Texte remanié de: Dissertation--Fachbereich Altertumswissenschaften--Berlin--Freie Universität, 1995. / Bibliogr. p. 155-193 (vol. 1).

Thèse de doctorat : Transport : Paris 12 : 2005. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.

abstract / Geography / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Doctor of Philosophy / This thesis has tried to construct a comprehensive analysis of a clearly defined community of Egyptian Jews in Australia and France, based on the oral history of Egyptian born migrants. Built around the conceptual framework of forced emigration, integration and acculturation, it looks at the successful experience of this particular migrant group within both Australian and French societies. Like the other Jewish communities of Arab lands, the Egyptian Jewish community no longer exists, as it was either expelled or forced into exile in the aftermath of the three Arab-Israeli wars (1948, 1956, 1967). This thesis argues that the rise of an exclusively Arab-Islamic type of nationalism, the growth of Islamic fundamentalism and the escalating Arab-Israeli conflict constituted the fundamental causes for the demise of Egyptian Jewry. As a consequence, almost half of the Jewish population of Egypt went to Israel. The rest dispersed throughout the Western world, mainly in France, North and South America. In Australia, a small group of around 2,000 found a new home. Apart from those who migrated to Israel, the majority of Egyptian Jews experienced a waiting period in Europe before they were accepted by any of the countries of immigration, a period facilitated by international and local Jewish welfare agencies. My interviewees chose Australia mostly to be reunited with family members. They first had to overcome the racial discrimination of the ‘White Australia’ Immigration policy towards Jews of Middle Eastern origin, a hurdle surmounted thanks to the tireless efforts of some leaders of the Australian Jewish community. With their multiple language skills, multi-layered identity and innate ability to interact with a variety of ethnic groups, they succeeded in establishing themselves in an unfamiliar country that initially welcomed them reluctantly. As such, they can be said to have successfully acculturated and integrated into Australian society, whilst retaining their own cultural diversity. The more numerous Egyptian Jews living in France also successfully acculturated. As a larger group, they were better equipped to assert themselves within the older Jewish/French community and retain their distinctive Sephardi culture. Studies such as the present one provide insight into the process of integration and identity reconstruction, as well as the diverse strategies used to ensure a successful acculturation, and the value of a multi-layered identity.

Thèse (M.Sc.)--Université Laval, 2008. / Bibliogr. Publié aussi en version électronique dans la Collection Mémoires et thèses électroniques.

Thèse (Ph.D) -- Université Laval, 2003. / Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 24 mars 2004). Bibliogr.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T16:53:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-04Bitstream added on 2015-05-14T16:58:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000823241.pdf: 1427628 bytes, checksum: a18866fd20115229b733b650631d910e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A contemporaneidade tem sido amplamente marcada por relações de caráter transnacional. A partir de fenômenos da sociedade moderna, tais como a globalização e avanços na tecnologia, mobilidade e comunicação, fluxos migratórios têm se expandido, reduzindo distâncias e criando uma espécie de borramento de fronteiras nacionais que outrora se mostravam bastante delimitadas. Assim, em nossos dias, pode-se observar não apenas uma rápida propagação de transações comerciais, bens e conhecimento entre os mais diversos países do mundo, mas também um aumento substancial de migração de pessoas que, no intuito de atingirem ascensão social e financeira, se mudam para localidades em que se encontraria uma suposta grande oferta de oportunidades. No entanto, estes indivíduos, ao deixarem suas terras natais - sozinhos ou em família - continuam mantendo fortes vínculos com seu país de origem, o que configura suas subjetividades, em diferentes níveis, como construções em trânsito, as quais os distinguem de maneira singular tanto de seus conterrâneos, quanto dos nativos no país de acolhimento. Em meio a este processo, muitos estudiosos têm detectado a relevância da formação de redes sociais - clandestinas ou não - que objetivam facilitar a ida e vinda destes milhares de sujeitos que, a cada ano, atravessam fronteiras. (MASSEY, 1990 e 2006; TILLY, 1990; SOARES, 2003; ASSIS, 2011, SIQEIRA, 2009). Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar a maneira como estes sujeitos reconfiguram suas relações conjugais e de parentesco, a partir de categorias tais como classe, gênero e etnia, a partir da focalização de uma rota migratória bastante conhecida no cenário brasileiro desde meados do século XX: a de cidadãos/ãs de Governador Valadares, em Minas Gerais, à região metropolitana de Boston, em Massachussetts, nos Estados Unidos. Para tal, foram entrevistados casais de migrantes retornados, radicados... / Contemporary society has been widely marked by transnational relations. As technology has advanced and globalization has become predominant, migration trends have expanded, blurring national borders between countries. Therefore, one can now observe not only a rapid dissemination of commercial and intellectual transactions, but also a substantial increase of people seeking better economic and social opportunities. In order to do this, they travel to countries that project a standard of living above their own. However, these individuals, after leaving their native land - by themselves or with their families - continue to maintain strong bonds with their places of origin, leaving them in an ever fluctuating state of subjectivity, in which they no longer identify as citizens of their home country or as citizens of the new. Within such processes, many scholars have noted the formation of social networks - clandestine or not - that are aimed at facilitating international exchanges of people. (MASSEY, 1990 e 2006; TILLY, 1990; SOARES, 2003; ASSIS, 2011, SIQEIRA, 2009). This work intends to investigate the way in which these subjects renegotiate their marriages and kinship in terms of class, gender, and ethnicity. My focus is the well-known migratory route between Governador Valadares, in Minas Gerais, and the metropolitan area of Boston, Massachusetts, in the United States. I interviewed couples who have already returned, who are still in the US, as well as those who, because of the dislocation, got divorced. Throughout these narratives, I attempted to focus on the changes in the dynamics of gender and power, which these experiences had imposed. Furthermore, this study emphasized the crucial role of women in the articulation of these movements. The theoretical apparatus used in this investigation included works by Appadurai (2000), Eriksen (2006) e Brah (2006), in the Cultural Studies Field, as well as reflections by Butler (2008), Moore...

Orientador: Andreas Houfbauer / Banca: Larissa Maués Pelúcio Silva / Banca: Antonio Mendes Braga / Banca: Gláucia de Oliveira Assis / Banca: Luciana Ballestrin / Resumo: A contemporaneidade tem sido amplamente marcada por relações de caráter transnacional. A partir de fenômenos da sociedade moderna, tais como a globalização e avanços na tecnologia, mobilidade e comunicação, fluxos migratórios têm se expandido, reduzindo distâncias e criando uma espécie de borramento de fronteiras nacionais que outrora se mostravam bastante delimitadas. Assim, em nossos dias, pode-se observar não apenas uma rápida propagação de transações comerciais, bens e conhecimento entre os mais diversos países do mundo, mas também um aumento substancial de migração de pessoas que, no intuito de atingirem ascensão social e financeira, se mudam para localidades em que se encontraria uma suposta grande oferta de oportunidades. No entanto, estes indivíduos, ao deixarem suas terras natais - sozinhos ou em família - continuam mantendo fortes vínculos com seu país de origem, o que configura suas subjetividades, em diferentes níveis, como construções em trânsito, as quais os distinguem de maneira singular tanto de seus conterrâneos, quanto dos nativos no país de acolhimento. Em meio a este processo, muitos estudiosos têm detectado a relevância da formação de redes sociais - clandestinas ou não - que objetivam facilitar a ida e vinda destes milhares de sujeitos que, a cada ano, atravessam fronteiras. (MASSEY, 1990 e 2006; TILLY, 1990; SOARES, 2003; ASSIS, 2011, SIQEIRA, 2009). Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar a maneira como estes sujeitos reconfiguram suas relações conjugais e de parentesco, a partir de categorias tais como classe, gênero e etnia, a partir da focalização de uma rota migratória bastante conhecida no cenário brasileiro desde meados do século XX: a de cidadãos/ãs de Governador Valadares, em Minas Gerais, à região metropolitana de Boston, em Massachussetts, nos ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Contemporary society has been widely marked by transnational relations. As technology has advanced and globalization has become predominant, migration trends have expanded, blurring national borders between countries. Therefore, one can now observe not only a rapid dissemination of commercial and intellectual transactions, but also a substantial increase of people seeking better economic and social opportunities. In order to do this, they travel to countries that project a standard of living above their own. However, these individuals, after leaving their native land - by themselves or with their families - continue to maintain strong bonds with their places of origin, leaving them in an ever fluctuating state of subjectivity, in which they no longer identify as citizens of their home country or as citizens of the new. Within such processes, many scholars have noted the formation of social networks - clandestine or not - that are aimed at facilitating international exchanges of people. (MASSEY, 1990 e 2006; TILLY, 1990; SOARES, 2003; ASSIS, 2011, SIQEIRA, 2009). This work intends to investigate the way in which these subjects renegotiate their marriages and kinship in terms of class, gender, and ethnicity. My focus is the well-known migratory route between Governador Valadares, in Minas Gerais, and the metropolitan area of Boston, Massachusetts, in the United States. I interviewed couples who have already returned, who are still in the US, as well as those who, because of the dislocation, got divorced. Throughout these narratives, I attempted to focus on the changes in the dynamics of gender and power, which these experiences had imposed. Furthermore, this study emphasized the crucial role of women in the articulation of these movements. The theoretical apparatus used in this investigation included works by Appadurai ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

This research examines the correlation between government Ineptitude and the rise of internal displacement as an international phenomenon by using Burma, Colombia and Sudan as models for the crisis, as they are nations deeply affected by inefficient governments and constant civil strife. There ls a very strong parallel between the magnitude of displacement and the rote the government plays in igniting, or preventing, conflict in each respective area. These governments have played an active role In the internal displacement crisis by pursuing, encouraging and supporting policies of forced migrations. Internal displacement, like any other socio-political phenomenon, is a consequence of multiple intricately connected factors, but It Is within domestic governments that the power to constrain or ameliorate the effects of these factors lies, and for this reason they should be looked to when searching for solutions. Analyzing this link can provide a lesson on how the international community should respond to the problem and how reintegration, resettlement and involving local populations in the protection of their own rights, can reduce the crisis.

Ce travail est le résultat d’une enquête ethnographique menée entre 2007 et 2012 auprès de migrants bamakois et diplômés résidant à Paris. En mêlant récits d’observation et entretiens, j’ai cherché à saisir la manière dont mes interlocuteurs organisent et se représentent leur expérience migratoire. La migration marque une scission entre le passé bamakois des enquêtés et leur présent parisien, un changement de condition sociale et économique qui leur impose un intense travail d’adaptation. Quelle est la nature de ce travail ? Quelles ressources développent-ils pour faire face aux contraintes qui sont les leurs ? À quelle catégorie de l'entendement font-ils appel pour expliquer et s'expliquer qui ils sont et ce qu'ils font ? À travers cette série de questions, je me suis intéressé aux mécanismes par lesquels mes interlocuteurs prennent place dans l’espace social parisien. Pour en rendre compte, j’ai suivi trois axes de recherche qui ont structuré l’investigation : le capital pré-migratoire, les conditions d’immigration et la relation des bamakois diplômés aux «accueillants». « Le capital pré-migratoire » désigne l’ensemble des ressources dont dispose un individu et qui sont le résultat de sa socialisation avant son émigration. Pour le définir, plusieurs critères peuvent être pris en considération : l’origine sociale et familiale, l’origine géographique, le genre, l’origine ethnique, le degré de scolarité ou encore la religion. Et c'est parce que les enquêtés partagent des dispositions sociales similaires que j'ai choisi de les nommer « bamakois diplômés » : ils sont très majoritairement des hommes issus de la petite bourgeoisie urbaine, ils maîtrisent le français (tant à l’écrit qu’à l’oral) et tous ont obtenu leurs diplômes au Mali (du baccalauréat au doctorat). Par ailleurs, je précise que l’étude du capital pré-migratoire - et de son impact en situation d’immigration - a rapidement révélé la nécessité d’un travail de terrain à Bamako. Effectué entre octobre 2007 et janvier 2008, le séjour au Mali a été motivé par trois objectifs : déterminer avec plus de précision les origines sociales de mes interlocuteurs, appréhender les mécanismes de socialisation familiale et scolaire en milieu urbain (Bamako), mieux comprendre les raisons de leur immigration en France. « Les conditions d’immigration » qu’offrent Paris et sa banlieue aux étrangers demeurent marginales : occupations d'emplois peu ou pas qualifiés dans des secteurs d'activité souvent marginaux, ségrégation résidentielle durable, précarité du statut économique et juridique. Fragilisés dans des domaines essentiels de l’existence, il leur faut malgré tout « tenir ». Ici, je me suis intéressé aux conditions socioéconomiques de vie des enquêtés et aux moyens qu’ils mettent pour agir sur ces conditions. J’ai donc mené l’investigation à l’intérieur des lieux effectifs de leurs activités familiales, professionnelles et de loisirs. Ces lieux forment le cadre global au sein duquel l’expérience d’immigration est vécue et interprétée par mes interlocuteurs. C’est donc dans ce cadre que peuvent être compris les modes d’être et de pensée des bamakois diplômés rencontrés durant l’enquête. « La relation “aux accueillants“ » vise à analyser les façons dont les enquêtés construisent le réel à partir des relations sociales de leur vie quotidienne à Paris. En effet, l’étude du capital pré-migratoire et des conditions d’immigration ne doit pas faire oublier que mes interlocuteurs sont pris dans un réseau de relations sociales. C’est dans et par l’interaction avec les autres qu’ils se forgent leur vision du monde et s’approprient les normes et les valeurs de la société française. Capital pré-migratoire, conditions d’immigration et relation aux « accueillants », ces trois axes de recherche sont considérés comme interdépendants. Ils forment le système d’interprétation construit durant l’enquête pour appréhender l’expérience migratoire des bamakois diplômés de Paris. / Pas de résumé en anglais