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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Landfill Mining : Institutional challenges for the implementation of resource extraction from waste deposits

Johansson, Nils January 2016 (has links)
The overall aim of the thesis is to examine the institutional conditions for the implementation and emergence of landfill mining. The result shows that  current policy makes it difficult for landfill mining operators to find a market outlet for the exhumed material, which means that landfill mining may result in a waste disposal problem. Regulations also restrict accessibility to the material in landfills. Therefore, it has generally been municipal landfill owners that perform landfill mining operations, which directs learning processes towards solving landfill problems rather than resource recovery. Landfill mining is not, however, necessarily to be perceived as a recycling activity. It could also be understood as a remediation or mining activity. This would result in more favorable institutional conditions for landfill mining in terms of better access to the market and the material in the landfill. The regulatory framework surrounding landfills is based on a perception of landfills as a source of pollution, a problem that should be avoided, capped and closed. Extracting resources from landfills, challenges this perception and therefore results in a mismatch with the regulatory framework. On the other hand, the material in mines is typically regarded in the formal institutions as a positive occurrence. Mining activities are regarded as the backbone of the Swedish economy and therefore receive various forms of political support. This favorable regulatory framework is not available for secondary resource production. Based on the identified institutional conditions, institutional challenges are identified. The core of these challenges is a conflict between the policy goal of increased recycling and a non-toxic environment. Secondary resources are typically punished through strict requirements for marketability, while primary resources are supported through subsidies such as tax exemptions. The authorities lack capacity to manage the emergence of unconventional and complex activities such as landfill mining. The institutional arrangements that are responsible for landfills primarily perceive them as pollution, while the institutions responsible for resources, on the other hand, assume them to be found in the bedrock. The major contribution of the thesis is to go beyond the potential-oriented studies of landfill mining to instead focus on how institutions relate to landfill mining. In order to move towards a resource transition with dominant use of secondary resources a new institutional order is proposed.
2

A review of policy and legal framework to promote Zimbabwe's competitiveness in the mining sector

Saungweme, Willis Z 17 November 2006 (has links)
Faculty of Engineering and Built Enviroment School of Mining Engineering 0405669f Willis.Saungwame@bhpbilliton.com / The Republic of Zimbabwe is a landlocked country located in the southern part of the continent of Africa, between the Victoria Falls, Zambezi River, Kariba Dam and Limpopo River. It is surrounded by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the west, Zambia to the north and Mozambique to the east. The country is well endowed with mineral wealth and has been a reputable contributor to the region’s gold, coal, nickel and chromium production in the late 90’s, but this has negatively changed for the worse. Since 2000, Zimbabwe has been on economic recession resulting in growing global interest in the country’s economic and social environment. The lucrative mining sector has also been adversely affected by the harsh economic climate hence thwarting flow of foreign direct investment (FDI) into the country which is needed to boost Greenfield and Brownfield competitiveness in the sector. Apart from its lucrative mining sector the country has done very little in harnessing the anticipated FDI that should ensue. Concerns about governance, the rule of law and human rights, and the continued lack of clarity about property rights have severely damaged confidence, discouraged investment, and promoted capital flight and emigration, thus contributing to the economic decline. Its competitiveness in attracting FDI has since declined because of the international perception of the country’s high political risk. The country has failed to live up to expectations with regards to mineral resource development in the region. The research established that, governance issues are at the helm of the current low performance of the economy. It therefore prescribes a complete change in government’s attitude and calls for it to develop a long overdue mineral policy document to map a strategic way forward for the country’s mineral resource development. Interestingly the country has been hailed to have one of the most liberal mineral administration laws through the Mines and Minerals Act of 1996. Its fiscal incentives to the mining sector compare favourably with the rest of the region e.g. a corporate tax of 15% for exporting mining companies and currently most gold operations are royalty exempt among others. There is a growing divergence from iv policies to actions on the ground. The rule of law is under threat and corruption has taken its toll. It is therefore important for this research to analyse the historical performance of the country in the mining sector to formulate policies and recommendations that will improve the country’s competitiveness in the sector. The policy and fiscal incentives should continuously be revisited to be in tandem with global developments. The endowment theory, strongly believed by the country’s mining ministry as illustrated by Tilton in 1992 is not conclusive in attracting FDI especially in this dynamic global economy. More and more developing countries are revising their investment policies to try and improve competitiveness of their investment environments. Zimbabwe should emulate countries like Chile currently leading the pack in attracting FDI in the mining sector. There is now fierce competition in attracting investment into a country because now, the investor has more countries to choose from. Zimbabwe should seriously focus on getting rid of all the negative aspects that have seriously affected its economic performance and quickly develop policies that auger well with regional integration and various other NEPAD, SADC and AU policies that underpin African development. The mining sector is a driver for economic development if properly supported as shown within the research.
3

Addressing "Wicked Problems" through Governance for Sustainable Development - A Comparative Analysis of National Mineral Policy Approaches in the European Union

Endl, Andreas 12 October 2017 (has links) (PDF)
The achievement of sustainable development (SD) in the supply of minerals poses significant challenges for governments and public administrations on all levels, because ensuring a sustainable supply constitutes a "wicked" problem that has no clear set of alternative solutions due to its social, institutional and scientific complexities. This paper explores how this problem is addressed through "governance for SD" principles (horizontal policy integration and participation; long-term vision/short-term action; and reflexivity and learning) in the design and delivery of national mineral policy strategies (NMS) in five EU Member States (Austria, Finland, Greece, Portugal and Sweden). Following a grounded theory approach on data collected through document analysis and complementary qualitative interviews, the author identified several analytical categories for the selected governance for SD' principles. Although no "one-size-fits-all" recipe for best practice on governance for SD exists in the five NMS, Finland, Portugal and Sweden meet high standards: These NMS display practical examples of governance for SD integration and, thus, lay the foundations for achieving policy outcomes in the sectoral policy strategies of the mineral supply.
4

Gestão de agregados minerais = análise e subsídios para políticas públicas / Management ggregates : comparite analysis betwen Canada and Brazil and subsidies for public policies

Fantin, Marcel, 1979- 18 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Hildebrando Herrmann, Richard Poulin / Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T20:45:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fantin_Marcel_D.pdf: 24079682 bytes, checksum: 859c31d723a91364d5f0a38679cb7e96 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Os impactos biofísicos e sociais causados pela mineração de agregados têm colocado este ramo da mineração no centro de situações de conflito, seja por causa do avanço da urbanização sobre áreas de mineração ou por causa de pressões da sociedade civil para impor restrições ao seu desenvolvimento. A busca de soluções para este problema tem exigido do poder público uma grande capacidade de conciliar os interesses divergentes e de assegurar o equilíbrio entre a oferta e a demanda por estes bens minerais. Para este fim, Política e Gestão desempenham um papel fundamental, pois estas são um instrumento eficaz de planejamento e ação. O objetivo desta tese é analisar e comparar experiências de políticas e gestão aplicada aos agregados minerais no Canadá e Brasil. Foram analisados os instrumentos dessas políticas, o desenho organizacional do Estado e o conflito entre o planejamento local e regional. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que os casos canadenses analisados são baseados em um forte planejamento provincial, que visa proteger os depósitos dos agregados minerais da esterilização, a fim de atender a demanda futura. Por outro lado, as províncias têm feito grandes esforços para garantir a recuperação de áreas degradadas pela mineração, utilizando, para isso, instrumentos econômicos, tais como cauções e seguros. Especialmente na Província de Ontário, a sua política de agregados minerais é mais eficiente em termos de seus principais objetivos e tem uma postura pró-ativa do setor de produção de agregados minerais. No entanto, seu foco não é o caminho do desenvolvimento sustentável. Para isso seria necessário alterar sua política baseada na garantia da oferta de agregados minerais por uma política baseada em uma gestão econômica da demanda. No Brasil, observou-se que, diferentemente do Canadá, a base legislativa do país permite uma participação muito pluralista das diferentes esferas de poder quando se trata de leis e elaboração de políticas ambientais para os agregados minerais. Entretanto, os resultados dessas políticas nos estudos de caso analisados têm sido bastante limitados devido a problemas como a falta de normas constitucionais que definam claramente as competências legislativas e materiais no âmbito federal, estadual e municipal. Tal situação tem levado à promulgação de leis contraditórias e ações desconexas entre os órgãos públicos responsáveis pela execução das políticas relacionadas com agregados minerais. Ainda, a falta de garantias para a recuperação de áreas degradadas pela mineração de agregados é um problema a ser resolvido a fim de garantir operações em sintonia com as modernas exigências ambientais / Resumé: Les perturbations biophysiques et sociaux causés par l'exploitation en carrière des granulats a placée dans le centre de scénarios de conflit, que ce soit en raison des progrès de l'urbanisation sur les ressources en granulats ou en raison de pressions de la société civile pour imposer des restrictions à leur développement. La recherche de solutions à ce problème a en outre demandé aux gouvernements public une grande habileté pour concilier les intérêts divergents et à assurer l'équilibre entre l'offre et la demande pour ces produits minéraux. À cette fin, la politique et la gestion jouent un rôle fondamental, car elles sont un outil efficace pour la planification et l'action. L'objectif de ce papier est d'analyser et de comparer leurs expériences de politiques appliquées aux granulats minéraux en provenance du Canada et du Brésil. Nous avons analysé les instruments de ces politiques, la conception de l'état d'organisation, le conflit entre la planification locale et régionale et les différences entre les points de vue de l'industrie et les intervenants. Les résultats de recherche illustré que les politiques canadiennes relatives aux granulats minéraux sont fondées sur une solide planification provinciale qui cherche à protéger les dépôts des granulats minéraux de la stérilisation afin de répondre à la demande future. D'autre part, les provinces ont fait de grands efforts pour assurer la réhabilitation des zones dégradées par l'exploitation minière, en utilisant, pour cela, des instruments économiques tels que les dépôts de garantie et les assurances. Ces politiques sont plus efficaces en termes de leurs principaux objectifs et ont a une posture pro-active du secteur de la production de granulats mineraux. Cependant, ce modèle a été vivement contestée par la société civile, surtout dans la province de l'Ontario, qui a pressé le gouvernement provincial de modifier l'approche traditionnelle de politique que qui se concentre sur le approvisionnement de granulats minéraux et la réhabilitation des zones dégradées pour une politique basée sur la conservation de l'environnement et la gestion de la demande de ces minéraux. Au Brésil, il a été observé que, contrairement au Canada, la base législative du pays permet une participation très pluraliste des différentes sphères du pouvoir quand il s'agit de l'élaboration de lois et de politiques pour les granulats mineraux. Cependant, les résultats de ces politiques ont été plutôt limités, malgré les efforts considérables déployés ces dernières années. Des problèmes tels que l'absence de règles constitutionnelles qui définissent clairement les pouvoirs législatifs et matériaux aux niveaux fédéral, étatique et municipal ont conduit à la promulgation de lois contradictoires et des actions disjointes entre les entités publiques chargées de la mise en oeuvre des politiques relatives aux granulats mineraux. Pourtant, l'absence de garanties pour le récupération des zones dégradées par l'exploitation minière des granulats est un problème être résolus afin d'assurer une extraction plus efficace et qu'il est en conformité avec les exigences environnementales modernes / Abstract: The biophysical and social disruption caused by aggregates mining has placed it at the center of conflict scenarios, either because of advancing urbanization on the aggregates resources or because of pressures from civil society to impose restrictions on their development. The search for solutions to this problem has required of the governments a large ability to reconcile the divergent interests and to ensure a balance between the supply and demand of these mineral goods. To this end, policy and management play a fundamental role, since they are an efficient tool for planning and action. The aim of this thesis is to analyze and compare experiences of policy and management applied to mineral aggregates in Canada and Brazil. We analyzed the instruments of these policies, the state organizational design and the conflict between the local and regional planning.The research results showed that the Canadian policies related to mineral aggregates are based on a strong provincial planning that seeks to protect the deposits of mineral aggregates from sterilization in order to meet future demand. On the other hand, the provinces have made great efforts to ensure the rehabilitation of areas degraded by mining, using, for this, economic instruments such as deposits and insurances. Such policies are more efficient in terms of their main goals and have a pro-active posture of the mineral aggregates producing sector. However, this model has been hotly contested by civil society, especially in the Province of Ontario, which has pressed the provincial government to change the traditional policy approach that focuses on the provision of mineral aggregates and the rehabilitation of degraded areas to a policy based on environmental conservation and the management of demand for these mineral inputs. In Brazil, it has been observed that, unlike Canada, the country's legislative basis allows a very pluralistic participation of the different spheres of power when it comes to drafting laws and policies for mineral aggregates. However, the results of these policies have been rather limited, despite the great efforts made in recent years. Problems such as the lack of constitutional rules that clearly define the legislative and materials powers at the federal, state and municipal levels have led to the enactment of conflicting laws and disjointed actions between the public entities responsible for the implementation of policies related to mineral aggregates. Still, the lack of guarantees for the recovery degraded areas by aggregates mining is a problem to be faced in order to ensure a more efficient extraction and that it is in line with modern environmental requirements / Doutorado / Geologia e Recursos Naturais / Doutor em Ciências
5

Regulação e autorregulação bancária em matéria socioambiental : financiamento da atividade minerária no Brasil / Regulation and autoregulation banking in matters environmental and social : finance in Brazil mining activity

Lazanha, Liege Karina Souza, 1979- 22 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Hildebrando Herrmann / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T19:07:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lazanha_LiegeKarinaSouza_D.pdf: 2196350 bytes, checksum: 5d6893ccb129a84b35401eccb2b486d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O conceito de finanças sustentáveis está intimamente associado ao compromisso das Instituições Financeiras em prevenir e minimizar os impactos socioambientais associados às suas carteiras de crédito e aos seus negócios. Ao introduzir a sustentabilidade em sua estratégia, as instituições financeiras buscam aperfeiçoar suas ferramentas de gestão de riscos socioambientais. Para que isto aconteça, atualmente conta-se com a crescente regulação para avaliação dos riscos socioambientais como também iniciativas nacionais e internacionais de autorregulação da matéria. A análise dos instrumentos de regulação e autorregulacão bancária em material socioambiental aplicados no financiamento da atividade mineral, considerando as especificidades deste setor econômico é a temática escolhida para esta tese. Os objetivos foram identificar e analisar os critérios socioambientais mais adequados para avaliação socioambiental no financiamento da atividade de mineração, considerando os critérios já adotados na atividade bancária no Brasil; os impactos sociais, ambientais e econômicos peculiares da atividade minerária, os instrumentos de regulação e autorregulação financeira e as boas práticas nacionais e internacionais e, a partir da identificação e análise destes critérios socioambientais, fornecerem subsídios para políticas setoriais na avaliação socioambiental no financiamento da atividade de mineração a serem adotadas pelos Bancos no Brasil. Para o alcance destes objetivos foi aplicada uma pesquisa exploratória com a coleta de dados primários e secundários de diversas fontes, buscou-se o cruzamento de vários dados e informações de forma a conhecer a maior quantidade de variáveis possível para subsidiar políticas setoriais socioambientais para o setor mineral. Concluiu-se que as Instituições Financeiras evoluíram na adoção de práticas de sustentabilidade, principalmente na análise dos riscos socioambientais no financiamento de projetos, assim como se constatou que a concessão de crédito na modalidade de projeto estruturado ou Project finance é a mais adequada para garantir a adoção de padrões de sustentabilidade para os projetos, todavia verificou-se, para algumas situações, a falta de divulgação de diretrizes específicas na avaliação de relevantes impactos e riscos específicos da mineração, como a proteção das comunidades atingidas, adoção de garantias financeiras para após encerramento da atividade minerária, entre outros / Abstract: The concept of sustainable finance is closely associated with the commitment of financial institutions in preventing and minimizing the environmental impacts associated with their credit portfolios and their businesses. By introducing sustainability into their strategy, financial institutions seek to improve their tools for environmental risk management. For this to happen it is noticeable the increasing regulation for environmental risk assessment as well as national and international initiatives for self-regulation of the matter. The analysis of the regulatory instruments and bank self-regulation in environmental matters applied in financing mineral activity, considering the specificities of this economic sector is the theme chosen for this thesis. The objectives were to identify and analyze the environmental criteria more appropriate for evaluating the environmental funding for mining activity, considering the criteria already adopted in banking in Brazil, the social, environmental and economic peculiarities of mining activity, the instruments of financial regulation and self-regulation and best practices both in national and international environment, and from the identification and analysis of social and environmental criteria, provide subsidies to sectoral policies on environmental assessment in the financing of mining activity, to be adopted by banks in Brazil. To reach these goals an exploratory research collecting primary and secondary data from various sources was employed, the intersection of various data and information were sought in order to observe as many variables as possible to subsidize environmental sector policies for the mining sector. The conclusion points that financial institutions evolved in the adoption of sustainability practices, especially in the analysis of social and environmental risk in project financing, and found that the granting of credit in the form of structured projects or Project finance is the most adequate to ensure the adoption of sustainability standards for the projects, but the lack of specific guidelines in the assessment of relevant impacts and risks of mining was observed in some cases, as the protection of affected communities, adoption of financial guarantees for after closure of mining activity, among others / Doutorado / Geologia e Recursos Naturais / Doutora em Ciências
6

Os arranjos produtivos locais como alternativa de politica mineral para o segmento exportador de rochas ornamentais na Bahia / The clusters with alternative of government as mineral policy enhancements to the exporter segment of ornamental stones in Bahia

Alves, Alexandre, 1973- 25 August 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Rachel Negrão Cavalcanti / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T09:54:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alves_Alexandre_D.pdf: 4348305 bytes, checksum: 220fb238b7f5463312cd8526e051cbe1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A motivação inicial desta tese foi estudar a participação da pequena e média empresa nas atividades exportadoras do Estado da Bahia. Após o mapeamento dos segmentos produtivos envolvidos, buscou-se identificar um setor onde houvesse uma vantagem comparativa natural ou construída localmente. Como objeto de estudos, elegeu-se a indústria de rochas ornamentais, representada pelos mármores e granitos, em função de uma série de condições favoráveis à sua expansão: presença de matéria-prima local diferenciada, com uma variedade de tipos conhecidos internacionalmente como exóticos e excepcionais; expansão da demanda interna e externa por seus produtos, pela crescente utilização de rochas naturais na construção civil; número significativo de micro e pequena empresas no ramo, inclusive exportadoras; capacidade de geração de empregos não agrícolas nas zonas rurais e semi-árida. Apesar dos fatores positivos, a indústria baiana está concentrada na extração e venda de matéria-prima para os mercados interno e externo. Sua participação nas exportações brasileiras de rochas processadas tem sido decrescente. Para tentar analisar o problema primeiramente, fez-se uma revisão das principais abordagens de teoria econômica sobre os fatores determinantes do comércio internacional, dos economistas clássicos às teorias dos clusters. Várias correntes teóricas demonstram que a inserção de pequenas e médias empresas no mercado mundial pode ser viabilizada pela formação de arranjos produtivos locais com a participação ativa dos agentes institucionais de coordenação. Depois de se fazer um estudo da indústria de pedras ornamentais, nos planos internacional e nacional, com base na literatura sobre arranjos produtivos, procurou-se identificar onde havia aglomerações de empresas dedicadas à serragem de rochas que pudessem se constituir num ponto de partida para a formação de arranjos produtivos locais. O estudo empírico foi focado nas serrarias de mármore bege de Jacobina e Ourolândia (região norte, no semi-árido baiano), e nas produtoras de chapas e ladrilhos de granito em Salvador, Feira de Santana (110 km de Salvador, direção noroeste), e Teixeira de Freitas (no extremo sul do Estado). Na conclusão do trabalho, enumeraram-se os principais mecanismos de políticas públicas como alternativas para promover a evolução virtuosa da indústria baiana de rochas ornamentais / Abstract: The driving force of this thesis was the study of the participation of small - and medium - sized firms in the export market of the State of Bahia, Brazil. After identifying its main productive fields, the work was focused on finding a sector industry, specializing in marble and granite, was selected as the main object of study, due to a series of favorable conditions to its expansion: avail ability know as exotic and exceptional; growth of the international and domestic demand for its products, as a result of the increasing use of natural stones in the construction sector; rising number of small-and medium-sized firms within the activity, including exporting companies; creation of non-agricultural jobs in rural areas of the semi-arid region. Despite the positive factors, the dimension ornamental stone industry in Bahia is concentrated on the extraction and sale of raw materials to both domestic and foreign markets. Its participation in the Brazilian exports of processed stone has been declining. In order to evaluate the problem, first a review of the main approaches on the determining factors to international trade was made, by the different schools of economic theory, from the classic economists to the cluster approach. Various theoretical models demonstrate that the insertion of small-and medium-size companies in the world market can be feasible by the organization of local clusters with support of institutional coordination. After studying the ornamental industry on both the target was find a concentration of firms, specialized in the production of stone slab national levels, based upon literature about clustering organizations, the target was find a concentration of firms, specialized in the production of stone slab and tile, with potencial to becoming a cluster. The empirical study was focused on producers of sawn travertine marble established around the towns of Jacobina and Ourolândia (semi-arid region), besides the producers of granite slab and tile located in the Greater Salvador area, as well as in Feira de Santana (100 km northwest of Salvador) and in Teixeira de Freitas (in the extreme southern region of the state). In the conclusion of the work, different instruments of public policy are presented as alternatives to promote a virtuous evolution of the ornamental stone industry in Bahia / Doutorado / Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais / Doutor em Geociências
7

Politica de uso de calcario agricola e a sutentabilidade da agricultura no Brasil / Policy of using agricultural lime and the sustainability of agriculture in Brazil

Pereira, Cleide de Marco 15 August 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Rui Henrique Pereira Leite de Albuquerque / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T10:30:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_CleidedeMarco_D.pdf: 4802600 bytes, checksum: 4953a0f80bbc62a2bdefa433cb25d122 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Esta Tese procura demonstrar que os produtores agrícolas podem ampliar seu papel como consumidores de calcário agrícola - no Brasil, 70% dos solos agricultáveis são considerados ácidos e necessitam de calagem - e que este consumo contribuirá para sua sustentabilidade, e proporcionará ganhos nas esferas econômica, social e ambiental. Além disso, o uso de calcário agrícola é uma prática considerada importante para incorporar estabelecimentos agropecuários de categoria familiar que estão à margem deste mercado, dado que hoje os maiores consumidores do corretivo são os grandes e médios produtores agrícolas de soja, milho, cana-de-açúcar, citros, café e pecuaristas. Para viabilizar essa estratégia, caracteriza-se tanto o potencial de oferta desse insumo, como seu potencial de demanda. Existe no Brasil parque produtor instalado com mais de 300 empresas, operando com ociosidade média de 57%, e há reservas de rochas calcárias distribuídas por quase todas as unidades da Federação em quantidade e qualidade satisfatórias. Ao mesmo tempo em que o mercado para consumo anual do insumo é estimado em 75 milhões de toneladas, o consumo atual é de apenas 17 milhões de toneladas, correspondendo a 22% da real necessidade dos solos do País. Analisam-se em seguida as políticas públicas e privadas de apoio à utilização desse insumo já desenvolvidas até o presente momento e ao final, propõe-se um conjunto de ações para construir uma política direcionada ao consumo de calcário agrícola, com ênfase na agricultura familiar. / Abstract: This thesis aimed to show that agricultural producers could widen their role as consumers of agricultural lime ¿ in Brazil, 70% of farmable soil is considered to be acid and require liming ¿ and that such consumption would contribute to its sustainability, providing gains in the economic, social and environmental spheres. In addition, the use of agricultural lime is a practice considered important and should include family sized farms, currently on the margins of this market, considering that at the moment the greatest consumers of this corrective are the large and medium sized producers of soybean, corn, sugarcane, citrus products, coffee and cattle. In order to make such a strategy viable, both the potential supply and potential demand of this material were characterized. In Brazil, the productive park already installed consists of more than 300 companies, operating at an average of 57% of their total capacity, and there are reserves of calcareous rocks distributed throughout the Federation in satisfactory quantity and quality. Whilst the annual market potential for consumption of this material was estimated as 75 million tons, current consumption is only 17 million tons, corresponding to 22% of the real need of the Country¿s soils. The public and private policies developed up to the present time supporting the use of this material, were then analysed, and finally a group of actions were proposed, aiming at constructing a policy directed at the consumption of agricultural lime, with emphasis on family farms. / Doutorado / Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais / Doutor em Ciências
8

A aplicação de mecanismos economicos para assegurar a reabilitação dos impactos socioambientais causadas pela mineração de saibro no municipio de Ubatuba/SP / The application of economic mechanics to ensure the rehabilitation of socioenvironmental impacts impacts caused by residual soil ("SAIBRO")

Eduardo, Antonio Sergio 28 May 2008 (has links)
Orientador: Hildebrando Herrmann / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T22:40:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo_AntonioSergio_M.pdf: 1379877 bytes, checksum: af8ad80704e92f5d42d9cfb08138348c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O setor de mineração de pequena escala é de suma importância para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico do País. No entanto, essa atividade tem sido freqüentemente associada a impactos socioambientais adversos. Há uma crescente preocupação por parte da sociedade, e refletida no setor regulatório, visando garantir a devolução de áreas mineradas devidamente reabilitadas. Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo de caso no município de Ubatuba/SP envolvendo a atividade de mineração de saibro, apresentando os impactos socioambientais causados por este tipo de atividade; pesquisa, também, mecanismos que possam ser utilizados para assegurar a reabilitação das áreas utilizadas através da atividade mineradora de saibro. Para aplicação ao contexto de Ubatuba foram identificados alguns desses instrumentos disponíveis no mercado. Identificou-se, na Constituição Federal, que o município pode legislar em causas de interesse local, portanto, com liberdade para criar normas para o setor de mineração em seu território. Os instrumentos sugeridos foram: Caução, Seguro-garantia e Fiança bancária, todos com custos diretos e indiretos que poderão incidir sobre o operador como resultado da aplicação de instrumentos de garantia financeira. Finalmente apresenta-se uma sugestão de um sistema de garantia financeira para o município de Ubatuba/SP. / Abstract: The small scale mining industry is substantially pertinent for the social and economic development of the country. Nonetheless, this activity has been frequently associated with adverse social and environmental impacts. There is a growing concern from the society, which is expressed in the regulatory sectors, that aims to properly rehabilitate mined areas. This thesis presents a study of a case in the city of Ubatuba, SP, involving clay (residual soil) mining, presenting the social and environmental impacts resulted from such activity. It also exposes the mechanisms that could be employed to assure the recovery of areas utilized by the clay mining industry. In the context of Ubatuba, there were few instruments available in the market that were identified. It was found in the Federal Constitution that the city could legislate in favor of its own interests, thus being allowed to create norms for the mining branch with active in its territory. The suggested instruments were financial security, surety bonds and guaranty, all involving direct and indirect costs that could incur over the operator as a result of employing such instruments of financial security. Finally, a suggestion of a system of financial security for the city of Ubatuba, SP is presented. / Mestrado / Geologia e Recursos Naturais / Mestre em Geociências
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Caracterização dos arranjos produtivos locais (APLs) de base mineral no Estado de São Paulo : subsidios a mineração paulista / Characterization of the mining based local productive agglomerations in the state of São Paulo : contribution to the mining development

Cabral Junior, Marsis 12 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Saul Barisnik Suslick, Wilson Suzigan / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T10:34:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CabralJunior_Marsis_D.pdf: 5609877 bytes, checksum: 978d50082b985031a317042602b4f919 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / RESUMO: O presente estudo enfoca as características econômicas, tecnológicas e de gestão da indústria mineral do Estado de São Paulo, buscando-se comprovar que esse setor e determinadas atividades de transformação agregadas apresentam acentuada tendência de se concentrar geograficamente, constituindo arranjos produtivos locais - APLs de base mineral. Os trabalhos são orientados para o reconhecimento sistemático das aglomerações e aferição de sua importância no contexto da indústria mineral paulista, pelo que se tornou necessário o estabelecimento de uma metodologia de mapeamento. Uma vez identificadas as aglomerações, é sugerido um conjunto de políticas para seu fomento e o desenvolvimento em bases sustentáveis do setor mineral no Estado. A indústria mineral paulista é caracterizada como uma atividade econômica constituída dominantemente por pequenas e médias empresas, com produção voltada ao mercado interno, e que se desenvolveu dando suporte ao crescimento urbano e industrial do Estado. A dotação mineral associada a fatores como proximidade de mercados, infra-estrutura privilegiada e cultura empresarial tem conduzido a formação de aglomerados produtivos. Os procedimentos adotados para identificação estatística, mapeamento e caracterização tipológica dessas aglomerações incorporam conceitos e determinantes aplicados sobretudo na Indústria de Transformação (quociente locacional - QL, participação relativa do emprego região/estado e número mínimo de estabelecimentos), sendo ajustados e complementados por parametrização da especialização produtiva específica para a Indústria Mineral. São reconhecidos 30 potenciais APLs, com especialização em 10 substâncias minerais, sobressaindo-se os de águas minerais, areia e brita para construção civil, argilas para fins cerâmicos, e rochas carbonáticas. É comum também o encadeamento de atividades econômicas de transformação, sendo mais proeminentes junto à mineração de agregados, onde se articulam concentrações de empresas de artefatos de concreto, nos mínero-cerâmicos, nos quais a produção de argila abastece as expressivas aglomerações de cerâmica vermelha e de revestimentos, além da indústria de águas minerais. Os números de empregos e de estabelecimentos atestam a significativa magnitude dos APLs identificados no cômputo do setor mineral, constatando-se que 75% desses parâmetros estão concentrados em suas aglomerações, o que demonstra que o desenvolvimento do setor e dos segmentos de transformação associados tem como fator decisivo a consolidação de seus arranjos produtivos. O fato de vários APLs terem peso significativo em seus segmentos e (ou) nas economias dos seus territórios reforça o papel de destaque que podem desempenhar na implementação de políticas setoriais, bem como no desenvolvimento de suas localidades, concorrendo para uma ascensão econômica e social mais equânime do Estado de São Paulo. Para a promoção dos APLs são elaboradas diretrizes para políticas públicas e ações empresariais nas várias dimensões que interferem na sua competitividade, incluindo-se o fortalecimento da governança local, estímulo a cooperação, engajamento do poder público local, facilitação do acesso a reservas minerais, conhecimento do mercado, aprimoramento e inovação de processos e produtos, aperfeiçoamento das capacitações, mobilização de competências e atividades complementares circundantes, valorização da identidade do APL e de funções comerciais, apoio creditício, e adoção de programas de produção mais limpa. / ABSTRACT: The present study focuses on the economic, technological and management characteristics of the mining industry of the State of Sao Paulo, aimed to demonstrate that this sector and some aggregated manufacturing industries present a strong trend to form a spatial concentration of firms, constituting the so-called mining based local productive agglomerations. This research consisted of a systematic appraisal of the mining based local productive agglomerations and the evaluation of their importance for the mining industry. In order to pursue these goals, it was necessary to set up a methodology for the identification of potential local productive agglomerations. Once identified these agglomerations, the next step comprises a set of policies for promoting their competitiveness and the sustainable development of the mining sector. The mining industry in Sao Paulo is characterized as an economic activity dominated by both small and medium firms, whose production profile supplies mainly the regional domestic market that, historically, have been directly connected to the urban and industrial growth of Sao Paulo. The mineral endowment associated with some other favorable factors, such as markets vicinity, privileged infrastructure and entrepreneurial culture, have resulted in the creation of local productive agglomerations. The procedures adopted for statistical identification, mapping and typological characterization of these agglomerations incorporated concepts and some determinants applied to the manufacturing industry (indices of specialization, relative participation of employment in a regional level as compared to a state level, and minimum number of firms). The values of theses determinants had to be adjusted and combined with specific parameters of the productive specialization for the mining industry, considering different types of raw materials. Thirty potential local productive agglomerations with specialization in ten non-metallic minerals were recognized. Among them, mineral water, sand, crushed stone, ceramic clays, and carbonate rocks are highlighted. The forward chaining of the mining activities linked with the manufacturing industry is also very common. This situation is far more developed in the context of the mineral aggregate extractive sector - which presents a forward linkage with some concentrations of firms for concrete products. The same situation appears in the clay mining - that supply the expressive tiles and structural ceramics agglomerations - and in the mineral water industry. The number of employment and firms in the mining industry is an important indicator, where 75% of these parameters are concentrated in these agglomerations. The results pointed out that the development of the sector and the associated manufacturing activities depends on the consolidation of their local productive agglomerations. Considering that several of these agglomerations have a significant weight in their own productive segments and the local economies, they play an important role in the performance of sectorial policies, as well as in the local/regional development. In this regard, they can also contribute to a more equitable economic and social development of Sao Paulo. In order to improving the competitiveness of these agglomerations, guidelines for public policies and enterprises' actions are presented, including: the reinforcement of the local governance, stimulation of the cooperation, local government support, the access to mineral reserves, market knowledge, processes and products innovation, technical capability and training, skills and complementary services mobilization in the surrounding areas, recognition of the value of the agglomeration's identity, capital availability, and adoption of clean production programs. / Doutorado / Geologia e Recursos Naturais / Doutor em Ciências
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A politica da agua mineral : uma proposta de integração para o Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Mineral water policy : an integration propose to Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Caetano, Lucio Carramillo 28 February 2005 (has links)
Orientador: Sueli Yoshinaga Pereira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:31:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caetano_LucioCarramillo_D.pdf: 5044683 bytes, checksum: 412a0660e3f44ef06c81163d34ffb15a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Os conflitos, hoje, existentes para a inserção da água mineral, na gestão integrada de recursos hídricos, são oriundos de modelos de gestão formulados em momentos diferentes da história política brasileira. A legislação de água mineral (Código de Águas Minerais de 1945 e Código de Mineração de 1967) foi criada em regimes autoritários e centralizadores, enquanto que a legislação de recursos hídricos (Constituição Federal, de 1988 e a Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, de 1997) possui um caráter democrático, descentralizador e participativo. Esta constatação provém de uma análise de todo um registro histórico da evolução política, que foi baseado nas Constituições Federais e nas legislações voltadas para os recursos minerais e para a água. Foi analisada também a evolução do conceito de água mineral que se inicia como um medicamento, passando a commodity, na atualidade. A participação da União, em diversas etapas do processo burocrático, desencadeia uma série de pré-requisitos entre diplomas da União, do Estado e do Município que geram a superposição de poderes culminando com entraves na condução processual, muitas vezes, dificultando todo um investimento no setor industrial de água mineral, o que causa sérios prejuízos às empresas. Apesar de toda a burocracia, estudos importantes, como os de disponibilidade hídrica de uma região, não são considerados, o que pode acarretar danos à comunidade local. No estado do Rio de Janeiro, os conflitos existentes entre a utilização da água como recurso mineral e hídrico, refletem um retrato da situação no Brasil. Neste Estado, ainda hoje, são constatadas por esta pesquisa, 20 (vinte) etapas necessárias para a legalização de uma indústria de água mineral, no contexto Federal, Estadual e Municipal, incapazes de solucionar os conflitos. A presente proposta, baseada na Constituição Federal de 1988, reduz em 10 (dez) etapas este trâmite burocrático, resultado da descentralização e retirada das sobreposições de poder. Ao Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral cabe, nessa proposta, estabelecer diretrizes gerais da política da água mineral brasileira / Abstract: Nowadays conflicts for the insertion of mineral water in the management of water resource are originated in management models formulated at different moments of the Brazilian political history. The mineral water legislation (Mineral Water Code, 1945 and Mining Code, 1967) was created into authoritarian and centralizing regimes, while the legislation of water resource possesses a democratic, decentralizing and multi-participative character. This verification comes from an overall analysis of the historical registration of the policy evolution, which was based on the Federal Constitution and the Legislation regarding both mineral and water resources. Also, the evolution of the mineral water concept was analyzed. It begins as a medicine and turns out to be a commodity. The participation of the Federal government in several stages of the bureaucratic process attracts a series of pre-requirements among the Federal, the State and the Municipal diplomas generating the overlap of powers, which culminate with impediments in the procedural conduction. It often hinders an entire investment in the mineral water industry, causing serious damages to the companies. In spite of all the bureaucracy, important studies, such as the water availability of a region is not taken into consideration, what can result in damages to the local community. The existent conflicts in the State of Rio de Janeiro between the use of the water as mineral and water resource reflect a picture of the situation in Brazil. In this State there were evidenced twenty necessary stages among the three governmental levels for the legalization of an industry of mineral water, yet unable of solving the conflicts. The present proposal, based in the Federal Constitution of 1988, reduces to ten stages this bureaucratic proceeding, result of the decentralization and the elimination of overlapping powers. It is up to the National Department of Mineral Production, in this proposal, to establish general guidelines of the Brazilian mineral water policy / Doutorado / Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais / Doutor em Ciências

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