Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:23:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1110634 bytes, checksum: 2fca1d4f36b7153de287bd841f14152d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The effectiveness of the mathematical models developed to describe the solute transport in the soil depends on the reliability of the values of the transport parameters. Although the determination of these parameters use the same transport equation, some experimental conditions such as the column length and the pore water velocity does not have standards, making questionable the results and the comparison of different researches. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of flow velocity and the length of soil column to determine the coefficient of dispersion-diffusion (D), dispersivity (λ) and the retardation factor (R) of the potassium ion (K+) on an Oxisol (clay soil) and on a Dystric Quartzarenic Neosol (sandy soil). The experiment was conducted in a laboratory using, for each soil, columns of lengths (L) equals to 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 cm, with an internal diameter of 47 mm and pore water velocities equal to (v) 61.9, 69.12, 74.88 and 80.86 cm h-1 for the clay soil and 37.16, 40.57, 48.07 and 44.0 cm h-1 for the sandy soil. The columns repacked and saturated with a solution of CaCl2, 0.005 mol L-1 were connected to a Mariotte bottle, containing the same solution of CaCl2, until a steady flow is achieved. Later, it was applied the head that would provide the desired pore water velocity according to the hydraulic conductivity and total porosity of the column, and then the solution was replaced by a KCl solution containing 130 mg L-1 of K+. The effluent of the solution of K+ was collected until seven pore volumes for clay soil and five pore volumes for sandy soil were achieved. These pore volumes were divided into 18 samples of about 0.28 and 0.39 pore volumes for sandy and clay soil, respectively. The R and D transport parameters were obtained using the Disp computer program and the λ was obtained by the equation D = Do + λv, being Do equal to 0.0713 cm2 h-1 for the KCl. For both soils, D increased linearly with L and v and the λ linearly increased with L. The R, for the clay soil, linearly decreased with L and increased with v. For the sandy soil, the R had a linear decreased in terms of L. It can be concluded that the solute transport parameters were influenced by the length of soil column and the pore water velocity. / A eficácia dos modelos matemáticos desenvolvidos para descrever o transporte de solutos no solo depende do grau de confiabilidade dos valores dos parâmetros de transporte. Apesar dos trabalhos de determinação destes parâmetros utilizarem a mesma equação de transporte, algumas condições experimentais como o comprimento da coluna e a velocidade de deslocamento da solução aplicada não têm padronização, tornando questionáveis os resultados obtidos e a comparação destes com outros trabalhos. Com isso, este estudo objetivou avaliar a influência da velocidade de escoamento e do comprimento da coluna de solo na determinação do coeficiente de dispersão-difusão (D), da dispersividade (λ) e do fator de retardamento (R) do íon potássio (K+) em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (LVd) e num Neossolo Quartizarênico órtico (RQo). O experimento foi realizado em laboratório, utilizando, para cada solo, colunas de lixiviação de comprimento (L) iguais a 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 cm, com 4,7 cm de diâmetros internos e velocidades de escoamento da solução (v) de 61,9; 69,12, 74,88 e 80,86 cm h-1 para o LVd e de 37,16; 40,57, 44,0 e 48,07 cm h-1 para o RQo. As colunas, preenchidas com o solo desestruturado e saturado com solução de CaCl2, 0,005 mol L-1, foram conectadas a permeâmetros de carga constante contendo a mesma solução de CaCl2 até se obter escoamento permanente. Posteriormente, aplicava-se a carga que proporcionaria a velocidade desejada de acordo com a condutividade hidráulica da coluna e a porosidade total e, em seguida substituía-se a solução por uma de KCl contendo 130 mg L-1 de K+. O efluente da solução de K+ foi coletado até atingir sete volumes de poros para o LVd e cinco volumes de poros para o RQo, sendo que esses volumes foram divididos em 18 coletas de aproximadamente 0,28 e 0,39 volumes de poros para o RQo e o LVd, respectivamente. Os parâmetros de transporte R e D foram obtidos utilizando-se o programa computacional Disp e a λ foi obtida pela equação D = Do + λv, sendo Do igual a 0,0713 cm2 h-1 para o KCl . Para os dois solos, D apresentou ajuste de regressão linear múltipla positiva em função de L e de v com R² = 0,79 para o LVd e R² = 0,85 para o RQo, o parâmetro λ ajustou-se a regressão linear simples positiva em função de L com R² = 0,92 e R² = 0,93 para o LVd e o RQo, respectivamente. O R, para o LVd, apresentou ajuste de regressão linear simples negativa em função de L (R² = 0,87) e positiva em função de v (R² = 0,68). Para o RQo, o R apresentou ajuste de regressão linear simples negativa em função de L (R² = 0,79). Pode-se concluir que os parâmetros de transporte de solutos foram influenciados pelo comprimento da coluna de solo e pela velocidade de escoamento da solução deslocadora.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:25:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tatiane_texto.pdf: 2558616 bytes, checksum: c23ff4ce31df2fb07ce669109433709c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-08 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Swine wastewater application into soil to reuse water on cropping provides the addition of total and dissolved organic matter to soil, which interferes in the dynamics of pesticides in soil. This study aims at evaluating the effects of total and dissolved organic matter application from two systems of swine wastewater, biodigestor and lagoon treatments, in alachlor sorption, desorption, leaching and formation of bound residues into soil. The batch method was used to test sorption and desorption and the results were presented in Freundlich isotherms. The evaluation of miscible displacement of alachlor, in soil treated with total and dissolved organic matter, was performed by disturbed soil columns, by monitoring the concentration of alachlor in leachate, total organic carbon and pH. Extraction and quantification of desorption, extractable and bound residues were carried out. After that, it was registered the chemical fractionation of humic substances in extracts containing organic matter of low molecular weight, humic acids and fulvic acids, which were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and total organic carbon concentration. The swine wastewater addition promoted greater sorption and desorption of alachlor compared to Control. The dissolved organic matter promoted less sorption of alachlor in soil when compared to total organic matter, resulting in an increased leaching of alachlor. The dissolved organic matter did not show desorption residues, only extractable ones. The highest amount of total organic carbon was in organic matter of low molecular weight, spectroscope characterized, by the presence of carboxylate anions, which are important in sorption process. The total organic matter has contributed to the emergence of new sorption sites in soil column and the solids present in its composition blocked the movement of pesticide, resulting in lower leaching of alachlor. The dissolved organic matter interacted with alachlor and / or competed with the sorption sites of soil, promoting greater losses by leaching of this herbicide. / A aplicação de água residuária de suinocultura ao solo como reúso de água na agricultura resulta na adição de matéria orgânica total e dissolvida, que interferem na dinâmica dos pesticidas no solo. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da aplicação de matéria orgânica total e dissolvida proveniente de dois sistemas de tratamento de água residuária de suinocultura, biodigestor e esterqueira, na adsorção, dessorção, lixiviação e formação de resíduos ligados de alaclor no solo. O método do equilíbrio foi utilizado para o teste de adsorção e dessorção e os resultados foram apresentados em isotermas de Freundlich. A avaliação do deslocamento miscível do alaclor no solo tratado com matéria orgânica total e dissolvida foi realizada por ensaios em colunas de solo deformado, monitorando-se a concentração de alaclor no lixiviado, teor de carbono orgânico total e pH. Realizou-se a extração e quantificação dos resíduos dessorvíveis, extraíves e ligados do solo. Na sequência, fez-se o fracionamento químico das substâncias húmicas em extratos contendo matéria orgânica de baixo peso molecular, ácidos húmicos e ácidos fúlvicos, que foram caracterizados por espectroscopia infravermelha e pela concentração de carbono orgânico total. A adição de água residuária de suinocultura promoveu maior adsorção e dessorção do alaclor comparado ao Controle. A matéria orgânica dissolvida promoveu menor adsorção de alaclor ao solo comparada à total, resultando em maior lixiviação. A matéria orgânica dissolvida não apresentou resíduos dessorvíveis, apenas extraíveis. A maior quantidade de carbono orgânico total esteve presente na matéria orgânica de baixo peso molecular, caracterizada espectroscopicamente, pela presença de ânions carboxilatos, importantes no processo de adsorção. A matéria orgânica total contribuiu com o surgimento de novos sítios de sorção na coluna de solo e os sólidos presentes em sua composição bloquearam a passagem do pesticida, resultando em menores perdas de alaclor por lixiviação. A matéria orgânica dissolvida interagiu com o alaclor e/ou competiu com os sítios sortivos do solo, promovendo maiores perdas deste herbicida por lixiviação.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:48:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tatiane_texto.pdf: 2558616 bytes, checksum: c23ff4ce31df2fb07ce669109433709c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-08 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Swine wastewater application into soil to reuse water on cropping provides the addition of total and dissolved organic matter to soil, which interferes in the dynamics of pesticides in soil. This study aims at evaluating the effects of total and dissolved organic matter application from two systems of swine wastewater, biodigestor and lagoon treatments, in alachlor sorption, desorption, leaching and formation of bound residues into soil. The batch method was used to test sorption and desorption and the results were presented in Freundlich isotherms. The evaluation of miscible displacement of alachlor, in soil treated with total and dissolved organic matter, was performed by disturbed soil columns, by monitoring the concentration of alachlor in leachate, total organic carbon and pH. Extraction and quantification of desorption, extractable and bound residues were carried out. After that, it was registered the chemical fractionation of humic substances in extracts containing organic matter of low molecular weight, humic acids and fulvic acids, which were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and total organic carbon concentration. The swine wastewater addition promoted greater sorption and desorption of alachlor compared to Control. The dissolved organic matter promoted less sorption of alachlor in soil when compared to total organic matter, resulting in an increased leaching of alachlor. The dissolved organic matter did not show desorption residues, only extractable ones. The highest amount of total organic carbon was in organic matter of low molecular weight, spectroscope characterized, by the presence of carboxylate anions, which are important in sorption process. The total organic matter has contributed to the emergence of new sorption sites in soil column and the solids present in its composition blocked the movement of pesticide, resulting in lower leaching of alachlor. The dissolved organic matter interacted with alachlor and / or competed with the sorption sites of soil, promoting greater losses by leaching of this herbicide. / A aplicação de água residuária de suinocultura ao solo como reúso de água na agricultura resulta na adição de matéria orgânica total e dissolvida, que interferem na dinâmica dos pesticidas no solo. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da aplicação de matéria orgânica total e dissolvida proveniente de dois sistemas de tratamento de água residuária de suinocultura, biodigestor e esterqueira, na adsorção, dessorção, lixiviação e formação de resíduos ligados de alaclor no solo. O método do equilíbrio foi utilizado para o teste de adsorção e dessorção e os resultados foram apresentados em isotermas de Freundlich. A avaliação do deslocamento miscível do alaclor no solo tratado com matéria orgânica total e dissolvida foi realizada por ensaios em colunas de solo deformado, monitorando-se a concentração de alaclor no lixiviado, teor de carbono orgânico total e pH. Realizou-se a extração e quantificação dos resíduos dessorvíveis, extraíves e ligados do solo. Na sequência, fez-se o fracionamento químico das substâncias húmicas em extratos contendo matéria orgânica de baixo peso molecular, ácidos húmicos e ácidos fúlvicos, que foram caracterizados por espectroscopia infravermelha e pela concentração de carbono orgânico total. A adição de água residuária de suinocultura promoveu maior adsorção e dessorção do alaclor comparado ao Controle. A matéria orgânica dissolvida promoveu menor adsorção de alaclor ao solo comparada à total, resultando em maior lixiviação. A matéria orgânica dissolvida não apresentou resíduos dessorvíveis, apenas extraíveis. A maior quantidade de carbono orgânico total esteve presente na matéria orgânica de baixo peso molecular, caracterizada espectroscopicamente, pela presença de ânions carboxilatos, importantes no processo de adsorção. A matéria orgânica total contribuiu com o surgimento de novos sítios de sorção na coluna de solo e os sólidos presentes em sua composição bloquearam a passagem do pesticida, resultando em menores perdas de alaclor por lixiviação. A matéria orgânica dissolvida interagiu com o alaclor e/ou competiu com os sítios sortivos do solo, promovendo maiores perdas deste herbicida por lixiviação.

De nombreux travaux visent à caractériser l'influence des hétérogénéités sur le transport de soluté dans les sous-sols. La dispersion anormale observée à l'échelle de l'aquifère est en partie attribuée aux effets du non-équilibre, comme l'échange de masse entre des régions présentant un contraste de perméabilité élevé. En présence de non-équilibre à grande échelle, le transport miscible ne peut plus être décrit par une équation classique de convection-dispersion. Une méthode de changement d'échelle doit permettre de prendre en compte les hétérogénéités, et donner une représentation macroscopique du transport. Différentes techniques peuvent être utilisées, la méthode de prise de moyenne volumique à grande échelle est employée ici. Cette méthode calcule les équations de transport et les propriétés effectives associées par un processus de moyenne spatiale sur les équations correspondant à l'échelle inférieure. Au travers de trois problèmes de fermeture, une expression explicite des propriétés à grande échelle est proposée. Le modèle obtenu peut être vu comme une extension des modèles à double-porosité, capable de représenter la plupart des comportements anormaux. Différents modèles à une équation sont ensuite dérivés et comparés entre eux (comportement asymptotique, hypothèse d'équilibre local, cas de non-équilibre). Une procédure numérique générale est mise en place afin de résoudre les problèmes de fermeture, et ainsi calculer les coefficients de transport macroscopiques. Afin de valider le modèle à deux équations, les prédictions théoriques sont comparées aux expériences numériques réalisées sur des milieux stratifiés et nodulaires. Nous explorons enfin la possibilité d'utiliser une approche à deux équations en relation avec une définition géo-statistique des hétérogénéités. Des systèmes stratifiés aléatoires et des milieux aléatoires bi-dimensionnels sont étudiés, un bon accord est obtenu entre l'approche théorique et les résultats expérimentaux.

Cette thèse concerne la modélisation, l'étude mathématique et la simulation numérique des problèmes d'écoulements diphasique (liquide et gaz) multi-composant (principalement eau et hydrogène) en milieu poreux. Le domaine d'application typique concerne le stockage des déchets radioactifs de moyenne et haute activité à vie longue. Ce type d'étude est motivé, entre autre, par une augmentation de la pression au sein du stockage due à un dégagement d'hydrogène au niveau des colis, pouvant ainsi fracturer la roche environnante et donc faciliter la migration des radionucléides. En supposant que le transfert de masse entre l'hydrogène gazeux et l'hydrogène dissous est donné par la loi de Henry un premier modèle est étudié. Une preuve d'existence de solutions faibles pour ce modèle a été réalisée sans hypothèse de petites données et en traitant le modèle complet en considérant que la densité de chaque composant dépend de sa propre pression. Ensuite,nous avons fait évoluer le modèle vers un modèle à transfert de masse dynamique. On établit l'existence de solutions faibles pour ce deuxième modèle avec un principe du maximum sur la saturation liquide et sur la fraction massique d'hydrogène dissous. Parallèlement, un code numérique en 1D a été développé afin de comparer les solutions numériques obtenues entre le premier modèle et le second modèle lorsque la cinétique de changement de phase devient instantanée. Des accords probant ont été obtenus sur différents cas tests dont un issu des cas tests du GNR MOMAS diphasique. Enfin, un schéma numérique de type volumes finis avec un décentrage phase par phase pour la simulation des écoulements diphasiques eau-gaz sous l'hypothèse que la densité de chaque phase dépend de sa propre pression a été proposé. On établit la convergence de ce schéma numérique. Ce schéma a été validé sur un maillage 2D non structuré.

CO₂ injection in oil reservoirs provides the dual benefit of increasing oil recovery as well as sequestration. Compositional simulations using phase behavior calculations are used to model miscibility and estimate oil recovery. The injected CO₂, however, is known to react with brine. The precipitation and dissolution reactions, especially with carbonate rocks, can have undesirable consequences. The geochemical reactions can also change the mole numbers of components and impact the phase behavior of hydrocarbons. A Gibbs free energy framework that integrates phase equilibrium computations and geochemical reactions is presented in this dissertation. This framework uses the Gibbs free energy function to unify different phase descriptions - Equation of State (EOS) for hydrocarbon components and activity coefficient model for aqueous phase components. A Gibbs free energy minimization model was developed to obtain the equilibrium composition for a system with not just phase equilibrium (no reactions) but also phase and chemical equilibrium (with reactions). This model is adaptable to different reservoirs and can be incorporated in compositional simulators. The Gibbs free energy model is used for two batch calculation applications. In the first application, solubility models are developed for acid gases (CO₂ /H2 S) in water as well as brine at high pressures (0.1 - 80 MPa) and high temperatures (298-393 K). The solubility models are useful for formulating acid gas injection schemes to ensure continuous production from contaminated gas fields as well as for CO₂ sequestration. In the second application, the Gibbs free energy approach is used to predict the phase behavior of hydrocarbon mixtures - CO₂ -nC₁₄ H₃₀ and CH₄ -CO₂. The Gibbs free energy model is also used to predict the impact of geochemical reactions on the phase behavior of these two hydrocarbon mixtures. The Gibbs free energy model is integrated with flow using operator splitting to model an application of cation exchange reactions between aqueous phase and the solid surface. A 1-D numerical model to predict effluent concentration for a system with three cations using the Gibbs free energy minimization approach was observed to be faster than an equivalent stoichiometric approach. Analytical solutions were also developed for this system using the hyperbolic theory of conservation laws and are compared with experimental results available at laboratory and field scales. / text

Miscible gas flooding is a common method for enhanced oil recovery. Reliable design of miscible gas flooding requires compositional reservoir simulation that can accurately predict the fluid properties resulting from mass transfer between reservoir oil and injection gas. Drawbacks of compositional simulation are the efficiency and robustness of phase equilibrium calculations consisting of flash calculations and phase stability analysis. Simulation of multicontact miscible gas flooding involves a large number of phase equilibrium calculations in a near-critical region, where the calculations are time-consuming and difficult. Also, mixtures of reservoir oil and solvent such as CO₂ and rich gas can exhibit complex phase behavior at temperatures typically below 120°F, where three hydrocarbon-phases can coexist. However, most compositional simulators do not attempt to solve for three hydrocarbon-phases because three-phase equilibrium calculations are more complicated, difficult, and time-consuming than traditional two-phase equilibrium calculations. Due to the lack of robust algorithms for three-phase equilibrium calculations, the effect of a third hydrocarbon-phase on low-temperature oil displacement is little known. We develop robust and efficient algorithms for phase equilibrium calculations for two and three phases. The algorithms are implemented in a compositional reservoir simulator. Simulation case studies show that our algorithms can significantly decrease the computational time without loss of accuracy. Speed-up of 40% is achieved for a reservoir simulation using 20 components, compared to standard algorithms. Speed-up occurs not only because of improved computational efficiency but also because of increased robustness resulting in longer time-step sizes. We demonstrate the importance of three-phase equilibrium calculations, where simulations with two-phase equilibrium approximations proposed in the literature can result in complete failure or erroneous simulation results. Using the robust phase equilibrium algorithms developed, the mechanism is investigated for high efficiency of low-temperature oil displacements by CO₂ involving three hydrocarbon-phases. Results show that high displacement efficiency can be achieved when the composition path goes near the critical endpoint where the gaseous and CO₂-rich liquid phases merge in the presence of the oleic phase. Complete miscibility may not be developed for three-phase flow without considering the existence of a tricritical point. / text

Submitted by Deyse Queiroz (deysequeirozz@hotmail.com) on 2018-06-13T13:49:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GILVANISE ALVES TITO - TESE PPGEA 2009..pdf: 11064945 bytes, checksum: bac5edce5a2a3875418ba29344312d3e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-13T13:49:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GILVANISE ALVES TITO - TESE PPGEA 2009..pdf: 11064945 bytes, checksum: bac5edce5a2a3875418ba29344312d3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09 / A contaminação dos solos por metais pesados tem sido um problema crescente ao meio ambiente e à saúde das pessoas em função da alta toxicidade, razão por que a ciência busca alternativas que possam impedir ou pelo menos minimizar os efeitos poluidores desses metais ou, ainda, remediar os ambientes já contaminados. Assim, vários estudos utilizando matérias adsorventes estão sendo conduzidos como forma de reduzir os efeitos poluidores desses metais. E importante conhecer o processo de adsorção de metais pesados por minerais de argila, uma vez que estes são capazes de imobilizar referidos metais. No presente trabalho avaliou-se, através de três experimentos, a capacidade da bentonita na remediação de solos contaminados com zinco e cobre. O primeiro experimento consistiu no estudo da adsorção desses metais pela bentonita, em pH 4; 5 e 6, utilizando-se os modelos matemáticos de Langmuir e Freundlich. A partir de experimentos tipo "batch" foram elaboradas isotermas de adsorção com quantidades crescentes de zinco e cobre (5; 10; 20; 30; 50; 100; 150 e 200 mg L"1); o segundo experimento consistiu no estudo da mobilidade de zinco e cobre em colunas de lixiviação, preparadas com solo e doses crescentes de bentonita (0; 30 e 60 t ha"1). Os parâmetros de transporte foram calculados através do modelo computacional DISP. No último experimento avaliou-se, em casa de vegetação, o efeito das doses de zinco e cobre (50; 250 e 450 mg kg"1) e de bentonita (0; 30 e 60 t ha"1), adicionados ao solo, na produção de fitomassa e composição mineral do feijoeiro. Terminado o experimento (65 dias), foram determinadas as concentrações do zinco e do cobre nas partes aéreas e nas raízes das plantas e no solo das unidades experimentais, cujos resultados permitiram concluir que a incorporação de bentonita ao solo aumentou a adsorção do zinco e do cobre e que esta adsorção é dependente do pH da solução; que os modelos de Langmuir e Freundlich se apresentaram adequados para descrever a adsorção desses metais; que o tamanho das partículas da bentonita não influenciou na adsorção e a incorporação de bentonita ao solo contribuiu para diminuir a concentração e o acúmulo dos metais zinco e cobre, nas plantas de feijão-macassar. / The contamination of soil by heavy metais has been a growing problem to the environment and to the people's health in function of their toxicity, that has induced the science to search alternatives to prevent, or at least, minimize the pollutant effects of those metais or still, remediate the already polluted environment. Thus, several studies using sorbent materiais are conducted aiming to reduce the pollution problems produced by the excess of heavy metais. It is important to know the process of adsorption of heavy metais by clay minerais, because these are capable to immobilize such metais. The present study was carried out aiming, through three experiments, to evaluate the ability of the bentonite clay on the remediation of soils contaminated with zinc and copper. The fírst experiment consisted in studying the adsorption of these metais by bentonite at pH 4; 5 and 6, using the mathematical models of Langmuir and Freundlich. Adsorption isotherms were elaborated from batch adsorption assays, with increasing zinc and copper concentrations (5; 10; 20; 30; 50; 100; 150 and 200 mg L"1); the second experiment consisted in studying the zinc and copper mobility through leaching columns, prepared with soil and increasing bentonite leveis (0; 30 and 601 ha"1). The transport parameters were calculated using the computer model DISP. Finally, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of zinc and copper (50; 250 and 450mg kg"1) and bentonite (0; 30 and 60 t ha"1) added to the soil, on the phytomass production and mineral composition of a bean plant (Vigna unguiculata.h). At the end of the experiment (65 days) the phytomass and the content of zinc and copper in the aerial part, in the roots and in the soil were determined. It was observed that the adsorption of the elements increased with the bentonite application being dependent of the pH of the solution; the two studied models are appropriate to describe the zinc and copper adsorption for the bentonite; the granulometric size of the bentonite does not influence the metais adsorption and that the application of bentonite to the soil contributed to the decrease the concentration and accumulation of the heavy metais in the bean plant.

Dans cette thèse, on a étudié l’évolution de l’interface par électro-osmose entre deux couches de fluides dans un canal microfluidique. Les applications de ce problème concernent le mélange et le transport, sans contact avec des actionneurs, de fluides en micro-canal. De nombreuses questions restent toutefois posées lorsque le champ est oscillant en temps, notamment vis à vis de la stabilité de l'interface entre les deux fluides. Une analyse de stabilité linéaire basée sur une perturbation à l’interface a été réalisée pour un film mince d'électrolyte sous des champs électriques continus (constants) et alternatifs (dépendant du temps). Une analyse asymptotique avec une hypothèse de grande longueur d’onde des équations d'Orr-Sommerfeld a été appliquée afin de déterminer les seuils de stabilité paramétriques d'un film mince aqueux. L’accent a été mis sur les effets de la tension de surface, de la pression de disjonction pour l'interaction gaz-liquide-substrat, de l'amplitude et de la fréquence du champ électrique appliqué, ainsi que du potentiel zêta du substrat et de la surface libre. Une analyse comparative des profils de vitesse de l’état de base avec et sans contraintes de Maxwell à l’interface, a montré que les gradients de vitesse étaient importants à l'interface liquide-liquide avec les contraintes de Maxwell. De tels gradients sont essentiels à l'instabilité interfaciale sous l’action d’un champ électrique périodique car ils peuvent atténuer ou amplifier les ondes à l’interface. Parallèlement, un dispositif expérimental a été conçu et monté afin de caractériser l’écoulement électroosmotique dans un micro-canal rectangulaire. Avec l'aide d'une analyse PTV (« Particle Tracking Velocimetry »), les distributions de vitesse ont été obtenues et comparées aux prédictions théoriques. Cette comparaison a permis d’estimer le potentiel zêta du PDMS utilisé, valeur conforme à la valeur indiquée dans la littérature. / Since the past decade, use of electro-osmotic flow (EOF) as an alternative flow mechanism in microdevices is becoming more popular due to its less bulky and low maintenance system design. However, one of the biggest shortcomings for its usage in mainstream applications is that it requires the concerned liquid to be electrically conductive. One idea can be to use the flow of conductive fluids to transport non-conductive liquids passively via interfacial shear transfer. Such an idea can has numerous applications in a wide range of fields like bio-chemical processing (e.g. lab-on-a-chip reactors, mixers, etc.), to oil extraction from porous rock formations. One of the significant characteristics of micro-scale flows is high surface to volume ratio, which significantly highlights the role of multi-phase interfaces in such dynamics. The presence of a fluid-fluid interface in an EOF necessitates the characterization of the parameters responsible for hydrodynamic instability of such systems. The present work focuses on the role of steady and time-dependent electric stress (Maxwell stress), capillary force and disjoining pressure on fluid-fluid interfacial instability. A linear stability analysis of interfacial perturbation was performed for a thin film of electrolyte under DC and AC electric fields. Through long wave asymptotic analysis of the Orr-Sommerfeld equations, parametric stability thresholds of a thin aqueous film explored. Further, a set of experiments were performed in order to characterize the EOF in a rectangular microchannel. With the help of a Particle Tracking Velocimetry analysis, velocity distributions were obtained which agreed well to the theoretical values. This was further used to estimate PDMS zeta potential, which was found to be within the reported values in the existing literature. Liquid-liquid interfacial deformation was also explored under a time-periodic EOF and a wide range of the magnitudes of capillary force, and diffusive and convective transport.

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