Étude théorique sur les institutions de la tutelle officieuse et de l'adoption sous l'application du Code civil de 1804. C'est une étude théorique car la tutelle officieuse n'a pas connue de nombreuses pratiques. Au travers de l'institution de l'adoption, il est analysé et supposé les applications théoriques de l'institution de la tutelle officieuse. Cette étude est à la fois historique et théorique, les liens de filiation fictive y sont analysés afin de permettre une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes d'adoption et d'attachement d'un mineur à l'apparition de l'adoption sous l'application du Code civil de 1804. / Theoretical study on the institutions of the unofficial supervision(guardianship) and the adoption under the application of the Civil code of 1804. It is a theoretical study because the unofficial supervision(guardianship) did not know of numerous practices. Through the institution of the adoption, are analyzed and supposed the theoretical applications of the institution of the unofficial supervision(guardianship). This study is historic and theoretical at once(at the same time), the links of fictitious filiation are analyzed there to allow a better understanding of the mechanisms of adoption and attachment of a minor(miner) the appearance of the adoption under the application of the Civil code of 1804.

Clustering of text data is one of tasks of text mining. It divides documents into the different categories that are based on their similarities. These categories help to easily search in the documents. This thesis describes the current methods that are used for the text document clustering. From these methods we chose Simultaneous keyword identification and clustering of text documents (SKWIC). It should achieve better results than the standard clustering algorithms such as k-means. There is designed and implemented an application for this algorithm. In the end, we compare SKWIC with a k-means algorithm.

This study is within the field of financial innovation and entrepreneurship. The thesis’s primary purpose is to investigate how and why entrepreneurs in Sweden are positioning themselves in regarding Initial Coin Offerings as a new financial vehicle based on the Swedish regulations and the underlying factors to the entrepreneur’s point of view. The literature contributes a limited knowledge of the Swedish industry concerning ICOs, and therefore this research aims to enhance awareness. Through qualitative research based on eleven interviews, we conclude there is a general lack of knowledge and risk-aversion from the absence of regulations in Sweden. Furthermore, all interviewed entrepreneurs were open-minded about an ICO with certain limitations. Considering that, on average, an enticing secondary market has existed for the tokens issued by ICOs, and a remarkable amount of money has been left on the table by project promoters, investors seeking for potential profit have hoarded the cryptocurrency space, creating a situation similar to the dot-com bubble. Thus, we also discuss the benefits, drawbacks, and the possible fate regarding ICOs, a new financing method that should not be overlooked.

This thesis applies the data mining method of decision rules on data from Consulting centre for Metabolism disorders from University hospital Pilsen. As a tool is used the system LISp-Miner, developed at University of Economics, Prague. Decision rules found are evaluated by a specialist. The main parts of this thesis are followings: an overview on main data mining methods and results evalutation methods, description of the data mining method application on data and description and evaluation of results.

The rise of cryptocurrencies has brought with it new math problems with new sets of constraints. The MEV problem entails solving for the ordering of pending trades that maximizes a block creator's profit. In decentralized finance, time is a big constraint, so an exhaustive search of all possible orderings is impossible. I propose a solution to the MEV problem that gives a near optimal result that can be solved in a reasonable amount of time. I layout the method and the formulas required for my solution. Additionally, I test my solution on synthesized data to show that it works as desired.

Le premier objectif fixé en début de ma thèse est de bien comprendre le contexte industriel et théorique de la fiabilité mécanique ainsi que les méthodes employées, afin de prouver l'efficacité de la méthodologie adoptée. Nous présentons en détails les caractéristiques des systèmes mécaniques ayant un effet direct sur l'évaluation de leur fiabilité. Après, nous passons en revue les principales méthodes d'évaluation de la fiabilité mécanique. Deux types de méthodes d'évaluation de la fiabilité sont présentés, la démarche traditionnelle et la méthode probabiliste, avec quelques commentaires sur leurs limites d'utilisation.<br />Ensuite, nous présentons essentiellement les méthodes d'estimation de la fiabilité par les essais dans le cycle de développement d'un produit. Différentes catégories d'essais interviennent dans les études conceptuelles, les programmes de développement et les processus de fabrication. Nous montrons que les essais accélérés sont les plus courts avec un avantage certain économiquement.<br />La dernière partie, est consacrée à l'étude des méthodes d'essais accélérés et leurs applications en mécanique. En particulier, nous considérons l'application des modèles standards de vie accélérée (SVA) à des composants soumis au dommage par fatigue, en menant des analyses théoriques, par simulation et expérimentales. Pour cela, nous avons développé un modèle d'essai de fatigue à partir des modèles d'endommagement par fatigue, ce modèle a été validé par des outils de simulation. Ensuite nous avons appliqué les modèles SVA selon deux types de plans d'expériences, un plan d'essai par régression et un deuxième avec endommagement préalable accéléré. Des approches paramétrique, semi-paramétrique et non paramétrique sont utilisées pour estimer les paramètres des modèles en question.<br />Cette étude a permis d'estimer la fiabilité des systèmes soumis à des dégradations mécaniques, dans les conditions normales d'utilisation et pour la première fois de démontrer l'applicabilité des modèles SVA avec des données réelles des plans d'expériences dans le domaine de la mécanique.

Master's thesis deals with description of a new trading system known as BitCoin. Bitcoin is a unique type of virtual cash in the current world without the influence of large corporations. The system is protected through the use of cryptographic methods that are discussed in detail.  The work explains the principles of integrity of transactions exchange transactions and the acquisition of new money through so-called miners. Individual miners services are mediated through software clients including a description of mining. The paper focuses on protocols for communication. It analyzes the different types of software purses for platforms Windows, Linux and Android. Examining reengineering of purses for Android. This document in no small part discusses the implementation own wallets for the Windows Phone platform 8th.

A cafeicultura representa uma das atividades agrícolas de maior importância para o Brasil e para a Colômbia e ultimamente tem sido impactada negativamente, devido às condições climáticas desfavoráveis com desvios da normalidade da precipitação pluviométrica e de altas temperaturas do segundo semestre do 2015 no caso do Brasil e na Colômbia, na safra 2015-2016, foi altamente impactada pelos efeitos do evento climático El Niño que aumentou os níveis de infestação da brocado- café e com a seca prolongada, que tem afetado a qualidade do grão. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estabelecer o zoneamento de Hypothenemus hampei e Leucoptera coffeella, pragas no cafeeiro em Brasil e na Colômbia, com base nas suas exigências térmicas. Os resultados obtidos para H. hampei, mostraram que a praga se desenvolve na faixa térmica de 15 a 32°C; a 25°C foram observados os maiores valores de taxa liquida de reprodução (Ro) e da razão finita de aumento (&lambda;); sendo que Ro foi maior nesta temperatura, pois, a cada geração a população de H. hampei aumentou 127,8 vezes. O estudo das exigências térmicas de H. hampei indicaram que o limite térmico de desenvolvimento ou temperatura base (Tb) é de 13°C e a constante térmica (K) de 312 GD. Com a determinação das exigências térmicas de H. hampei e mediante a utilização de um Sistema de Informação Geográfica, foi possível obter mapas de distribuição do desenvolvimento deste inseto para o estado de São Paulo no Brasil e para a região produtora de café na Colômbia. Assim, para o estado de São Paulo, podem ocorrer de 4,56 a 9,25 gerações/ano, levando-se em consideração as exigências térmicas desta praga. A maior incidência da praga deve coincidir com o aumento da temperatura e com a disponibilidade de frutos de café aptos a serem infestados. Para a Colômbia, o número de gerações/ano pode ser de 5,85 a 13,55; sendo que 93% da cafeicultura deste pais, pode apresentar a broca-do-café o ano todo. O bicho-mineiro do cafeeiro, L. coffeella, se desenvolve na faixa térmica de 15 a 32°C; a 28°C foram observados os maiores valores de taxa liquida de reprodução (Ro) e da razão finita de aumento (&lambda;); o valor de Ro foi visivelmente maior nesta temperatura, pois, a cada geração a população de L. coffeella aumentou 22,23 vezes. O estudo das exigências térmicas de L. coffeella, mostrou que o limite térmico de desenvolvimento ou temperatura base (Tb) é de 13°C e a constante térmica (K) de 259 GD. Com a determinação, em condições de laboratório, das exigências térmicas de L. coffeella e mediante a utilização de um Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), foi possível obter mapas de distribuição do desenvolvimento deste inseto para o estado de São Paulo no Brasil. Assim, podem ocorrer de 5,12 a 14,17 gerações/ano, levando-se em consideração as exigências térmicas desta praga. Os dados obtidos no presente trabalho poderão auxiliar na estimativa do número de gerações mensais e anuais para o fortalecimento dos programas de manejo integrado destes insetos. / Coffee culture is one of the main agriculture activities for Brazil and Colombia, with recently negative impacts due to unfavorable climatic conditions as the result of subnormal rain period and increased temperatures during the second half of 2015. In both the mentioned countries, 2015 -2016 yields has been affected by the dry climatic effect of the \"el Niño\" phenomena favoring the coffee berry borer infestation and the the grain quality decrease. The present research aimed to establish the climatic zoning for Hypothenemus hampei and Leucoptera coffeella based on their thermal requirements. Results showed for H. hampei developed into the thermal range between 15 and 32°C; at 25°C were observed the higher liquid net reproduction rate (Ro) and increase finite rate (&lambda;), being the Ro 127,8 times. Thermal requirements estimated for H. hampei showed the temperature threshold (Tt) as 13°C and the thermal constant (K) as 312 DD. Estimation of the thermal requirements for H. hampei in laboratory and with the use of Geographic Information System tool (GIS), were obtained insect lifetime distribution maps at the Sao Paulo state and the coffee production region at Colombia. In this way, at Sao Paulo state 4,56 to 9,25 generations/year can be obtained. Higher pest incidence should be coincident with both temperature increases and coffee fruit availability to be infested. At the Colombian coffee crop region, 5,85 to 13,55 generations/year can be obtained between 18 to 24°C temperature range, with that 93% of the coffee crop can be infested with the coffee berry borer whole of the year. The leaf miner L. coffeella, develops at thermal requirements between 15 to 32°C, being the 28°C temperature with the higher net reproduction rate (Ro) and increase finite rate (&lambda; ); showing a population increase per generation of 22,23 times. Thermal requirements for L. coffeella showed the temperature threshold (Tt) is 13°C and the thermal constant (K) of 259 DD. Using the before mentioned variables in laboratory and using the Geographic Information System tool, insect lifetime distribution maps were obtained at the Sao Paulo state in Brazil. 5,12 to 14,17 generations/ year can occur. Data obtained could contribute in the monthly and yearly generation pest generations determination for the integrated pest management programs of these pests.

In computer science, an ontology is a machine-processable representation of knowledge about some domain. Ontologies are encoded in ontology languages, such as the Web Ontology Language (OWL) based on Description Logics (DLs). An ontology is a set of logical statements, called axioms. Some axioms make universal statements, e.g. all fathers are men, while others record data, i.e. facts about specific individuals, e.g. Bob is a father. A set of universal statements is called TBox, as it encodes terminology, i.e. schema-level conceptual relationships, and a set of facts is called ABox, as it encodes instance-level assertions. Ontologies are extensively developed and widely used in domains such as biology and medicine. Manual engineering of a TBox is a difficult task that includes modelling conceptual relationships of the domain and encoding those relationships in the ontology language, e.g. OWL. Hence, it requires the knowledge of domain experts and skills of ontology engineers combined together. In order to assist engineering of TBoxes and potentially automate it, acquisition (or induction) of axioms from data has attracted research attention and is usually called Ontology Learning (OL). This thesis investigates the problem of OL from general principles. We formulate it as General Terminology Induction that aims at acquiring general, expressive TBox axioms (called general terminology) from data. The thesis addresses and investigates in depth two main questions: how to rigorously evaluate the quality of general TBox axioms and how to efficiently construct them. We design an approach for General Terminology Induction and implement it in an algorithm called DL-Miner. We extensively evaluate DL-Miner, compare it with other approaches, and run case studies together with domain experts to gain insight into its potential applications. The thesis should be of interest to ontology developers seeking automated means to facilitate building or enriching ontologies. In addition, as our experiments show, DL-Miner can deliver valuable insights into the data, i.e. can be useful for data analysis and debugging.

As plantas apresentam diferentes e complexos mecanismos de defesa, que atuam em conjunto, em respostas a estresses bióticos e abióticos, cuja natureza e intensidade de resposta variam com a idade, o grau de adaptação e a fenologia (OLIVEIRA, 2003). O objetivo principal da pesquisa consiste em: (i) identificar os ácidos clorogênicos nas folhas de Coffea arabica L., cultivar Obatã IAC 1669-20, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99, e das populações em seleção H14945-46 e H20049, e (ii) quantificar as várias classes de ácidos clorogênicos, nos mesmos genótipos, durante a fase reprodutiva do cafeeiro (florescimento, frutochumbinho, expansão/granação e maturação). Os compostos fenólicos foram separados por meio da cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (Shimadzu, modelo LC-20A) para as análises em CLAE-DAD. O perfil cromatográfico dos genótipos estudados não diferiram entre si. Durante as fases de frutificação houve variação nos teores de ácido clorogênico e dos fenóis totais, no qual apresentou menores valores na fase de granação. O genótipo H14954-46 resistente ao bicho-mineiro apresentou o ácido clorogênico referente ao pico 5, incomum aos outros genótipos estudados. As folhas infestadas por bichomineiro (Leucoptera coffeella) apresentaram menores concentrações de fenóis totais, bem como de alguns ácidos clorogênicos e flavanóides, já as folhas inoculadas por ferrugem (Hemileia vastatrix) apresentaram maiores concentração. Há evidências de que os ácidos clorogênicos participem do complexo mecanismo de defesa das plantas. / The plants present different and complex mechanisms of defense, that work together, in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, whose nature and intensity of response varies with age, the degree of adaptation and phenology. The main objective from the research is: (i) detect the chlorogenic acids in the leaves of Coffea arabica L., cultivars Obatã IAC 1669-20 and Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99, and of the populations into selection H14945-46 and H20049, and (ii) quantify the several classes of chlorogenic acids, in the same coffee plants, during the fructification phases of the coffee tree (flowering, fruits at the beginning of growth , grain expansion/seed, grain maturation). The phenolic compounds have been apart through high performance liquid chromatography (Shimadzu , model LC -20A) for the analyses in CLAE DAD. The studied chromatography profile of the coffee plants has presented no difference between them. During the fructification phases there was variation at the content of chlorogenic acid and of the total phenols, in which has presented under age values at the phase as of grain expansion. The plants of H14954-46 resistant to the coffee leaf miner have presented the chlorogenic acid referring to pico 5, no common to the other coffee plants studied. The infested leaves by coffee leaf miner (Leucoptera coffeella) presented lower concentrations of total phenols, as well as, of some chlorogenic acids and flavanoids, unlike, the leaves inoculate by rust (Hemileia vastatrix) presented greater concentration. There is evidence that chlorogenic acids have involved in the complex defense mechanism of plants.