Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T22:57:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_10266_Dissertação Final Iana Pedro da Silva Quadros.pdf: 2554686 bytes, checksum: 3716e4642d5c167349ceddb1c5ee793f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-31 / A mandioca é típica dos trópicos e fonte de segurança alimentar para mais de 600 milhões de pessoas, utilizada na alimentação humana e animal e na indústria, pela extração de amido e produção de biocombustível. O Brasil é o segundo país em produção, entretanto o incremento em produção é baixo para atender o crescente mercado. A compreenção da arquitetura genética de caracteres agronomicamente importantes é útil para delinear cruzamentos e possibilita a identificação de loci controladores de características quantitativas (QTL), no intuito de seleção assistida e clonagem de genes candidatos. Neste trabalho objetivou-se identificar, mapear e caracterizar QTL para as características de altura das plantas (AP), produtividade de parte aérea (PPA), produtividade total de raízes fresca (PTR), teor de matéria seca da raiz (MS) e produtividade de amido (PROD-AMD) de mandioca. Para isto foi utilizada uma população F1 de 141 indivíduos, oriunda do cruzamento entre as cultivares Fécula Branca e BRS Formosa, mantida em delineamento em blocos, com duas repetições e 16 plantas por parcela para as análises fenotípicas. A genotipagem dos indivíduos foi realizada usando SNPs, microssatélites e minissatélites. O mapa foi construído com abordagem multiponto e a detecção dos QTL realizada por análise de contraste entre médias e intervalo, considerando os diferentes tipos de segregação do QTL. Variabilidade foi observada para todas as características e altas correlações fenotípicas, exceto para MS, com destaque para PTR e PROD-AMD (0,98), bem como alta herdabilidade para AP (74,29%). Também, segregação transgressiva foi detectada para todas as características, indicando complementariedade de alelos dos pais na progênie segregante. O mapa genético representou regiões dos 18 cromossomos da mandioca e foi composto por 283 marcadores em 32 grupos de ligação. Uma região do cromossomo 10 apresentou evidência de pleitropia. Para AP, PPA e PROD-AMD um QTL comum foi identificado, bem como para PTR e PROD-AMD, três QTL comuns foram verificados. O MS apresentou QTL exclusivos. Estes resultados indicam o controle quantitativo das características estudadas, com QTL de grande e pequeno efeito detectados. Estes são úteis no melhoramento da cultura visando maior produtividade.

The goal of this work is to create overview of the zoo clubs in the Carlsbad region. The clubs with their existence and activity contribute to enhance and consolidate curriculum within each output not only in Biology but also in environmental education. In the first part of this work there are summarized data dedicated to the history of the zoo clubs in the Czech Republic. I deal with their distribution according to the criterias given and present status of the zoo clubs within free time activities. The special attention is dedicated to the history of the extinct zoo clubs in the Carlsbad region, to the plans of their future arrangements and recovery in this region, mainly future construction of the zoo. The second part deals with each zoo club in detail. In the last part I deal with animal species, their acquisition and adoption. There are information about extracurricular activities in each institution, like lectures, clubs and camps. Web pages are the integral part of each zoo club because they often inform about present and future activities within extracurricular activities. Key words Zoo clubs , extracurricular activities, Biology, environmental education

The mini-dissertation focuses on the constitutional right to fair labour practices in relation to undocumented migrants within the South African workplace. Section 23 of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995, as amended, gives expression to this right together with other employment laws of the Republic. The study undertakes a literary review of the domestic Immigration Act, Refugees Act and Labour Relations Act, being the primary legislation regulating the entry, presence and rights of foreigners within the Republic. Although undocumented migrants are recognised as employees for purposes of the Labour Relations Act, an employment relationship entered into in contravention of a statute is proscribed. Continuing such a relationship would attract criminal sanction and fines for the employer. The only aspect of the right to fair labour practices enjoyed by undocumented migrants is the right to procedural fairness when dismissed. This is probably a contributing factor to the very minimal data available on undocumented foreigners with the boarders of the Republic. They fear arrest detention and deportation, whilst their employers fear the consequences of contravening the law which may in certain circumstances include imprisonment. This study further examines domestic, regional and international norms from the perspective of the International Labour Organisation, United Nations, African Union and Southern African Development Community. These organisations advocate for the protection of the human rights of all migrants, including undocumented migrants in the workplace. A close scrutiny of states such as South Africa, Kenya, United States of America and the Netherlands shows that protection, if any, if only afforded to documented migrants. The only fate that awaits undocumented migrants is arrest, detention and deportation. It is for this reason that they obtain employment in informal sectors, often leaving them vulnerable to exploitation and abuse. Oftentimes they are susceptible to a violation of both their employment and human rights. In conclusion, this study provides recommendations that can be made to address the plight of undocumented migrants in the South African workplace. / Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Private Law / LLM / Unrestricted

The success of counselling depends in part on the engagement of the client during the counselling sessions and during the process of counselling. This is not different when conducting play-based intervention with children, which involves the use of play as an age-appropriate medium for communication and interaction with children. Gestalt play therapy allows children to express themselves and interact with the counsellor verbally and non-verbally with the use of play media. Due to the sensitivity to the unique characteristics of the child client, play therapy seems highly effective when implemented in different contexts. However, as the social work profession becomes more aware of cultural sensitivity, it also becomes essential to ensure that social workers who provide counselling to children are culturally competent. Culture is an essential dynamic of people’s lives and has an impact in every area of a person’s life, including how he or she engage in therapy. The goal of the study was to explore and describe the influence that their culture might have on Venda-speaking children’s engagement during play-based intervention. A qualitative research approach was followed to obtain the perceptions of social workers who belonged to the Venda culture and had experience of working with children. Applied research as type of research and the intrinsic case study research design was applicable to obtain a better understanding of the phenomenon being studied that could contribute to social work practice, specifically to the counselling of Venda-speaking children. The participants were selected by means of purposive sampling, based on specific sampling criteria as well as snowball sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the use of an interview schedule to collect data from nine social workers, and the data were analysed by means of thematic analysis. The findings of the study showed that the Venda culture has specific characteristics which should be taken into account and respected when providing counselling to Venda-speaking children. The child-rearing norms and practices of the Venda culture may influence aspects such as the child’s communication and interaction with the counsellor as well as the play materials that would be appropriate. Therefore, their culture could influence Venda-speaking children’s engagement during play-based intervention which, in this study, focused on Gestalt play therapy. While the Venda traditions and norms are affected by acculturation, the beliefs, norms and practices of the Venda culture are still followed in some geographical areas, and even Venda people who adopted a modernised lifestyle, still maintain some elements of their culture. It is recommended that social workers who provide counselling to Venda-speaking children learn about the culture to become more culturally competent. However, the extent to which a family, and thus a child, follow the cultural prescriptions should be determined due to different levels of adherence to the Venda culture because of acculturation. The researcher further recommends that more extensive studies on African children’s engagement be conducted, including studies with greater sample sizes and studies with the children as the unit of analysis. / Mini Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Social Work and Criminology / MSW / Unrestricted

Memoria para optar al título de Geógrafa / En esta investigación se analiza cómo el escenario social, ambiental y energético, sumado a las percepciones de la comunidad local mapuche y no mapuche de la comuna de Panguipulli en la región de los Ríos, ha configurado escenarios de conflicto socio ambiental, derivados de proyectos energéticos de tipo mini hidro que ingresan al Sistema de Evaluación Ambiental a través de una solicitud de pertinencia. Para lograr este análisis se identificaron y caracterizaron las variables sociales, ambientales y energéticas que priman en la comuna de estudio, para posteriormente contrastarlas con los discursos de la comunidad a través de la entrevista semi estructurada. Finalmente se determinó en las conclusiones, que los proyectos mini hidro en sí, no son un factor detonante de conflicto socio ambiental en la comuna de estudio, sino que más bien representan una negatividad generalizada por los procesos de exclusión social en cuanto al acceso a los recursos naturales del territorio tanto para habitantes mapuche como no mapuche. Estos procesos corresponden en primer lugar al apogeo de la actividad forestal, las pretensiones de desarrollar grandes proyectos hidroeléctricos en la comuna (como central Neltume y los proyectos de SN Power) y recientemente las mini hidro.

Google’s Instant Apps and Apple’s App Clips are technologies that enable small segments of full scale apps to run on a mobile device, without needing to have the app installed. By restricting the size of these segments, they are able to download and run almost instantly. Marketed as an effective way to order food, rent bikes, and pay for parking, the technology has not been widely adopted. Furthermore, publicly available research on the topic is very limited. In this study, attitudes towards Instant Apps and App Clips found in user submitted posts on Reddit were examined. By conducting a sentiment analysis, the aim is to gain insight into how the opinions on these technologies have changed over time since their introduction. The results show that the sentiment has become slightly more positive over time. Additionally, differences in sentiment between the two technologies were found, but the limited number of data rows prevent the possibility of drawing reliable conclusions on this. / Googles Instant Apps och Apples App Clips är teknologier som möjliggör att små segment av mobilapplikationer i fullstorlek kan köras på en enhet utan att enheten behöver ha applikationen installerad. Genom att storleken på dessa segment begränsas kan de laddas ned och köras nästan omedelbart. Tekniken marknadsförs som ett smidigt och effektivt sätt att t.ex. beställa mat, hyra cyklar eller betala för parkering. Dock har den adopterats i låg grad. Mängden tillgänglig forskning på dessa teknologier är mycket begränsad. I denna studie undersöks attityder gentemot Instant Apps och App Clips så som de representeras i användarinlägg på Reddit. Genom sentimentanalys ämnas att få insikt om hur åsikterna kring dessa teknologier förändrats sedan de offentliggjordes på marknaden. Resultatet visar att sentimentet blivit något mer positivt över tid. Skillnader mellan sentimentet för de olika teknologierna hittades också, men tillförlitliga slutsatser om detta kan dock inte dras på grund av den begränsade datamängden.

The purpose of this study was to develop a SNaPshot® assay to simultaneously discriminate between the dystrophic and wild type (wt) alleles in mdx mice. The mdx mouse is an animal model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a severe and fatal muscle wasting disease. To evaluate possible treatments and to carry out genetic studies, it is essential to distinguish between mice that carry the mutant dystrophic or wt allele(s). The current Amplification-Resistant Mutation System (ARMS) assay used to genotype mdx mice is labor intensive and sometimes fails to yield typing results, which reduce its efficiency as a screening tool. An alternative assay based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) extension technology (i.e., SNaPshot®) would be advantageous because its specificity and capability to be automated would reduce the labor involved and increase the fidelity of each assay. A SNaPshot® assay has been developed that provides a robust and potentially automatable assay that discriminates between the wt and dystrophic alleles. The assay has been optimized to use: an undiluted DNA in the PCR, a 0.1 µM PCR primer concentration, a full PCR product for the SNP extension reaction, a 50ºC annealing temperature for the SNP extension in accordance with standard SNaPshot® conditions, and a 0.4 µM concentration of the SNP extension primer. The advantages of the resultant SNaPshot® assay over the ARMS assay include higher fidelity, robustness, and more consistent performance within and among laboratories, and reduced risk of human error. / Master of Science

Introdução: Dentre os desfechos negativos que acometem os idosos, a síndrome da fragilidade é preocupante, pois tem como consequências piora da funcionalidade, comorbidades e antecipação da morte. Assim, sua prevenção e detecção precoces são essenciais para a saúde pública. A identificação desta síndrome tem sido mais comumente realizada por meio dos critérios de Fried et al. (2001), os quais necessitam de equipamentos específicos e equipe especializada. Por sua vez, o estado nutricional parece estar fortemente associado ao desenvolvimento da fragilidade. Portanto, este trabalho tem o objetivo de investigar a associação existente entre o risco nutricional e a identificação de fragilidade. Métodos: Foram estudados pacientes em ambulatório de geriatria, e foram aplicados os critérios de Fried et al. (2001), a Mini Avaliação Nutricional (MAN), nas suas formas reduzida e completa (MAN-R e MAN-C), e algumas medidas antropométricas. Os dados foram avaliados quanto à normalidade (teste Shapiro-Wilk); a sensibilidade e a especificidade da MAN em detectar a fragilidade foram medidas por meio da curva Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC). Resultados: A amostra final foi composta por 422 (72,8%) mulheres e 158 (27,2%) homens. A prevalência de fragilidade foi de 41,1% (n=256) e pré fragilidade de 45,0% (n=261). A MAN-R identificou 78 (13,4%) idosos desnutridos e 258 (44,5%) sob risco de desnutrição. O melhor ponto de corte para fragilidade nas mulheres foi ≤=24,5 pontos (AUC=0,849; sensibilidade=79,7 e especificidade=78,3) para MAN-C e ≤=11,0 pontos (AUC=0,795; sensibilidade=69,0 e especificidade=80,4) para a MAN-R. Dentre os homens, os melhores pontos de corte foram ≤=23,0 (AUC=0,877; sensibilidade=79,2 e especificidade=88,2) para MAN-C e ≤=11 (AUC=0,821; sensibilidade=81,9 e especificidade=76,5) para MAN-R. Ambas as formas da MAN não apresentaram associação significativa para identificação da pré fragilidade. Conclusão: Foi verificada associação significativa entre a MAN e a presença da síndrome da fragilidade, porém não com o estado de pré-fragilidade. Ambas as versões, reduzida e completa, foram adequadas para identificação da fragilidade. A MAN-C demonstra correlação mais alta do que a MAN-R e indica pontos de corte diferentes de acordo com o gênero. / Background: The frailty syndrome is a concern among the elderly due to some negative outcomes such as loss of functionality, comorbidities and anticipation of death. Thus, its prevention and early detection are essential for public health. Fried et al. (2001) criterion has been used to identify this syndrome; however, it requires specific equipment and specialized team. The nutritional status is strongly associated with the development of frailty. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between nutritional risk and the identification of frailty. Methods: We studied patients in a geriatrics outpatient clinic, in which Fried criterion, the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA), on both short form (MNA-SF) and long form (MNA-LF), and anthropometric measurements were applied. The data were analyzed according to normality (Shapiro-Wilk test), and MNA\'s ability to detect frailty was measured by Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves. Results: The final sample was composed by 422 (72.9%) women and 158 (27.2%) men. The prevalence of frailty was 41.1% (n=256) and pre-frailty was 45.0% (n=261). The MAN-SF identified 78 (13.4%) malnourished and 258 (44.5%) at risk of malnutrition. The best cut-off point to frailty in women was ≤=24.5 points (AUC=0.849; sensitivity=79.7 and specificity=78.3) for MAN-LF and ≤=11 points (AUC=0.795; sensitivity=69.0 and specificity=80.4) for MAN-SF. Among the men, the best cut-off point were ≤=23.0 (AUC=0.877; sensitivity=79.2 and specificity=88.2) for MAN-LF and ≤=11 points (AUC=0.821; sensitivity=81.9 and specificity=76.5) for MAN-SF. Both MNA forms did not present significant association to detect pre-frailty. Conclusion: MNA forms presented significant association to detect frailty, although neither is suitable to detect pre-frailty. MNA-LF shows a higher correlation than MNA-SF e indicates different cut-off points according to gender.

PROPOSIÇÃO Avaliou-se radiograficamente o grau de precisão de um guia radiográfico-cirúrgico na predição do posicionamento final de mini-implantes inseridos no septo inter-radicular e, sequencialmente, determinou-se um índice de risco para normatizar a indicação do procedimento de inserção dos mini-implantes. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS Um total de 53 mini-implantes foram inseridos no septo inter-radicular vestibular da região posterior da maxila e/ou mandíbula de 27 pacientes com idade média de 19,17 ± 9,06 anos (idade mínima de 12,72 anos e máxima de 56,37 anos). O Guia Radiográfico-Cirúrgico Graduado (GRCG) foi utilizado para inserir os mini-implantes no centro do septo de forma equidistante em relação às raízes dos dentes adjacentes. As distâncias entre o mini-implante e as raízes dos dentes adjacentes foram mensuradas nas 53 radiografias pós-cirúrgicas com intuito de avaliar a precisão do GRCG a partir do grau de centralização do mini-implante no septo. O grau de imprecisão do GRCG foi associado à largura do septo e ao diâmetro do mini-implante para compor a fórmula do índice de risco utilizada na avaliação do risco cirúrgico de inserção dos mini-implantes. RESULTADOS O grau de imprecisão do GRCG mostrou que, em média, os mini-implantes foram inseridos com um desvio de 0,13mm (±0,13) em relação ao centro do septo. O valor médio do índice de risco (IR) foi menor do que 1, significando um reduzido risco cirúrgico. CONCLUSÕES A ligação estabelecida entre os procedimentos radiográfico e cirúrgico proveu ao GRCG um reduzido grau de imprecisão de 0,13mm, e uma acurada predição do posicionamento final do mini-implante no septo inter-radicular, contribuindo para um reduzido risco cirúrgico (IR<1). / OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the radiographic-surgical guide accuracy to predict post-surgical mini-implant positioning in the interradicular septum. Additionally, a risk index to standardize surgical procedure indication for mini-implant insertion was determined. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of fifty-three titanium mini-implants were placed in the buccal interradicular septum of the posterior maxillary and/or mandibular region of 27 patients with a mean age of 19.17 ± 9.06 years (ranging from 12.72 to 56.37 years). The Graduated Radiographic-Surgical Guide (GRSG) was used to insert mini-implants in the interradicular septum in a centralized and equidistant position regarding adjacent tooth roots. The fifty-three post-surgical radiographs were used to measure the distances between mini-implants and adjacent tooth roots to evaluate GRSG accuracy in obtaining mini-implant centralized position in the septum. The GRSG inaccuracy degree was related to the septum width and the mini-implant diameter to obtain risk index formula, which was used to predict surgical risks during mini-implants insertion. RESULTS The GRSG inaccuracy degree showed that, on average, the mini-implants were 0.13mm (±0.13) displaced regarding the centralized position initially intended. The risk index (RI) presented a mean value smaller than 1, indicating a reduced surgical risk. CONCLUSION The link established between radiographic and surgical procedures propitiated a small GRSG inaccuracy degree of 0.13mm, allowing an accurate prediction of the final mini-implant positioning in the interradicular septum, which contributed to a low surgical risk (RI<1).

O trabalho estudou o estado nutricional de uma amostra aleatória (n = 98) de idosos vivendo na zona urbana do Distrito Bonfim Paulista e procurou identificar alguns fatores relacionados ao risco de desnutrição. Os idosos selecionados foram avaliados quanto ao estado nutricional através da “Mini Avaliação Nutricional" (MAN) e através do recordatório alimentar de 24 horas. Também foi elaborado um questionário domiciliar especifico contendo questões relacionadas à escolaridade, renda do idoso e da família, perfil multidimensional, impressão subjetiva de saúde e de qualidade de vida, atividade de trabalho, moradia, doenças crônicas, atividade de vida diária e participação social. Procuramos, desta forma, identificar a prevalência de desnutrição e risco de desnutrição na comunidade e identificar fatores associados com a menor pontuação na MAN, ou seja, fatores que possam contribuir para um pior prognóstico nutricional. Participaram do trabalho 98 voluntários sendo 30 (30,6%) idosos do sexo masculino e 68 (69,4%) do sexo feminino. Detectamos a prevalência de 11,2% de idosos desnutridos, 37,7% de idosos sob risco de desnutrição e 51,1% de bem nutridos de acordo com MAN. Após avaliação da normalidade, usamos testes não paramétricos (Kruskall-Wallis) quando estes três grupos foram comparados em relação às diferentes variáveis estudadas como idade, IMC, consumo energético, gasto energético e variáveis neuropsiquiátricas. Observamos que a MAN é um método viável e de fácil aplicabilidade em idosos vivendo em comunidades brasileiras e que nossos resultados foram semelhantes à maioria dos estudos que usaram a MAN como instrumento de investigação da prevalência de “risco de desnutrição" na comunidade. Paralelamente, acreditamos que a variável IMC não é um bom parâmetro para caracterização de desnutrição e que o estado de saúde mental do idoso contribui fortemente para o seu estado nutricional. Em relação ao consumo energético podemos dizer que, continua sendo uma das principais causas de desnutrição na terceira idade e pode estar presente mesmo entre os idosos caracterizados como nutridos. Para avaliação de associações de determinados fatores, discriminados no questionário geral, com o estado nutricional, montamos tabelas 2X2 e usamos o teste exato de Fisher. Procuramos observar associações entre algumas variáveis com dois grupos: o primeiro que tinha escore inferior a 23,5 e outro que possuía escore superior a 24 na MAN acreditando que estes valores definem, respectivamente, um pior e melhor estado nutricional. Desta forma foi possível observar que fatores como o analfabetismo, baixa renda familiar, falta de participação social e em atividades de trabalho possuem forte correlação com escores inferiores na Mini Avaliação Nutricional apesar de não fazerem parte do seu conteúdo. A auto avaliação do estado de saúde ou impressão subjetiva de saúde possui forte correlação com a maior ou menor pontuação na MAN. Finalmente, apesar de não ter havido correlação estatística, acreditamos que haja uma tendência à maior prevalência de desnutrição em faixas etárias mais elevadas. / The present investigation was carried out to study the nutritional status of a random sample (n = 98) of aged subjects living in the urban zone of the Bonfim Paulista district and to identify some factors related to the risk of malnutrition. The chosen aged subjects were evaluated for nutritional status by the \"Mini Nutritional Assessment\" (MNA) and by the 24-hour food recall method. Also a specific domiciliary questionnaire was elaborated with questions related to educational level, income of the aged and of the family, multidimensional profile, self- reported health status, work activity, housing, chronic illnesses, activities of daily living and social participation. We were interested in identifying the prevalence of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition in the community and factors associated with the lower scores on the MNA, i.e., factors that can contribute to a worse nutritional prognosis. Ninety-eight (98) volunteers participated in the study, 30 of them (30.6%) males and 68 (69.4%) females. On the basis of the MNA, we detected an 11.2% prevalence of malnourished subjects, a 37.7% prevalence of subjects at risk of malnutrition and a 51.1% prevalence of well-nourished subjects. After evaluation of normality, we used nonparametric (Kruskall-Wallis) methods to compare these three groups. The groups had were compared for age, body mass index (BMI), energy intake, energy expenditure and psychiatrics variables. We observed that the MNA is a viable method of easy applicability in aged subjects living in Brazilian communities and that our results were similar to most of those obtained in studies using the MNA as an instrument of inquiry of the prevalence of \"risk of malnutrition\" in the community. At the same time, we believe that the BMI is not a good parameter for malnutrition characterization and that the mental health of the aged contributes strongly to their nutritional status. Regarding energy intake, we can say that it continues to be one of the main causes of malnutrition in the third age and can be present even among elderly subjects considered to be well-nourished. For evaluation of associations of determined variables, discriminated in the general questionnaire, with the nutritional status, we analyzed 2X2 contingency tables and used Fisher’s exact test. We were interested in determining associations between some variables in two groups: one with a score of less than 23.5 points and the other with a score of more than 24 points on the MNA, since we believe that these values define a worse and a better nutritional status, respectively. On this basis, it was possible to observe that factors such as illiteracy, low family income, and lack of social and work activities are strongly correlated with a low score on the MNA, although they are not part of its content. The self-reported health status or subjective impression of health is strongly correlated with a higher or lower score on the MNA. Finally, although the correlation was not statistically significant, we believe that malnutrition tends to be more prevalent in older age ranges.