Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carlos_final.pdf: 902093 bytes, checksum: 8badf1beb2ec7eca8dece016b6851afb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-04-29 / The present study had as main objective, to examine the possibility of the use of the reversal of the burden of proof, applied to the Brazilian Criminal Process. The reversal of the burden of proof, rule destined mainly to aid the judge in his decision has been frequently used in the field of the consumer s right, authorized in the Brazilian Consumer Code. It allows that, as long as specific fundamentals are present, that the Judge can decide favorably to the weakest part in case that there is a doubt regarding the demonstration of the facts by the parts involved, not using the normal rule of distribution of the burden of proof, but the inversion of such distribution. As it is a rule of exception, it has to be clearly expressed. The questioning that is done is that considering the present characteristics of modern criminality, and the tendency to make some of the basic institutions and rules of the criminal law process more flexible, and in order to try to answer to the organized crime, that such instrument would be able to be used in this kind of legal process. The goal will be to provide the judge with a new rule to distribute the burden of proof, different of the usual in dubio pro reo. It comes as a fact that the modern criminality requires changes in the field of the criminal process. There are new theories worldwide in criminal law and its practical use, pointing to changes, some of them very extreme. It became necessary a detail exam of the truth, of the proof itself, of the criminal proof, of the burden of proof and of its inversion. With all these analyzed, it was realized that it will not be possible, considering the present Brazilian constitutional structure, to use the inversion of the burden of proof in the criminal process. To circumvent this, two legislative proposals were then formulated, one in the constitutional arena, and another in the area of the Brazilian Criminal Code. The first one to permit the reversion of the burden of proof in the practical determination of a criminal offense, after been established the certainty that the accused is part of a criminal organization. The second proposal, allowing the utilization of the reversal of the burden of proof considering the civil effects of the criminal sentence, with emphasis in the loss of property supposedly acquired with the product of a crime and which it was not proved that the acquisition was performed with unlawful proceeds. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal examinar a possibilidade do uso da inversão do ônus da prova no Processo Penal Brasileiro. A inversão do ônus da prova, regra destinada principalmente ao julgador no iter da decisão, vem sendo utilizada com freqüência na área das relações de consumo, autorizada pelo Código Brasileiro de Defesa do Cosumidor. Permite que, presentes requisitos específicos, o Juiz possa decidir favoravelmente ao hipossuficiente, caso esteja em dúvida com relação à demonstração dos fatos pelas partes, não aplicando a regra normal de distribuição do ônus da produção de provas, invertendo tal distribuição. Como é regra de exceção, precisa ser expressa. O questionamento que se faz é se, à vista da moderna criminalidade, e de uma tendência de flexibilização de alguns dos institutos basilares do direito penal e processual penal, para tentar responder ao crime organizado, tal instrumento poderia ser usado nesse ramo do Direito. A finalidade seria a de permitir ao juiz do processo uma nova regra de distribuição do ônus da prova, diversa do in dubio pro reo. Partiu-se da constatação que a criminalidade moderna está a exigir alterações no campo da persecução penal. Há novas teorias penais e uso prático das mesmas, apontando para mudanças, algumas extremadas. Passou-se ao exame específico da verdade e da prova, da prova penal, do ônus da prova e de sua inversão. Dominados esses institutos, apontou-se que não seria possível, dentro da atual estrutura constitucional brasileira, o uso da inversão do ônus da prova no campo penal. Para sua implementação, duas propostas legislativas foram então formuladas, uma no campo constitucional e outra na esfera do Código Penal Brasileiro. A primeira, para permitir uma inversão do ônus da prova na aferição da prática delitiva, após ter sido constatada a certeza de que o acusado é partícipe de organização criminosa. A segunda, permitindo a utilização da inversão do ônus da prova na esfera de efeitos civis da sentença penal, mormente no perdimento de bens presumivelmente adquiridos com o produto do delito e sobre os quais não fora feita prova de aquisição com aportes lícitos.

La dynamique d’intégration économique dans la sous-région CEMAC s’est fondée sur le principe de la libre circulation des personnes, des biens et des capitaux. Aidée par l’ouverture des frontières, les personnes se déplacent d’un pays à l’autre, pour des raisons aussi bien économiques que sécuritaires, conséquence de l’instabilité politique récurrente dans certains pays comme le Tchad, la Centrafrique et le Congo. Le problème majeur qui se pose sur le plan pénal est celui de la prévention et de la répression de la délinquance domestique et transfrontalière tant il reste classique que pour le secondpoint, le droit pénal reste d’application territoriale. Aujourd'hui, il devient nécessaire d’éviter que l’intégration sous régionale ne se mue en une véritable tranchée de refuge, une sorte de paradis pénal pour les délinquants qui ont commis des actes répréhensibles dans un autre Etat de la zone ou dans un Etat hors zone CEMAC ; bien que sur le plan national, d’énormes difficultés demeurent latentes. Au plan national, les Etats s’efforcent à renforcer leurs instruments pénaux à l'instar du Cameroun (CPP, 2005), de la Centrafrique (CP et CPP, 6 janvier 2010) et du Tchad (Prajust, 2008). Sur le plan communautaire, les Etats de la CEMAC ont mis l’accent sur la coopération policière et surtout judiciaire, nécessaire pourjuguler toute transgression causée par des « parasites et microbes sociaux ». Certes, le législateur communautaire ne peutque capitaliser à certains égards, les acquis de son homologue de l’OHADA et de s’ouvrir davantage à l’expérience del’Union européenne. / The dynamics of economic integration in CEMAC’s region is based on free movement of people, goods and capital. Helped by the opening of the borders, people are free to move from one country to another for economic and security reasons. This is the consequence of instability in many countries such as Central African Republic, Chad and Congo. The major problem is that, how to manage delinquency specially the prevention or the repression of the national and the cross border criminality? In fact, it is nowadays advisable not to allow the countries which are welcoming foreigners to behave as a paradise in such a way that, those who have troubled the national order should not be punished. Even though at the national level there are still some misunderstandings concerning the criminal law. At the national level and particularly as far as Cameroon is concerned, the main aim which is to fight against criminality has many problems, especially modernity way through which our court is passing. According to the Cameroon (new Code of criminal procedure of july 2005), CAR (two new codes, penal and criminal procedure, 2010) and Chad (Prajust, 2008) . As far as community is concerned, CEMAC has really specialize, in police cooperation, which is necessary to over pass all the transgression, which are caused by social nuisants. Actually, the legislator can capitalize the expertise of OHADA’s book, and open himself to European Union experience