O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a terapia por ultrassom influencia o processo de reparação em ratos submetidos à laceração muscular. A amostra foi composta por 61 ratos Wistar, aleatoriamente distribuídos em 9 grupos: controle, 4LMST (lesão muscular / eutanásia no 4º dia pós-operatório), 7LMST (lesão muscular / eutanásia no 7º dia pós-operatório), 4US2 (lesão muscular / 2 minutos de irradiação ultrassonora por dia / eutanásia no 4º dia), 7US2 (lesão muscular / 2 minutos de irradiação ultrassonora por dia / eutanásia no 7º dia), 4US4 (lesão muscular / 4 minutos de irradiação ultrassonora por dia / eutanásia no 4º dia), 7US4 (lesão muscular / 4 minutos de irradiação ultrassonora por dia / eutanásia no 7º dia), 4US6 (lesão muscular / 6 minutos de irradiação ultrassonora por dia / eutanásia no 4º dia) e 7US6 (lesão muscular / 6 minutos de irradiação ultrassonora por dia / eutanásia no 7º dia). Todos os animais dos grupos 4US2, 7US2, 4US4, 7US4, 4US6 e 7US6 foram irradiados com ultrassom terapêutico de frequência igual a 1 MHz, frequência de repetição de pulso de 100 Hz, pulsos com duração de 2 ms (ciclo de trabalho de 20%), irradiância de 0,5 W/cm2. A emissão das ondas ultrassonoras ocorreu de forma pulsada. A taxa de não uniformidade do feixe (BNR) foi menor que 6,0 e a área de radiação efetiva (ERA) foi de 0,5 cm2. A lesão foi realizada por procedimento operatório, de forma a gerar-se uma secção transversal de 1 cm de comprimento e 3 mm de profundidade no músculo gastrocnêmio dos ratos, a partir de 2,5 cm do osso calcâneo. Foram feitas análises de birrefringência e picrosirius. Os animais do grupo 4US4 apresentaram retardo óptico menor que os demais animais sacrificados no 4º dia pós-operatório. Os animais dos grupos 7US4 e 7US6 apresentaram percentual de colágeno total maior que os demais animais lesionados e tratados e o mesmo percentual do apresentado pelo grupo controle. Assim, concluiu-se que a terapia por ultrassom, com tempo de irradiação de 4 e 6 minutos por sessão, aumenta o percentual de colágeno total intramuscular, no local da lesão, quando mantida por, pelo menos 7 dias e diminui o retardo óptico do colágeno situado no local da lesão, no início do processo de reparação tecidual (até o 4º dia pós-operatório), se irradiado por 4 minutos por sessão / The aim of this study was to analyze the ultrasonic therapy effect on repair process in rats under muscular injury. The sample included 61 Wistar rats, randomly distributed in 9 groups: control, 4LMST (muscular injury / euthanasia in 4th postoperative day), 7LMST (muscular injury / euthanasia in 7th postoperative day), 4US2 (muscular injury / 2 minutes ultrasonic therapy per day / euthanasia in 4th day), 7US2 (muscular injury / 2 minutes ultrasonic therapy per day / euthanasia in 7th), 4US4 (muscular injury / 4 minutes ultrasonic therapy per day / euthanasia in 4th day), 7US4 (muscular injury / 4 minutes ultrasonic therapy per day / euthanasia in 7th day), 4US6 (muscular injury / 6 minutes ultrasonic therapy per day / euthanasia in 4th day), 7US6 (muscular injury / 6 minutes ultrasonic therapy per day / euthanasia in 7th day). All animals from the 4US2, 7US2, 4US4, 7US4, 4US6 and 7US6 groups were irradiated with the same 1 MHz ultrasonic therapeutic frequency, 100Hz pulse repetition frequency, 2 ms pulse duration, 0,5 W/cm2 intensity. The ultrasonic waves emission occurred as pulsed. The beam nonuniformity rate (NBR) was less than 6.0 and the effective radiation area (ERA) was 0,5 cm2. The injury was performed through an operative procedure in order to produce a transverse section of 1 cm length and 3 mm deep in rat gastrocnemius muscles, from 2.5 cm of the calcaneus bone. It was realized birefringence and picrosirius analysis. The animals from the group 4US4 showed an optical delay lower than the 4th postoperative euthanasia animals. The animals from the groups 7US4 and 7US6 showed a total collagen percentual higher than the other injured and treated animals and the same percentual of control animals. Therefore, we concluded the ultrasonic therapy, with irradiation times of 4 and 6 minutes per session, increases the total intramuscular collagen, lesion limited, since a 7-day ultrasonic therapy is followed, which is able to diminish collagen optical delay in the lesion, in early tissue repair process (until 4th postoperative day), if irradiated for 4 minutes per session

"Why are you researching us?" ... "Are you a spy?"..."Are you taping right now?" asked children at the ‘Community School,' in those first moments of this qualitative study. This thesis contributes to the growing body of social research in the field of early childhood education, viewing children as capable and competent meaning makers, engaging their input as ‘agentive researchers,’ and reconceptualizing research methodology, play theory, and early childhood teaching practice. Changing contexts of 21st century childhoods, as well as new theories regarding literacy and meaning making, prompted this research involving a reconceptualization of play and its value, within the context of multiliteracies theories and holistic education. This process of reconceptualization was informed by observation (playscapes, places, props, plots, partners and practices) of boys at play considering their meaning-making processes. Through participant observation in a full-day Kindergarten, play episodes were documented (i.e., digital videography, photography, audio recording, field notes, collection of artifacts) and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Three broad themes emerged. First, physical and social aspects of the Classroom Play Environment were found to be influential in creating conditions for play, influencing the quality of engagement and learning. Ample time, space, freedom of movement, and access to plentiful creative materials were important in children’s active play and meaning making processes. Common behavourist classroom management techniques were avoided in favour of social constructivist approaches, which promoted children’s self-regulation with an aim to recognize and foster their sense of agency, and support emergent play-literacy practices (Hill & Nichols, 2006). Second, children’s explanations regarding the source and inspiration of play themes and interests prompted a reconsideration of ‘spontaneity’ as foundational to a Definition of Play. Defining play processes as “multiliteracies”, and play episodes as “text”, play ideas were found to be intertextually linked to multiple texts including picture books, multimedia, and iconic texts. Third, Boys' Play was observed to involve much movement combined with rough and tumble, pretend, construction, and word play, prompting a re-consideration of ‘narrative’ within the context of play and literacy research literature. As well, boys inquired about gendered play objects and identities in complex and personal ways. This digital thesis document utilized a multimodal design, embedding visual and audio text, creating a new multimodal thesis form with an aim toward considering all modes of meaning making as equal, rather than emphasizing or privileging print text (Jewitt & Kress, 2003).

"Why are you researching us?" ... "Are you a spy?"..."Are you taping right now?" asked children at the ‘Community School,' in those first moments of this qualitative study. This thesis contributes to the growing body of social research in the field of early childhood education, viewing children as capable and competent meaning makers, engaging their input as ‘agentive researchers,’ and reconceptualizing research methodology, play theory, and early childhood teaching practice. Changing contexts of 21st century childhoods, as well as new theories regarding literacy and meaning making, prompted this research involving a reconceptualization of play and its value, within the context of multiliteracies theories and holistic education. This process of reconceptualization was informed by observation (playscapes, places, props, plots, partners and practices) of boys at play considering their meaning-making processes. Through participant observation in a full-day Kindergarten, play episodes were documented (i.e., digital videography, photography, audio recording, field notes, collection of artifacts) and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Three broad themes emerged. First, physical and social aspects of the Classroom Play Environment were found to be influential in creating conditions for play, influencing the quality of engagement and learning. Ample time, space, freedom of movement, and access to plentiful creative materials were important in children’s active play and meaning making processes. Common behavourist classroom management techniques were avoided in favour of social constructivist approaches, which promoted children’s self-regulation with an aim to recognize and foster their sense of agency, and support emergent play-literacy practices (Hill & Nichols, 2006). Second, children’s explanations regarding the source and inspiration of play themes and interests prompted a reconsideration of ‘spontaneity’ as foundational to a Definition of Play. Defining play processes as “multiliteracies”, and play episodes as “text”, play ideas were found to be intertextually linked to multiple texts including picture books, multimedia, and iconic texts. Third, Boys' Play was observed to involve much movement combined with rough and tumble, pretend, construction, and word play, prompting a re-consideration of ‘narrative’ within the context of play and literacy research literature. As well, boys inquired about gendered play objects and identities in complex and personal ways. This digital thesis document utilized a multimodal design, embedding visual and audio text, creating a new multimodal thesis form with an aim toward considering all modes of meaning making as equal, rather than emphasizing or privileging print text (Jewitt & Kress, 2003).

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Bakgrund och syfte: Huvudvärk av spänningstyp (HST) är vanligt förekommande. Det finns oklarheter avseende både dess patofysiologi och olika behandlingars effekt. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva och utvärdera effekten av en individuellt anpassad beteendemedicinsk behandling i fysioterapi för patienter med HST. Metod: En single-case studie med A1-A2-B-A3-design av tre patienter med HST genomfördes. Utfallsvariabler var huvudvärksfrekvens (antal dagar med huvudvärk), huvudvärksindex (medelintensitet), konsumtion av smärtlindrande medicin, tro på sin förmåga avseende kontroll av huvudvärken, samt upplevd påverkan av huvudvärken på funktion i vardagsaktiviteter och på glädje i aktiviteter med familj och vänner. Resultat: Tro på sin förmåga avseende kontroll av huvudvärken ökade markant för 2 av 3 patienter. Huvudvärksfrekvens och huvudvärksindex minskade markant för en av patienterna. En av patienterna svarade först inte alls på behandlingen, men blev mycket bättre inför den sista uppföljningen avseende huvudvärksindex och funktion och glädje i aktiviteter. Diskussion och konklusion: Ett beteendemedicinskt förhållningssätt i behandling som grundar sig på funktionell beteendeanalys kan vara ett sätt att som fysioterapeut hantera patienter med HST. HST är en vid diagnosgrupp och det verkar då logiskt att behandlingen bör anpassas individuellt för att få bästa effekt. / Background and aim: Tension-type headache (TTH) is common. There are uncertainties regarding both the pathophysiology and the effect of treatments. The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate the effect of an individually tailored behavioural medicine treatment in physiotherapy, based on a functional behavioural analysis. Method: A single-case study with A1-A2-B-A3-design of three patients with TTH was performed. Outcome variables were headache frequency (days with headache), headache index (mean intensity), consumption of analgesics, headache management self-efficacy (HMSE), disability and feelings of loss of happiness in activities with family and friends. Results: HMSE increased markedly for 2 of 3 patients. Headache frequency and headache index decreased for one of the patients. One of the tree patients did not first respond to treatment but was much better before the last follow-up regarding headache index, disability and loss of happiness. Discussion and conclusion: A behavioural medicine treatment in physiotherapy based on a functional behavioural analysis can be a way for physiotherapists to handle patients with TTH. Since the diagnosis TTH is heterogenic it seems logical that the treatment should be individually tailored.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:32:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Bernadete lima.pdf: 124688 bytes, checksum: 1d46cd2cd1ebc11aa17217abe95ac5ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present article is about the analysis of the Urban, Territorial and Building Tax (IPTU) management, verifying specifically the important administratives-fiscal aspects that make possible the modification in the modality of the Tax enactment. The research made use of the hypothetical-deductive method, being characterized as a case study, allowing a detailed analysis on the management and the enactment process of the Tax (IPTU) in the Municipal district of Florianópolis during the 2004 administration.The presented result is consequence of the research made in bibliography and in the data obtained and accessed regarding the Municipal Tributary Administration. The theoretical referencees permeated the Tributary Administration area of study, specifically in what it refers to the municipal taxation of IPTU (Urban Territorial and Building Tax). Based in this analysis it was possible to list the administrative-fiscal aspects important to the redrawing of the IPTU model enactment. Considering the difficulties that the Municipal district faces to administer the tax, and in order to back (support) the new enactment model through the approval of the tax (IPTU) which was elaborated by occasion of the Tributary Administration Modernization Program (PMAT), this study presents experiences lived in other cities regarding the taxation of the real estate, bringing as a paradigm the enactment of the Rural Territorial Tax (ITR) which is Federal Government responsability. The systematic of the new enactment model shifts the Municipal Tributary Administration duties to the controlling activity of acts practiced by the taxpayers, where the counting and the payment of the tax will be made by the property owner, possessor or detainer of the useful domain of real estates. Important aspects for the definition of the new enactment model of the tax (IPTU) were examined and the proposal comes as viable solution to make improvements in the qualification degree and in the fiscal information updating, making the collecting more dynamic. This present proposal also tries to improve the quality of the Municipal Tributary System. / O presente artigo trata da análise da gestão do Imposto Predial e Territorial Urbano (IPTU), verificando, em particular, os aspectos administrativos-fiscais relevantes e que possibilitem a modificação na modalidade do lançamento do imposto. A pesquisa utilizou-se do método hipotético-dedutivo, caracterizando-se como um estudo de caso, permitindo uma análise detalhada sobre a gestão e o processo de lançamento do IPTU no Município de Florianópolis no exercício de 2004. O resultado apresentado é fruto da pesquisa efetuada em bibliografia e nos dados obtidos e avaliados referente à Administração Tributária Municipal. O referencial teórico permeou a área de estudo da Administração Tributária, especificamente no que se refere à tributação municipal do IPTU. Com base nesta análise foi possível elencar os aspectos administrativos-fiscais relevantes ao redesenho do modelo de lançamento do IPTU. Considerando as dificuldades que o Município enfrenta para administrar o imposto, é apresentado, como sustentação ao modelo de lançamento por homologação do IPTU, elaborado por ocasião do Programa de Modernização da Administração Tributária Municipal (PMAT), experiências em outras localidades sobre a tributação da propriedade imobiliária, trazendo como paradigma o lançamento do Imposto Territorial Rural (ITR), imposto de competência da União. A sistemática do novo modelo de lançamento desloca a Administração Tributária Municipal para a atividade de controle dos atos praticados pelos contribuintes, onde a apuração e o pagamento do imposto serão efetuados pelo proprietário, possuidor ou detentor do domínio útil de bens imóveis. Fatores relevantes para a definição do novo modelo de lançamento do IPTU foram examinados e a proposta apresenta-se como solução viável para avançar no grau de qualificação e atualização das informações fiscais, possibilitando dinamismo na arrecadação, como também, procura melhorar a qualidade do sistema tributário municipal.

Submitted by Timbo Noeme (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2016-08-08T16:07:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sonia Regina Prado.pdf: 2375757 bytes, checksum: 191fbbf6a4a67b77a227aef1ea25fb69 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-08T16:07:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sonia Regina Prado.pdf: 2375757 bytes, checksum: 191fbbf6a4a67b77a227aef1ea25fb69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-03 / This dissertation presents an analysis of a Brazilian Private Higher Education Institution (IES) growth after the establishment of the Lei de Diretrizes e Bases (LDB), from 1996 to 2015, through the bachelor's program in Business Administration, in different modes: traditional classes, distance learning and semi-distance education. In order to do this, it was performed an exploratory research, based on qualitative methods and case studies. The material was colleted from corporate reports (Annual Report, internal reports and other documents), semi-structured interviews with managers of IES and observations. The key findings of this study were that the main strategies chosen by the institution in order to grow in this market were based on mergers and acquisitions of other IES, opening of new distance learning centers, the opening of new educational units as well as innovative ideas in different areas of the organization. Government funding programs to students are also significant contributors to this growth, such as the Fundo de Financiamento ao Estudante do Ensino Superior (FIES) and the Programa Universidade para Todos (Prouni). In this new reality, the specific institution had the most important incentive plan to encourage and facilitate its growth, in an accelerated way. As a result, the conclusion is that the institution employs the following growth strategies: organic expansion with mergers/acquisitions of smaller institutions, which includes development plans for all campuses in Brazil; Greenfield (through the request of new units and/or courses) in cities where there is no potential acquisitions/mergers; and the increase in the number of places/enrollment in the universities, associated to the participation in the public financing programmes. The IES also implemented actions in order to decrease drop-out rates, such as educational insurance; managers prepared to meet student needs; an educational system with national and integrated curriculum; higher education cooperation including exchanges of students and professors all over the country and the standardization of processes. / A dissertação teve como objetivo principal estudar como uma Instituição de Ensino Superior Privada (IES) atuante no Brasil tem crescido pós Lei de Diretrizes e Bases (LDB) de 1996 até 2015, por meio da análise do curso de bacharelado em Administração de Empresas, nas modalidades: presencial, EAD e Flex (semipresencial). Para este fim, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória, de caráter qualitativo baseada no método do estudo de caso. Para coleta de evidências foram analisados relatórios corporativos (Annual Report, Relatórios Internos e outros documentos), entrevistas baseadas em roteiro semiestruturado com gestores da IES privada e observações. Dentre os principais achados, verificou-se que as principais estratégicas de crescimento da IES privada estudada se basearam em fusões e aquisições de outras IES, abertura de novos polos de EAD, na abertura de novas unidades próprias, bem como em inovações em várias dimensões da organização. Os programas governamentais de financiamento aos alunos também são fortes contribuintes para este crescimento, como o Fundo de Financiamento ao Estudante do Ensino Superior (FIES) e o Programa Universidade para Todos (Prouni). Com essa nova realidade, o ensino superior privado recebeu incentivo e facilitação para o seu crescimento, a um ritmo acelerado. Consequentemente pode-se concluir que a IES privada estudada adotou as seguintes estratégias de crescimento: Expansão orgânica com fusões/ aquisições de Instituições menores, com desenvolvimento de planos para todos os campi Brasil; Greenfield (por meio de solicitação de autorização de novas unidades e/ou cursos) em cidades sem possibilidades de aquisições/fusões, e aumentando o número de vagas/ matriculas nas unidades já existentes, aderiu aos programas do governo e também cuidou da evasão por meio de: Seguro educacional; gestão preparada para atender necessidades do discente; Sistema de Ensino com currículos integrados nacionalmente; Intercâmbio de alunos e professores entre as diversas unidades em todas as regiões do país e padronização dos processos.

Bakgrund Ländryggssmärta är mycket vanligt förekommande i västvärlden. Det innebär stort lidande för individen och stora kostnader för samhället. Idag behandlas ryggsmärta med information om att vara aktiv och vid behov rådgivning om smärtstillande läkemedel. Mer kunskap behövs gällande fysisk träning som prevention och behandling av akut- och subakut ländryggssmärta. Syfte Syftet med studien var att, för patienter med akut- och subakut ländryggsmärta, beskriva den fysiska aktivitetsnivån samt eventuella skillnader i smärtintensitet och funktionsnedsättning mellan grupper med olika aktivitetsnivåer. Syftet var även att undersöka samband mellan aktivitetsnivå och smärtintensitet respektive aktivitetsnivå och funktionsnedsättning. Metod Studien var en enkätstudie med tvärsnittsdesign. Deltagarna var 15 patienter, 9 kvinnor och 6 män, medelålder 49,2 år, som sökt vård för akuta eller subakuta ländryggsbesvär till 4 olika primärvårdsenheter. Fysisk aktivitetsnivå skattades via Socialstyrelsens indikatorfrågor för fysisk aktivitet, smärtan med numerisk skattningsskala 0-10 (NRS) och Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) besvarades. Data sammanställdes med deskriptiv statistik, skillnader testades med Mann-Whitney U-test och samband analyserades med Spearmans korrelationskoefficient. Resultat Åtta av 15 deltagare uppnådde Världshälsoorganisationens (WHO) rekommendationer för fysisk aktivitet (> 150 minuter i veckan). De som ägnade sig åt fysisk träning minst 90 minuter per vecka hade medianvärde NRS 5,5 och RMDQ 8, för de som tränade mindre var motsvarande värden NRS 7,5 (p=0,153) och RMDQ 11,5 (p=0,175). Ett svagt negativt samband identifierades mellan NRS (r=-0,316,) och nivå av fysisk aktivitet medans sådant samband mellan RMDQ och fysisk aktivitetsnivå var negligerbart (r=-0,158). Slutsats Det var ingen statistiskt signifikant skillnad mellan grupperna som tränade minst 90 minuter per vecka och de som tränade mindre gällande varken smärtintensitet eller funktionsnedsättning. Ett svagt negativt men ej statistiskt signifikant samband kan ses mellan fysisk aktivitetsnivå och smärtintensitet. / Background Lower back pain is very common in the western world. It results in a great suffering for the person and large economic costs for the society. Today lower back pain is treated with information to stay active and medication for pain relief. There is a lack of knowledge with regards to what effect physical training has as prevention and treatment for acute and subacute lower back pain. Aim The aim of this study was to, among patients with acute and subacute non-specific lower back pain, describe their level of physical activity and evaluate differences between groups with different levels of activity. The aim was also to explore the association between pain intensity, disability and level of physical activity. Method The study was conducted as a survey. The participants was 15 patients, 6 men and 9 women with the mean age of 49,2 years old, who had sought care for acute and subacute lower back pain in 6 different primary care clinics. The level of physical activity were estimated using the indicator questions for physical activity by Socialstyrelsen, the pain intensity was measured with the Numeric Rating Scale and the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire was answered. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, differences were tested with Mann-Whitney U-test and correlations analyzed with Spearman correlations coefficient. Results Eight out of 15 participants reached the WHO recommendations of physical activity (> 150 min/week). Those who participated in physical training minimum 90 mins/week had a median value of NRS 5,5 and RMDQ 8. For those who trained less the median values were for NRS 7,5 (p=0,153) and RMDQ 11,5 (p=0,175). A week correlation between NRS (r=-0,136) and level of physical activity was noted while such correlation between RMDQ was negligible (r=-0,158). Conclusion There were no statically significant difference between the groups who trained at least 90 minutes per week and those who trained less neither in regards to pain intensity or disability. A weak but not statistically significant correlation was observed between physical activity and pain intensity.

Essa pesquisa buscou investigar a elaboração e os usos que as pessoas fazem da Declaração de Nascido Vivo (DNV) na cidade de Porto Alegre/RS. Partindo do referencial que concebe a DNV com uma tecnologia de governo realizamos pesquisa etnográfica acompanhando os percursos das três vias DNV – principalmente em cartórios de registro civil e na Equipe de Eventos Vitais da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde – para tentar conhecer as práticas e significados, os atores envolvidos na elaboração, na utilização pelos representantes da administração pública e que efeitos ela produz no cenário contemporâneo da administração da população e da constituição de subjetividades e cidadanias particulares. A pesquisa em diferentes contextos de circulação do documento permitiu percebermos os diferentes sentidos atribuídos à DNV e as diferentes preocupações que os diferentes atores trazem com ela. Nos órgãos de vigilância em saúde podemos verificar a preocupação com a produção de dados estatísticos e legibilidade da população. Nos cartórios, as preocupações das pessoas que buscam o serviço registral passam pelos documentos que a DNV permite gerar, enquanto que, para os funcionários do registro civil, a preocupação consiste em tentar verificar o vínculo entre mãe e o recém-nascido. A pesquisa etnográfica nesses distintos lugares de circulação da DNV, ao apontar as diferenças de sentido atribuído ao documento, mostrou, também, que a objetividade absoluta que aparentemente revestiria os dados estatísticos e os documentos de identificação envolve inevitavelmente a interação entre diversos artefatos e agentes, carregando, assim, aspectos contingentes e relacionais em sua produção. Emerge, dessa forma, uma máquina burocrática do Estado que não pode ser tomada de forma tão mecânica quanto seus idealizadores gostariam. / In this volume, we investigate the elaboration and the uses of the present Brazilian document issued when a child is born alive (known as the declaração de nascido vivo - DNV) through an ethnographic study of different bureaucratic instances in the city of Porto Alegre/RS. Working on the hypothesis that the DNV is a sort of government technology, we tracked the three leaflets of the DNV– with special emphasis on the office of civil registration and on the Team of Vital Events at the Municipal Secretary of Health – to discover the practices and meanings attributed to this document by the actors involved in its elaboration. We examined the attitudes of public administrators as well as those of common citizens who are registering their children. The research in different contexts of circulation of the documentation allowed us to discern the different meanings assigned to the DNV and the different preoccupations that the various actors bring with it. In the offices of health surveillance we observed a particular concern with the production of statistical data capable of producing a ―readable‖ population; the preoccupation of the family members who seek to register a newborn child centers on legal issues concerned with documenting a child‘s identity, whereas the employees at the office of civil registry are concerned with verifying the biological connection between the declared mother, the declared father and the newborn. From our ethnographic research in these distinct administrative sectors of the DNV, notwithstanding the difference of meanings attributed to the document, there emerged the hypothesis that the ―objectivity‖ that supposedly accompanies the production of statistical data and similar identity documents inevitably involves the interaction between innumerous artifacts and agents, necessarily implying contingent and relational elements in this state technology. Altogether, our study depicts an image of state bureaucracy that adds considerable nuance to the idealized picture often projected by government planners.

Les concepts d'action et de ressource sont omniprésents en informatique. La caractéristique principale d'une action est de changer l'état actuel du système modélisé. Une action peut ainsi être l'exécution d'une instruction dans un programme, l'apprentissage d'un fait nouveau, l'acte concret d'un agent autonome, l'énoncé d'un mot ou encore une tâche planifiée. La caractéristique principale d'une ressource est de pouvoir être divisée, par exemple pour être partagée. Il peut s'agir des cases de la mémoire d'un ordinateur, d'un ensemble d'agents, des différent sens d'une expression, d'intervalles de temps ou de droits d'accès. Actions et ressources correspondent souvent aux dimensions temporelles et spatiales du système modélisé. C'est le cas par exemple de l'exécution d'une instruction sur une case de la mémoire ou d'un groupe d'agents qui coopèrent. Dans ces cas, il est possible de modéliser les actions parallèles comme étant des actions opérant sur des parties disjointes des ressources disponibles. Les logiques modales permettent de modéliser les concepts d'action et de ressource. La sémantique relationnelle d'une modalité unaire est une relation binaire permettant d'accéder à un nouvel état depuis l'état courant. Ainsi une modalité unaire correspond à une action. De même, la sémantique d'une modalité binaire est une relation ternaire permettant d'accéder à deux états. En considérant ces deux états comme des sous-états de l'état courant, une modalité binaire modélise la séparation de ressources. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions des logiques modales utilisées pour raisonner sur les actions, les ressources et la concurrence. Précisément, nous analysons la décidabilité et la complexité du problème de satisfaisabilité de ces logiques. Ces problèmes consistent à savoir si une formule donnée peut être vraie. Pour obtenir ces résultats de décidabilité et de complexité, nous proposons des procédures de décision. Ainsi, nous étudions les logiques modales avec des modalités binaires, utilisées notamment pour raisonner sur les ressources. Nous nous intéressons particulièrement à l'associativité. Alors qu'il est généralement souhaitable que la modalité binaire soit associative, puisque la séparation de ressources l'est, cette propriété rend la plupart des logiques indécidables. Nous proposons de contraindre la valuation des variables propositionnelles afin d'obtenir des logiques décidables ayant une modalité binaire associative. Mais la majeure partie de cette thèse est consacrée à des variantes de la logique dynamique propositionnelle (PDL). Cette logiques possède une infinité de modalités unaires structurée par des opérateurs comme la composition séquentielle, l'itération et le choix non déterministe. Nous étudions tout d'abord des variantes de PDL comparables aux logiques temporelle avec branchement. Nous montrons que les problèmes de satisfaisabilité de ces variantes ont la même complexité que ceux des logiques temporelles correspondantes. Nous étudions ensuite en détails des variantes de PDL ayant un opérateur de composition parallèle de programmes inspiré des logiques de ressources. Cet opérateur permet d'exprimer la séparation de ressources et une notion intéressante d'actions parallèle est obtenue par la combinaison des notions d'actions et de séparation. En particulier, il est possible de décrire dans ces logiques des situations de coopération dans lesquelles une action ne peut être exécutée que simultanément avec une autre. Enfin, la contribution principale de cette thèse est de montrer que, dans certains cas intéressants en pratique, le problème de satisfaisabilité de ces logiques a la même complexité que PDL. / The concepts of action and resource are ubiquitous in computer science. The main characteristic of an action is to change the current state of the modeled system. An action may be the execution of an instruction in a program, the learning of a new fact, a concrete act of an autonomous agent, a spoken word or a planned task. The main characteristic of resources is to be divisible, for instance in order to be shared. Resources may be memory cells in a computer, performing agents, different meanings of a phrase, time intervals or access rights. Together, actions and resources often constitute the temporal and spatial dimensions of a modeled system. Consider for instance the instructions of a computer executed at memory cells or a set of cooperating agents. We observe that in these cases, an interesting modeling of concurrency arises from the combination of actions and resources: concurrent actions are actions performed simultaneously on disjoint parts of the available resources. Modal logics have been successful in modeling both concepts of actions and resources. The relational semantics of a unary modality is a binary relation which allows to access another state from the current state. Hence, unary modalities are convenient to model actions. Similarly, the relational semantics of a binary modality is a ternary relation which allows to access two states from the current state. By interpreting these two states as substates of the current state, binary modalities allow to divide states. Hence, binary modalities are convenient to model resources. In this thesis, we study modal logics used to reason about actions, resources and concurrency. Specifically, we analyze the decidability and complexity of the satisfiability problem of these logics. These problems consist in deciding whether a given formula can be true in any model. We provide decision procedures to prove the decidability and state the complexity of these problems. Namely, we study modal logics with a binary modality used to reason about resources. We are particularly interested in the associativity property of the binary modality. This property is desirable since the separation of resources is usually associative too. But the associativity of a binary modality generally makes the logic undecidable. We propose in this thesis to constrain the valuation of propositional variables to make modal logics with an associative binary modality decidable. The main part of the thesis is devoted to the study of variants of the Propositional Dynamic Logic (PDL). These logics features an infinite set of unary modalities representing actions, structured by some operators like sequential composition, iteration and non-deterministic choice. We first study branching time variants of PDL and prove that the satisfiability problems of these logics have the same complexity as the corresponding branching-time temporal logics. Then we thoroughly study extensions of PDL with an operator for parallel composition of actions called separating parallel composition and based on the semantics of binary modalities. This operator allows to reason about resources, in addition to actions. Moreover, the combination of actions and resources provides a convenient expression of concurrency. In particular, these logics can express situations of cooperation where some actions can be executed only in parallel with some other actions. Finally, our main contribution is to prove that the complexity of the satisfiability problem of a practically useful variant of PDL with separating parallel composition is the same as the satisfiability problem of plain PDL.