Dois modelos mecânicos, o pêndulo-invertido e o massa-mola, explicam como os mecanismos pendular e elástico minimizam o dispêndio energético advindo dos músculos durante caminhada e corrida humana. A presente tese testa dois efeitos que, para nosso conhecimento, todavia não possuem respostas conclusivas da literatura, nomeadamente o processo de envelhecimento na mecânica da corrida humana e o efeito da inclinação do terreno na velocidade ótima da caminhada. Para estudar o primeiro efeito, as forças de reação do solo provenientes de uma plataforma de força (4m x 0,50m), foram usadas para a posterior comparação de: i) trabalho mecânico, ii) parâmetros do sistema massa-mola e, iii) assimetrias contatodespregue entre jovens e idosos. Os idosos produzem menos força durante a fase de trabalho mecânico positivo com uma menor oscilação vertical total e oscilação durante a fase aérea. Conseqüentemente a capacidade de armazenar e re-utilizar energia elástica dos tendões é prejudicada contribuindo para o maior dispêndio energético neste grupo quando comparado com jovens.Para o modelo do custo eletromiográfico (EMG) da caminhada humana criou-se duas abordagens: experimental e teórica. Em ambas as abordagens, informações da atividade EMG de dezesseis músculos, sendo 8 posturais e 8 propulsores foram coletadas e analisadas a partir da integral EMG. A abordagem teórica parece ter uma melhor relação com as evidências experimentais sobre a energética da caminhada humana em inclinações. Os principais mecanismos envolvidos na nova hipótese são i) músculos posturais que não realizam trabalho muscular, exercem uma função importante na determinação do dispêndio energético total e ii) a presente hipótese leva em consideração a co-contração de músculos antagonistas no dispêndioenergético total. Mais experimentos são necessários para confirmar o modelo apresentado neste estudo. Além disso, através de estratégias de otimização e predição linear, um modelo teórico foi delineado a fim de determinar parâmetros mecânicos (comprimento de passada e velocidade de progressão) e energéticos da locomoção terrestre em situações onde as informações disponíveis são apenas a massa e uma curva força de reação vertical versus tempo. Os resultados advindos do modelamento correspondem aos parâmetros determinados experimentalmente. Laboratórios que detenham apenas uma plataforma de força, ou nas áreas onde as informações de entrada do atual modelo sejam as únicas informações (e.g. paleontologia, biomecânica forênsica, etc), a predição de variáveis primárias da locomoção podem ser preditas com razoável acurácia. / Two mechanical models, the inverted pendulum and spring-mass, explain how do the pendular and elastic mechanisms minimizing energy expenditure from muscles during human walking and running. Here, we test two effects that, to our knowledge, do not have yet conclusive responses from literature, specifically the ageing effects on mechanics of human running, and the effect of gradient on walking optimal speed. In order to check the former effect, the ground reaction forces came from a force platform (4m x 0.5m) were used for a later comparison: i) mechanical work, ii) spring-mass parameters and, iii) landing-takeoff asymmetries. The old subjects produce less force during positive work resulting in a smaller overall and aerial vertical oscillation of the centre of mass. Consequently, the potential for restore elastic energy from tendons is reduced contributing to greater energy expenditure than in young subjects. In relation to Electromyographical (EMG) Cost of human walking we created two approaches: experimental and theoretical. In both approaches, information from EMG activity of sixteen muscles, eight postural and eight propulsor were collected and analysed. The theoretical approach seems to fit better with the energy expenditure during gradient walking. The main mechanisms involved in this new hypothesis are i) postural muscles that do not perform muscular work, play an important role in the total energy expenditure and ii) the present hypothesis take the co-contraction into account of the antagonist muscles in the total energy expenditure. Further experiments are necessary to confirm this hypothesis. Besides, using optimization and linear prediction procedures, a theoretical model was designed to estimate mechanical parameters (stride length and velocity of progression) and energetic variables of terrestrial locomotion when available information consists only of mass and one vertical ground reaction force versus time.The results from this modelling are similar to experimentally obtained data. Laboratories with just one force platform, or in areas where the present model’s input information be the unique accessible data (e.g. palaeontology, forensic biomechanics, etc) the prime variables of locomotion may be estimated with reasonable accuracy.

Orientador: Rubén Augusto Romero Lázaro / Resumo: The purpose of this research is to develop a tool for optimization in power system distribution that uses meta-heuristic based on a multi-start methodology to reconfigure and allocate fixed and switched capacitor banks to obtain the radial topology that presents the lowest operating cost. To find initial radial topologies for system reconfiguration, the Prim algorithm was applied and to the current solution an improvement process called “neighborhood search” was performed. The improved system is subjected to a capacitor allocation algorithm showing that it is possible to get a radial topology that presents more economic cost of operation. As a proposal of the multi-start methodology, the procedure is repeated until a desired stop criterion, then several solutions are generated and the best one can be the solution of the problem. All programs were written in C ++ and applied to systems of 69 nodes, 84 nodes and 135 nodes. / Mestre

Submitted by MÁRCIO MASATOSHI MONTSUTSUMI null (montsujp@gmail.com) on 2017-01-25T16:40:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Márcio.pdf: 1995959 bytes, checksum: 8aa82a70776b8de6528f15a91ec55e78 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-01-27T12:45:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 montsutsumi_mm_me_ilha.pdf: 1995959 bytes, checksum: 8aa82a70776b8de6528f15a91ec55e78 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-27T12:45:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 montsutsumi_mm_me_ilha.pdf: 1995959 bytes, checksum: 8aa82a70776b8de6528f15a91ec55e78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver uma ferramenta para otimização de sistema de distribuição que utiliza uma meta-heurística baseada em uma metodologia multipartida para reconfigurar e alocar bancos de capacitores fixos e chaveados para obter a topologia radial que apresente o menor custo de operação. Para encontrar topologias iniciais radiais na reconfiguração do sistema foi aplicado o algoritmo de Prim e com a solução obtida realizouse um processo de melhoria denominado busca pela vizinhança. O sistema melhorado é submetido a um algoritmo de alocação de bancos de capacitores mostrando que é possível obter uma topologia radial que apresenta mais econômico custo de operação. Como proposta da metodologia multipartida o procedimento é repetido até um critério de parada definido, assim são geradas diversas soluções e a melhor delas será a solução do problema. Todos os programas foram escritos em linguagem C++, e aplicado em sistemas de 69 barras, 84 barras e 135 barras. / The purpose of this research is to develop a tool for optimization in power system distribution that uses meta-heuristic based on a multi-start methodology to reconfigure and allocate fixed and switched capacitor banks to obtain the radial topology that presents the lowest operating cost. To find initial radial topologies for system reconfiguration, the Prim algorithm was applied and to the current solution an improvement process called “neighborhood search” was performed. The improved system is subjected to a capacitor allocation algorithm showing that it is possible to get a radial topology that presents more economic cost of operation. As a proposal of the multi-start methodology, the procedure is repeated until a desired stop criterion, then several solutions are generated and the best one can be the solution of the problem. All programs were written in C ++ and applied to systems of 69 nodes, 84 nodes and 135 nodes. / CNPq: 130695/2015-7

Dois modelos mecânicos, o pêndulo-invertido e o massa-mola, explicam como os mecanismos pendular e elástico minimizam o dispêndio energético advindo dos músculos durante caminhada e corrida humana. A presente tese testa dois efeitos que, para nosso conhecimento, todavia não possuem respostas conclusivas da literatura, nomeadamente o processo de envelhecimento na mecânica da corrida humana e o efeito da inclinação do terreno na velocidade ótima da caminhada. Para estudar o primeiro efeito, as forças de reação do solo provenientes de uma plataforma de força (4m x 0,50m), foram usadas para a posterior comparação de: i) trabalho mecânico, ii) parâmetros do sistema massa-mola e, iii) assimetrias contatodespregue entre jovens e idosos. Os idosos produzem menos força durante a fase de trabalho mecânico positivo com uma menor oscilação vertical total e oscilação durante a fase aérea. Conseqüentemente a capacidade de armazenar e re-utilizar energia elástica dos tendões é prejudicada contribuindo para o maior dispêndio energético neste grupo quando comparado com jovens.Para o modelo do custo eletromiográfico (EMG) da caminhada humana criou-se duas abordagens: experimental e teórica. Em ambas as abordagens, informações da atividade EMG de dezesseis músculos, sendo 8 posturais e 8 propulsores foram coletadas e analisadas a partir da integral EMG. A abordagem teórica parece ter uma melhor relação com as evidências experimentais sobre a energética da caminhada humana em inclinações. Os principais mecanismos envolvidos na nova hipótese são i) músculos posturais que não realizam trabalho muscular, exercem uma função importante na determinação do dispêndio energético total e ii) a presente hipótese leva em consideração a co-contração de músculos antagonistas no dispêndioenergético total. Mais experimentos são necessários para confirmar o modelo apresentado neste estudo. Além disso, através de estratégias de otimização e predição linear, um modelo teórico foi delineado a fim de determinar parâmetros mecânicos (comprimento de passada e velocidade de progressão) e energéticos da locomoção terrestre em situações onde as informações disponíveis são apenas a massa e uma curva força de reação vertical versus tempo. Os resultados advindos do modelamento correspondem aos parâmetros determinados experimentalmente. Laboratórios que detenham apenas uma plataforma de força, ou nas áreas onde as informações de entrada do atual modelo sejam as únicas informações (e.g. paleontologia, biomecânica forênsica, etc), a predição de variáveis primárias da locomoção podem ser preditas com razoável acurácia. / Two mechanical models, the inverted pendulum and spring-mass, explain how do the pendular and elastic mechanisms minimizing energy expenditure from muscles during human walking and running. Here, we test two effects that, to our knowledge, do not have yet conclusive responses from literature, specifically the ageing effects on mechanics of human running, and the effect of gradient on walking optimal speed. In order to check the former effect, the ground reaction forces came from a force platform (4m x 0.5m) were used for a later comparison: i) mechanical work, ii) spring-mass parameters and, iii) landing-takeoff asymmetries. The old subjects produce less force during positive work resulting in a smaller overall and aerial vertical oscillation of the centre of mass. Consequently, the potential for restore elastic energy from tendons is reduced contributing to greater energy expenditure than in young subjects. In relation to Electromyographical (EMG) Cost of human walking we created two approaches: experimental and theoretical. In both approaches, information from EMG activity of sixteen muscles, eight postural and eight propulsor were collected and analysed. The theoretical approach seems to fit better with the energy expenditure during gradient walking. The main mechanisms involved in this new hypothesis are i) postural muscles that do not perform muscular work, play an important role in the total energy expenditure and ii) the present hypothesis take the co-contraction into account of the antagonist muscles in the total energy expenditure. Further experiments are necessary to confirm this hypothesis. Besides, using optimization and linear prediction procedures, a theoretical model was designed to estimate mechanical parameters (stride length and velocity of progression) and energetic variables of terrestrial locomotion when available information consists only of mass and one vertical ground reaction force versus time.The results from this modelling are similar to experimentally obtained data. Laboratories with just one force platform, or in areas where the present model’s input information be the unique accessible data (e.g. palaeontology, forensic biomechanics, etc) the prime variables of locomotion may be estimated with reasonable accuracy.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:33:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kamila Ribeiro Ghidetti parte 1 p 1-60.pdf: 1277319 bytes, checksum: 04f11c251510276dd05a0c29559e9cb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A análise da influência dos algoritmos de reordenamento de matrizes na resolução de sistemas lineares utilizando os m´métodos iterativos não estacionários GMRES e Gradiente Conjugado, ambos com e sem precondicionamento, é o objeto de estudo desse trabalho. Os algoritmos mais referenciados na literatura para reordenamento de matrizes são Reverse Cuthill-McKee (RCM), Gibbs-Poole-Stockmeyer (GPS), Nested Dissection (ND) e Espectral (ES). Neste trabalho esses algoritmos foram analisados e algumas modificações foram propostas. Todos os algoritmos e suas versões modificadas foram implementados e comparados quanto a qualidade de solução (minimização de largura de banda e minimização de envelope) e tempo de execução. Além disso, os sistemas lineares associados as matrizes esparsas são resolvidos via m´métodos iterativos tipo Krylov precondicionados. Os precondicionadores analisados nesse estudo são baseados na fatoração LU incompleta. Para os testes computacionais é considerado um conjunto de matrizes estruturalmente simétricas oriundas das mais diversas áreas do conhecimento. Nossos estudos concluem que o reordenamento das matrizes, na maioria dos casos, reduz o numero de iterações dos métodos iterativos, entretanto a redução do tempo de processamento é dependente da dimensão e do condicionamento da matriz / This work analyzes the influence of matrices reordering algorithms on solving linear systems using non-stationary iterative methods GMRES and Conjugate Gradient, both with and without preconditioning. The algorithms referenced most often in the literature for the reordering of matrices are Reverse Cuthill-McKee (RCM), Gibbs-Poole-Stockmeyer (GPS), Nested Dissection (ND) and Spectral (ES). We analyze these algorithms and propose some modifications comparing their solution qualities (minimizing bandwidth and minimizing envelope) and CPU times. Moreover, the linear systems associated with sparse matrices are solved via preconditioned Krylov-type iterative methods considering the incomplete LU factorization preconditioners. For the computational tests, we consider a set of structurally symmetric matrices that can come from various fields of knowledge. We conclude that the reordering of matrices, in most cases, reduces the number of iterations in the iterative methods, but the reducing of the CPU time depends on the size and conditioning of the matrix

O gerenciamento de uma escola-fazenda é atividade complexa, exigindo profissionais qualificados e ferramentas de apoio para tomada de decisão. O desafio é selecionar atividades agropecuárias que otimizem os recursos disponíveis. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo é desenvolver um modelo matemático para uma escola-fazenda aplicando a técnica de Programação Linear para identificar a combinação ótima de atividades agrícolas, pecuárias e agroindustriais de modo a atender a um mínimo custo - a demanda de alimentos da população que reside no local e possibilitar a realização de práticas pedagógicas. O modelo tem aplicação na Escola de Canuanã da Fundação Bradesco, localizada em uma área de 2.549,07 hectares, no município de Formoso do Araguaia, Tocantins. Na comunidade residem 1.173 pessoas, sendo 909 alunos que estudam em regime de internato. Os alunos do Ensino Médio fazem o Curso Técnico em Agropecuária de forma concomitante e para isso a escola-fazenda precisa proporcionar um ambiente de aprendizagem com diversidade de culturas vegetais, criação de animais e produção agroindustrial. A estruturação do modelo foi realizada paralelamente a um programa de formação técnica pedagógica para gestores e professores com encontros presenciais e videoconferências. A equipe escolar auxiliou na coleta de dados, acompanhou a modelagem e interpretação de resultados para utilizar a ferramenta com os alunos e validou o modelo em encontro presencial na Escola de Canuanã. O modelo matemático proposto é composto por uma função objetivo e cinco conjuntos de restrições que se referem à produção animal, vegetal e agroindustrial, refeições e disponibilidade de recursos. Destaca-se que foram necessárias restrições pedagógicas para garantir um mínimo de animais, culturas e produtos agroindustriais como recursos para as aulas práticas. Os resultados indicaram uma solução ótima com redução do número de algumas espécies animais e alterações nas áreas de produção vegetal, destacando-se maior investimento na horticultura. Ao comparar o custo médio atual da escola-fazenda com aquele indicado pelo modelo de otimização, nota-se que poderia haver redução de 54,2%, resultado de uma realocação dos recursos produtivos, sem comprometer o abastecimento da comunidade e a realização de práticas pedagógicas. Transformar sistemas reais de produção agropecuária em um conjunto de equações envolve habilidades do domínio cognitivo e afetivo. A elaboração do modelo proporciona mobilização de conhecimentos, troca de informações, estabelecimento de relações entre as atividades, avaliação dos dados para gerar parâmetros e criação de equações matemáticas, estimulando postura reflexiva. Esses processos são inerentes do ensino e aprendizagem, o que valida o emprego desta ferramenta na área pedagógica. Destaca-se ainda, que a modelagem propicia a multidisciplinaridade e identifica áreas que demandam pesquisas. Conclui-se que o modelo proposto é uma ferramenta de apoio à decisão com potencial para contribuir na gestão organizacional, na formação de técnicos e docentes em modelagem matemática e na elaboração de métodos para as práticas pedagógicas contribuindo com o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. / Management of farm-school is a complex activity requiring skilled professionals and support tools for decision making. The challenge lies in selecting agricultural activities to optimize available resources. In this context, the objective of this study is to develop a mathematical model for a farm-school using Linear Programming to identify the optimal combination of agricultural, livestock and food processing activities to provide food for the local population and to allow practical lessons. The model has application at the Canuanã School of Bradesco Foundation in area of 2,549.07 in Formoso do Araguaia, Tocantins state. There are 1173 inhabitants, of which 909 are studying in a boarding. The high school students are studying Agricultural Technician and the farmschool must provide a learning environment with a diversity of crops, livestock and food processing production. The model formulation was performed alongside a technical training program for managers and teachers with meetings and videoconferences. The school staff assisted in data collection followed the modeling and interpretation of results for using the tool with students and validated the model in meeting in Canuanã. The mathematical model consists of an objective function and five sets of constraints that refer to animal production, agricultural and food processing, food supply and resource availability. It is noteworthy that restrictions were necessary to ensure a minimum of animals, crops and agro-industrial products to practical lessons with students. The results indicated an optimal solution by reducing the number of some animal species and some changes in the agricultural, emphasizing greater investment in horticulture. When comparing the current average cost of farm-school with that indicated by the optimization model, we note that there could be a reduction of 54.2%, as a result of productive resources reallocation without compromising the food supply to the community and the realization of pedagogical practices. Transforming real systems of agricultural production in a set of equations involves skills of cognitive and affective domain. The model provides mobilization of knowledge, exchange of information, establishing relationships between activities, evaluating data to generate parameters and creating mathematical equations, encouraging reflective posture. These processes are inherent in teaching and learning, which validates the use of this tool. Note also, that modeling provides a multidisciplinary and identifies areas that require research. It is concluded that the proposed model is a decision support tool with the potential to contribute in organizational management, training of technicians and teachers in mathematical modeling and developing methods for teaching practices contributing to the process of teaching and learning.

Aujourd’hui, les matériaux composites sont très largement utilisés, notamment dans la réalisation de structures aéronautiques, grâce à leurs nombreux avantages fonctionnels. Leurs caractéristiques mécaniques spécifiques (propriétés/masse volumique) nettement supérieures à d’autres matériaux plus classiques, tels que l’acier ou l’aluminium et la réalisation de formes complexes, font de ces matériaux des candidats très compétitifs dans de nombreux secteurs au-delà de l’aéronautique. Toutefois, ces matériaux présentent à différentes échelles d’observation des sources de variabilité caractéristiques à chacune d’entre elles. Le procédé de fabrication des pièces ainsi que les propriétés des constituants élémentaires en sont les principaux responsables. Trois niveaux (ou échelles) d’observation sont usuellement considérés dans les matériaux composites : l’échelle microscopique (fibres et matrice), l’échelle mésoscopique (pli) et enfin l’échelle macroscopique (stratification de plis). Les sources de variabilité se propagent à travers les échelles et génèrent finalement des comportements mécaniques dispersés à l’échelle de la structure. La prise en considération de cette variabilité s’avère alors pertinente pour le concepteur, désireux d’obtenir un indicateur de la fiabilité du matériau ou de la structure composite qu’il conçoit. Pour cela, il est nécessaire de transférer à moindre coût de calcul cette variabilité dès l’échelle microscopique et jusqu’à l’échelle de la structure. La construction de lois de distribution des propriétés mécaniques équivalentes en fonction de la variabilité présente à chaque échelle est alors indispensable. L’objectif de ce travail de recherche a été d’élaborer des distributions du comportement homogénéisé du matériau à l’échelle des fibres et de la matrice en fonction de la variabilité existante à cette échelle. La réduction du temps de calcul nécessaire à leur obtention a été également visée. À partir d’une observation microscopique réalisée sur une coupe d’un CMO, la variabilité morphologique du milieu hétérogène a été caractérisée et six types différents de motifs d’arrangements de fibres regroupés en cellules ont ainsi été identifiés. Des cellules virtuelles, physiquement raisonnables, ont été générées et proposées pour établir des lois de distribution du comportement équivalent par type de cellule, en fonction des paramètres variables pertinents retenus à cette échelle. En ce qui concerne la réduction du temps de calcul nécessaire à l’élaboration de ces lois de distribution, une démarche reposant sur l’utilisation des réseaux de neurones a été proposée. Cette démarche a été illustrée sur une cellule de type 6 et pour un nombre de 1000 calculs EF de référence, afin d’apprécier la qualité de l’approximation ainsi que la diminution du temps de calcul. La réduction du temps de calcul s’est avérée significative. Le gain du temps a été d’environ 95 %. / Nowadays, composite materials are very widely used, notably in the domain of aeronautical structures, thanks to their numerous functional benefits. Their specific mechanical properties (properties/density) far superior to those of conventional materials, such as steel or aluminum and the realization of complex shapes, make these materials perfect candidates in many areas beyond aviation. However, these materials present at different observation scales sources of variability peculiar to each one. The manufacturing process and the properties of the elementary constituents are in fact the principal cause of these sources of variability. Three levels (or scales) of observation are usually considered regarding composite materials: the microscopic scale (fibers and matrix), the mesoscopic scale (ply) and finally the macroscopic scale (laminate material). The sources of variability propagate trough the scales and finally generate dispersed mechanical behaviors at the structure scale. Taking into consideration these sources is proved to be a relevant work by the designer, which in turn will allow him to calculate an indicator of the composite structure reliability that he is conceiving. To be able to do the latter work, it is necessary to transfer this variability at a lower computational cost from the microscopic level up to the structure scale. The construction of equivalent mechanical properties distributions according to the variability present at each scale is then essential. The objective of this research work was to build statistical distributions of the homogenized behavior of the material at the scale of fibers and matrix, according to the existing variability at this scale. Minimizing the computation time required for obtaining these distributions was another important objective. From a microscopic observation made on a section of a CMO, the morphological variability of the heterogeneous medium has been characterized and six different types of arrangements patterns of fibers grouped into cells have then been identified. Physically reasonable virtual cells have been developed and suggested, in order to build the equivalent behavior distribution by cell type, according to the relevant variables selected at this scale. Now, in order to minimize the computing time required for the creation of these distributions, an approach based on neural networks was proposed. This approach was used for a type 6 cell and for a number of 1000 FE calculations, in order to evaluate the quality of the approximation as well as the reduction of computation time. Hence, the reduction of the computation time was significant, at an approximate rate of 95 %.

Optimalizace procesu vrtání kovových materiálů vyžaduje minimální tvorbu otřepů a jednotný vzhled vrtaných děr. Cílem práce bylo pochopit roli různých klíčových faktorů, jako řezných podmínek, způsobu upnutí obrobku a geometrie vrtáku, na tvorbu otřepů při vrtání 2 mm plechů tvářené hliníkové slitiny Al99.7Mg0.5Cu-H24, za použití vrtáků o průměru 1,6 a 2 mm, pro dosažení minimalizace tvorby otřepů a zajištění jednotnosti získaných povrchů pro velký počet vrtaných děr v obrobku. Tohoto cíle bylo dosaženo provedením 3 experimentálních testů. První experimentální test byl proveden za účelem sledování vlivu řezné rychlosti a posuvu za otáčku, jakožto rozpoznaných řezných parametrů nejvýznamněji ovlivňujících tvorbu otřepů, na výsledné velikosti vzniklých otřepů a jednotnosti vrtaných děr. V druhém experimentu byl zkonstruován vakuový upínací přípravek, za účelem upnutí vrtaného hliníkového plechu a omezení prostoru pro tvorbu otřepů na výstupní straně vrtání na obrobku, a jeho vlivu na tvorbu otřepů bylo vyhodnoceno. V třetím testu byl vyhodnocen efekt rozdílných geometrií vrtáků na tvorbu otřepů, spolu s dosaženou jednotností vrtaných děr. Výsledky z prvního experimentu prokázaly, že výška a tloušťka otřepů je redukována na obou stranách vrtaného plechu za použití vyšších řezných rychlostí. Při použití vyšších posuvů byla viděna zvětšující se výška a tloušťka otřepů na obou stranách vrtání, s výjimkou výšky otřepů na vstupní straně vrtáku do obrobku, která byla minimálně snížena. Druhý experiment prokázal, že vhodně konstruovaný vakuový upínací přípravek může významně omezit vznik otřepů na výstupní straně vrtáku z obrobku. V třetím experimentu, za použití 3 břitého vrtáku a vhodně konstruovaného vakuového upínací ho přípravku, bylo dosaženo eliminace tvorby otřepů z obou stran vrtaného plechu, společně s naplněním požadavků na jednotný vzhled vrtaných děr a vysoké výrobní produktivity. Takovýto optimalizovaný proces, bez nutnosti použití přídavné operace na odstranění vzniklých otřepů, poskytuje významnou redukci výrobních nákladů. Mimoto jsou poskytnuta doporučení pro další výzkum k dosažení zlepšení ve výrobě.

Building an accurate and reliable model for prediction for different application domains, is one of the most significant challenges in knowledge discovery and data mining. This thesis focuses on building and enhancing a generic predictive model for estimating a future value by extracting association rules (knowledge) from a quantitative database. This model is applied to several data sets obtained from different benchmark problems, and the results are evaluated through extensive experimental tests. The thesis presents an incremental development process for the prediction model with three stages. Firstly, a Knowledge Discovery (KD) model is proposed by integrating Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) with Apriori approach to extract Fuzzy Association Rules (FARs) from a database for building a Knowledge Base (KB) to predict a future value. The KD model has been tested with two road-traffic data sets. Secondly, the initial model has been further developed by including a diversification method in order to improve a reliable FARs to find out the best and representative rules. The resulting Diverse Fuzzy Rule Base (DFRB) maintains high quality and diverse FARs offering a more reliable and generic model. The model uses FCM to transform quantitative data into fuzzy ones, while a Multiple Support Apriori (MSapriori) algorithm is adapted to extract the FARs from fuzzy data. The correlation values for these FARs are calculated, and an efficient orientation for filtering FARs is performed as a post-processing method. The FARs diversity is maintained through the clustering of FARs, based on the concept of the sharing function technique used in multi-objectives optimization. The best and the most diverse FARs are obtained as the DFRB to utilise within the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) for prediction. The third stage of development proposes a hybrid prediction model called Fuzzy Associative Classification Rule Mining (FACRM) model. This model integrates the ii improved Gustafson-Kessel (G-K) algorithm, the proposed Fuzzy Associative Classification Rules (FACR) algorithm and the proposed diversification method. The improved G-K algorithm transforms quantitative data into fuzzy data, while the FACR generate significant rules (Fuzzy Classification Association Rules (FCARs)) by employing the improved multiple support threshold, associative classification and vertical scanning format approaches. These FCARs are then filtered by calculating the correlation value and the distance between them. The advantage of the proposed FACRM model is to build a generalized prediction model, able to deal with different application domains. The validation of the FACRM model is conducted using different benchmark data sets from the University of California, Irvine (UCI) of machine learning and KEEL (Knowledge Extraction based on Evolutionary Learning) repositories, and the results of the proposed FACRM are also compared with other existing prediction models. The experimental results show that the error rate and generalization performance of the proposed model is better in the majority of data sets with respect to the commonly used models. A new method for feature selection entitled Weighting Feature Selection (WFS) is also proposed. The WFS method aims to improve the performance of FACRM model. The prediction performance is improved by minimizing the prediction error and reducing the number of generated rules. The prediction results of FACRM by employing WFS have been compared with that of FACRM and Stepwise Regression (SR) models for different data sets. The performance analysis and comparative study show that the proposed prediction model provides an effective approach that can be used within a decision support system. / Applied Science University (ASU) of Jordan

Multi-armed bandit (MAB) algorithms could be used to select a subset of the k most informative summary statistics, from a pool of m possible summary statistics, by reformulating the subset selection problem as a MAB problem. This is suggested by experiments that tested five MAB algorithms (Direct, Halving, SAR, OCBA-m, and Racing) on the reformulated problem and comparing the results to two established subset selection algorithms (Minimizing Entropy and Approximate Sufficiency). The MAB algorithms yielded errors at par with the established methods, but in only a fraction of the time. Establishing MAB algorithms as a new standard for summary statistics subset selection could therefore save numerous scientists substantial amounts of time when selecting summary statistics for approximate bayesian computation.