disciplinary formation practices, producer of a modality of subjectivity with a perverse tonality.

La prévision de l'intensité des cyclones tropicaux est aujourd'hui un enjeu scientifique majeur. Parmi de nombreux facteurs multi-échelle, l'impact de la microphysique nuageuse et des aérosols sur les variations d'intensité a été récemment mis en évidence. Cette problématique a motivé l'évaluation du schéma microphysique à 2-moments LIMA en milieu tropical et le développement d'un couplage avec le schéma d'aérosols ORILAM au sein du modèle atmosphérique Meso-NH. L'intérêt de ce développement numérique est d'inclure l'émission des aérosols marins en fonction des vents cycloniques et des paramètres océaniques. L'application de ce couplage aérosols-microphysique à la simulation du cyclone tropical Dumile (2013) montre que le modèle couplé tend à améliorer la représentation de l'intensité, la trajectoire, la structure microphysique du cyclone tropical et les précipitations associées, en comparaison avec les observations. La production secondaire des cristaux de glace est également un thème de recherche actif en microphysique nuageuse. Ainsi, une paramétrisation du processus de rupture collisionnelle de la glace a été implémentée dans le schéma microphysique LIMA. L'impact de ce processus a été testé sur le développement d'un orage des moyennes latitudes et sur le cyclone tropical Dumile. Les deux cas d'étude ont des réponses similaires vis-à-vis de ce processus : une augmentation de la concentration et de la masse des cristaux de glace et une diminution des cumuls de précipitations. La poursuite de ces travaux pourrait permettre de déterminer si ce processus de formation secondaire peut améliorer la modélisation de la couverture cirriforme des cyclones tropicaux. / Intensity forecast of tropical cyclones is a major scientific issue. Among many factors, the impact of cloud microphysics and aerosols on intensity variations has been recently underlined. This issue motivated the evaluation of the 2-moment microphysical scheme LIMA in a tropical context and the development of a coupling with the aerosol scheme ORILAM into the atmospheric model Meso-NH. The interest of this numerical development is to represent the emission of sea salt aerosols depending on cyclonic winds and oceanic parameters. The application of this aerosols-microphysics coupling to the simulation of tropical cyclone Dumile (2013) shows that the coupled model tends to improve the representation of the intensity, the track, the microphysical structure of the tropical cyclone and the associated precipitation, when comparing with observations. The secondary production of ice crystals is also an active research topic in cloud microphysics. A parameterization of the collisional ice break-up process is thus implemented into the microphysical scheme LIMA. The impact of this process has been analyzed on a mid-latitude storm and on tropical cyclone Dumile. Both case studies display similar results regarding this process: an increase of ice crystals concentration and mass, and a decrease of precipitation. The continuation of this work could allow to determine if this process of secondary formation could improve the cirrus modelling in tropical cyclones.