Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:39:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 455754.pdf: 893669 bytes, checksum: bd2adfaf3363bf9cdd14e534251c086f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-07 / Search, in the narratives of three novels by the Mozambican writer Mia Couto , any references to boats, barges, ships, vessels, canoes (finally, water transport in general) and realize how the different symbologies and meanings that carry these elements relate to and enrich such narratives are the main objectives of this research. Thus , the literary texts that form the corpus of this study are Terra Son?mbula, O outro p? da sereia and A confiss?o da leoa each volume representing a decade of the author's production, since the books were published in 1992 ( his first novel ) , 2006 and 2012 , respectively. The theory of this work was grounded mainly in the works of Gilbert Durand, Gaston Bachelard, Carl Gustav Jung and Mircea Eliade, in regards to issues relating to the imaginary. However, it is also important to check those specific aspects about Mozambique, its culture, society and beliefs, as well as about the writer whose work is reviewed here, in order to discover how these characteristics may alter the imagery related to water transports within the literary texts in question . For this reason, the studies of Laura Padilla, Ana Mafalda Leite, Pires Laranjeira, Inoc?ncia Mata, among others, were selected. / Buscar, nos meandros de tr?s romances do escritor mo?ambicano Mia Couto, quaisquer refer?ncias a barcos, barcas, naus, navios, canoas (enfim, a transportes aqu?ticos em geral) e perceber como as diferentes simbologias e significados que esses elementos carregam relacionam-se com e enriquecem tais narrativas s?o os principais objetivos desta pesquisa. Assim, os textos liter?rios a formarem o corpus do presente estudo s?o Terra son?mbula, O outro p? da sereia e A confiss?o da leoa cada volume representando uma d?cada da produ??o do autor, uma vez que os livros foram publicados em 1992 (seu primeiro romance), 2006 e 2012, respectivamente. J? a teoria do trabalho embasa-se, principalmente, nas obras de Gilbert Durand, Gaston Bachelard, Carl Gustav Jung e Mircea Eliade, no que diz respeito ?s quest?es relacionadas ao imagin?rio e a seu funcionamento. Por?m, tamb?m faz-se importante verificar aqueles aspectos espec?ficos acerca de Mo?ambique, de sua cultura, sociedade e cren?as, e tamb?m do escritor cuja obra ? aqui analisada, a fim de descobrir como essas particularidades podem modificar o imagin?rio relacionado a transportes aqu?ticos dentro dos textos liter?rios em quest?o. Para isso, foram selecionados os estudos dos te?ricos Laura Padilha, Ana Mafalda Leite, Pires Laranjeira, Inoc?ncia Mata, entre outros.

Thin films and multilayers are widely used in many applications, ranging from X-ray optics to microelectronic devices. In service, the X-ray optics elements are exposed to the X-ray beam, which heats up the structure resulting in the thermal deformations, and consequently in distortions of the reflective surface. In addition, the excessive heating may activate interdiffusion in the multilayers coatings and result in degradation of their reflective performance and even film cracking. Therefore, analysis of the thermally-induced deformations and stresses in the X-ray optical elements is important. The presented work is organized in two major parts. The first part examines formation of the peculiar periodic crack patterns observed in the thermally loaded Mo/Si multilayers. Film stress evolution during thermal cycling of the multilayers on Si substrate is analyzed. Results of the high-speed microscopic observations of crack propagation in the annealed Mo/Si multilayers are presented. The observations provide experimental evidence of the mechanism underlying formation of the periodic crack patterns. In the second part, thermal deformations and the resulting surface curvature changes in the X-ray optics elements are analyzed. Finite element modeling is used to assess the potential to thermally control curvature in the X-ray mirrors consisting of the Mo/Si multilayers on a Si substrate. Influence of heating due to the X-ray beam irradiation on thermal deformations in the X-ray mirror bonded to a thick substrate is analyzed in-depth. The detailed consideration includes analysis of the thermal and structural mechanics simulations. Based on simulations of different model configurations, influence of structural composition on thermal distortions of the optics elements is addressed. Results of this analysis can be used to mitigate distortions of the X-ray optics caused by the X-ray beam and provide basis for further studies of thermally controlling surface curvature in the optical elements.

Research on environmental relocation is scant and narrow, focusing on a few aspects of permanent relocation and social impacts of natural disasters. As a result, little is known about the long term social impacts of the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) environmental relocation policy. A combined conceptual and theoretical framework of Walter's placeways; Ullberg's disaster memoryscapes; Richardson's remembrance and memorialization; Dynes' social capital; and, Norris, Stevens, Pfefferbaum, Wyche, and Pfefferbaum's work on community resilience guided this phenomenological study with the purpose of better understanding competing and complementary roles of each of these constructs in the context of environmental relocation of one dioxin-contaminated community in Eastern Missouri. Data were collected from archival materials and interviews with 10 adults who were youth, teens, or young adults who lived in the community from 1970 through 1986. All data were coded and analyzed using Moustaka's reflective analysis procedure. Findings confirmed that the loss of place was most significant. The loss of place in this study refers to not only the physical relocation of all the residents of the entire community, but the razing of all the physical structures that were buried in a landfill. A state park was established where the community once existed. Future research to further extend the scholarship on environmental relocation could examine one or more of the other 18 contaminated communities relocated by the EPA to compare and contrast findings. Implications for social change include informing EPA policymakers, legislators, and officials about the long term social impacts in order to improve planning and implementation phases of environmental relocation.

Le détecteur NEMO3 a été conçu pour l'étude de la double désintégration bêta et particulièrement pour la recherche de la double désintégration bêta sans émission de neutrino ($0\nu\beta\beta$). La sensibilité attendue pour la désintégration $0\nu\beta\beta$ est, en terme de la demi-vie de l'ordre de $10^(25)$~ans, en terme de masse effective du neutrino cela correspond à une sensibilité (0,3 -- 0,1)~eV. Le processus $0\nu\beta\beta$ représente aujourd'hui le test de la nature Majorana du neutrino le plus prometteur. Le détecteur a été construit au Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM) en France par la collaboration internationale (France, Russie, République Tchèque, États-Unis, Royaume-Uni, Finlande et Japon). La prise de donnée a commencé en mai 2002 et continue actuellement. La masse de $^(100)$Mo dans le détecteur (7~kg) permet une mise en évidence de la double désintégration bêta avec émission de deux neutrinos ($2\nu\beta\beta$) du $^(100)$Mo vers l'état excité $0^+_1$ (canal eeN$\gamma$). Les simulations Monte-Carlo de l'effet et de tous les types de bruit de fond ont été effectuées pour définir un ensemble des critères de sélection appropriés. D'autre part des runs avec des sources du $^(208)$Tl et du $^(214)$Bi ainsi que des simulations Monte-Carlo de ces données ont montré que le seul bruit de fond significatif dans le canal eeN$\gamma$ vient du radon qui avait pénétré à l'intérieur de la chambre à fils de NEMO3. Les données expérimentales acquises de mai 2002 à mai 2003 ont été analysées pour déterminer le signal dû à la désintégration $2\nu\beta\beta$ du $^(100)$Mo vers l'état excité $0^+_1$ et le niveau de bruit de fond correspondant. Le résultat est donné sous la forme d'un intervalle de valeurs de la demi-vie au niveau de 95\% de confiance. Cela correspond à une mise en évidence du processus au niveau de confience de quatre écarts standards.

Removal of polynuclear aromatics from diesel fuel has become a focus of intense research due to the stringent environmental legislation associated with clean fuels. In this work, selective ring opening of model compound decalin over the set of catalysts comprising of 1) Ir-Pt supported on mesoporous Zr-MCM-41, large and medium pore zeolites like HY and H-Beta and 2) Ni-Mo/carbide on HY, H-Beta, Al-SBA-15, ¥ã- alumina and silica alumina were studied. All the catalysts were extensively characterized by BET surface area measurement, CO-chemisorption, XRD, FTIR, TPR and TPD of ammonia. Ring opening of decalin was studied on these catalysts in a trickle-bed reactor in a temperature range of 200- 400 ¡ÆC, pressure range of 2-7 MPa and LHSV of 1 to 3 h- 1. 31.7 and 65.0 wt.% of RO yield and selectivity were observed on Ir-Pt/HY catalyst at 220 ¡ÆC, whereas 34.0 and 40.0 wt.% of ring opening yield and selectivity were observed on Ni-Mo carbide/HY catalyst at 240 ¡ÆC. From the model compound studies, Ir-Pt/HY, Ni-Mo carbide/HY and Ni-Mo carbide/H-Beta were selected for study of hydrotreated light gas oil in a trickle bed reactor. Ni-Mo carbide/HY performed better over other catalysts and increased the cetane index of hydrotreated light gas oil by 12 units at 325 ¡ÆC. A first order kinetic model was fitted for the hydrotreated light gas oil study. 89, 111 and 42 KJ/gmol of activation energies was observed for dearomatization, aromatization and naphthenes cracking steps, respectively. The thermodynamic equilibrium calculations reveal that the selectivity of ring opening products of decalin can be maximized by favoring the formation of unsaturated compounds at higher operating temperatures. Energetics of dealkylation and ring opening reactions of naphthenes in gas phase and on the surface of Br©ªnsted acid sites were calculated using quantum chemical simulations. In iv gas phase, ratio of Arrhenius activation energies for forward and reverse reactions of RO and dealkylation reactions are 1.92 and 1.82 respectively. Deakylation on different level clusters revealed that surface reaction is the rate controlling.

Removal of polynuclear aromatics from diesel fuel has become a focus of intense research due to the stringent environmental legislation associated with clean fuels. In this work, selective ring opening of model compound decalin over the set of catalysts comprising of 1) Ir-Pt supported on mesoporous Zr-MCM-41, large and medium pore zeolites like HY and H-Beta and 2) Ni-Mo/carbide on HY, H-Beta, Al-SBA-15, ¥ã- alumina and silica alumina were studied. All the catalysts were extensively characterized by BET surface area measurement, CO-chemisorption, XRD, FTIR, TPR and TPD of ammonia. Ring opening of decalin was studied on these catalysts in a trickle-bed reactor in a temperature range of 200- 400 ¡ÆC, pressure range of 2-7 MPa and LHSV of 1 to 3 h- 1. 31.7 and 65.0 wt.% of RO yield and selectivity were observed on Ir-Pt/HY catalyst at 220 ¡ÆC, whereas 34.0 and 40.0 wt.% of ring opening yield and selectivity were observed on Ni-Mo carbide/HY catalyst at 240 ¡ÆC. From the model compound studies, Ir-Pt/HY, Ni-Mo carbide/HY and Ni-Mo carbide/H-Beta were selected for study of hydrotreated light gas oil in a trickle bed reactor. Ni-Mo carbide/HY performed better over other catalysts and increased the cetane index of hydrotreated light gas oil by 12 units at 325 ¡ÆC. A first order kinetic model was fitted for the hydrotreated light gas oil study. 89, 111 and 42 KJ/gmol of activation energies was observed for dearomatization, aromatization and naphthenes cracking steps, respectively. The thermodynamic equilibrium calculations reveal that the selectivity of ring opening products of decalin can be maximized by favoring the formation of unsaturated compounds at higher operating temperatures. Energetics of dealkylation and ring opening reactions of naphthenes in gas phase and on the surface of Br©ªnsted acid sites were calculated using quantum chemical simulations. In iv gas phase, ratio of Arrhenius activation energies for forward and reverse reactions of RO and dealkylation reactions are 1.92 and 1.82 respectively. Deakylation on different level clusters revealed that surface reaction is the rate controlling.

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Liu Chia-mo (1814-1853), a native of Houguan in Fujian, once served as an educational instructor at Ningde and a school counselor in Taiwan Prefecture during the Daoguang and Hsienfeng reigns of the Ching Dynasty. Owing to a lack of relevant literature and access to his poetry, academics have not come up with any comprehensive study concerning Liu Chia-mo, his works and his social life. Therefore, this research was intended to construct the life story of Liu Chia-mo from the first-hand historical documents including Liu Chia-mo¡¦s works¡X First Draft by Waidingmoa Bridge Recluse, Dungyang Little Grass, Sword Poetry, Wandering Ambition in Crane Pen, Guanhai Chi, Haiyin Shi, Hsieh Chang-ting¡¦s Gambling Chess Villa Collection (Shi, Wen, Tsu, Tsu Words, Notebook), and the recently discovered Gambling Chess Villa Draft, Chang Chi-liang¡¦s Chang Heng-fu Collection, Si-Po-Tzu Hall Poetry, Huang Tsung-yi¡¦s Po-Suo Poetry, and Wei Hsiu-jen¡¦s Hai-Nan-Shan Hall Poetry. This dissertation takes realism in the poetry by Liu Chia-mo as its subject. It will demonstrate his patriotism, concern over the livelihood of civilians and responsibilities and expectations for the world mainly through the textual study of First Draft by Waidingmoa Bridge Recluse, Dungyang Little Grass, Guanhai Chi and Haiyin Shi. The Introduction section consists of a literature review of Liu Chia-mo and the characteristics of his poetry of realism. Chapter One briefly describes Liu Chia-mo¡¦s historical background in the spirit of knowing the person from the world. Chapter Two explores the life of Liu Chia-mo, his publication of poetry and literature, and his literary creativity with aside from his poetry. Chapter Three deals chiefly with First Draft by Waidingmoa Bridge Recluse to study his poetry on the Sino-British Opium War. Chapter Four examines Dungyang Little Grass together with Wandering Ambition in Crane Pen to study the poetry composed during his service as an educational instructor at Ningde. Chapter Five focuses on the discussion of Guanhai Chi and Haiyin Shi, two poetic texts composed by Liu Chia-mo during his service as a school counselor in Taiwan Prefecture that address social issues in the Chinese-dominated Taiwan society during the Daoguang and Hsienfeng reigns as an effort to cure social illness and improve public morality from a perspective of observing customs. An estimated total of 1,100 poems were composed by Liu Chia-mo, whose contents range from the Opium War, Taiwanese social traditions and customs, expressions of praise for matters in painting, landscape description, and family relationships and friendship. Characterized by detailed quotations, occasional dialectal usages and transformation of vulgarity into gracefulness, they are all works that express a love of native land. In its concluding section the paper briefly considers the contents of Liu¡¦s poetry as an effort to deepen the study of Liu Chiao-mo and Taiwanese literature.

The aim of this work is to produce X-ray laser source from a plasma produced by focusing a pulsed laser beam on a solid target. Preformed Molybdenum plasma is created by using Nd:YAG laser pulses with a pulse duration 6 ns and pulse intensity 5.09x1011 W/cm2. Detailed simulations of Ni-like Mo X-ray laser media are undertaken using the EHYBRID code which is a hydrodynamic code. X-ray resonance lines between 25 &Aring / and 40 &Aring / emitted from the molybdenum plasma have been obtained and analysed. EHYBRID code also gives an information about the electron temperature, electron density, efficient ionization degree and plasma expansion distance of the Ni-like Mo X-ray laser media. An experimental set-up to produce preformed Mo plasma for x-ray laser has been designed for a future work.

L'isotope 79Se du sélénium, produit de fission de l'uranium 235, est un radionucléide à vie longue présent notamment dans les déchets nucléaires. Dans le cadre de l'estimation du risque sanitaire et environnemental, les écosystèmes terrestres sont considérés comme des récepteurs possibles de cet élément. Le but de notre étude est de déterminer dans quelle mesure les interactions avec le sélénium et la matière organique du sol et/ou les microorganismes peuvent influer sur les variables qui contrôlent la mobilité et la distribution (solide, liquide, gazeuse) du sélénium dans les sols. Une attention particulière est portée à la dimension temporelle qui demeure un des points faibles des modèles d'évaluation pour les simulations à long terme (plusieurs dizaines-centaines de milliers d'années). <br />La méthodologie développée repose sur le suivi régulier de 3 lots de terre pré-contaminés à de très faibles concentrations de sélénium (2,2.10-9 gSe.g-1sol) et incubés en conditions contrôlées pendant 1,5 an. Une approche multi-paramétrique permet de confronter au cours du temps la mobilité (sorption, désorption, volatilisation) et la distribution sur la phase solide (fractionnement granulo-densimétrique, extractions séquentielles, observations MEB / MET) du sélénium aux propriétés bio-physico-chimiques des lots de terre. L'évolution de l'état organique des lots de terre est clairement observée expérimentalement et modélisée (Roth C). En revanche, cette évolution n'affecte pas significativement la mobilité du sélénium dont la sorption sur la phase solide reste quasi-irréversible (Kd sorption : 20-50 L.kg-1 / Kd désorption : 100-500 L.kg-1). A ce comportement s'ajoutent de nombreux phénomènes transitoires qui peuvent entraîner une remobilisation (i.e. solubilisation et volatilisation) importante de sélénium. Nous mettons ainsi en évidence que (i) l'utilisation d'engrais phosphatés peut conduire à la solubilisation de 30 à 40 % du sélénium sorbé, (ii) la faible volatilisation du sélénium par les microorganismes (~ 0,2 % sur 1,5 an d'incubation) peut être une voie de dispersion non négligeable lorsqu'on considère ce processus sur de très longues échelles de temps et (iii) le transport colloïdal bactérien peut être une source de remobilisation du sélénium qu'il serait nécessaire de mieux caractériser.