La forêt franc-comtoise, en particulier la forêt bisontine, a lourdement souffert de son exploitation au cours des XVIIIème et XIXème siècles, entrainant une pénurie de bois sur le territoire bisontin. Dans de nombreuses sources historiographiques et travaux de recherche, les raisons de cette pénurie apparaissent comme étant complexes et multiples. La découverte de près d'un millier de plateformes de charbonnage en forêt de Chailluz a induit toute une série de questionnements concernant la fonction de cette forêt et le rôle du charbonnage dans la pénurie de bois bisontine. Les prémices d’une étude archivistique ont permis d’identifier et de caractériser les grands consommateurs du bois du territoire bisontin durant les XVIIIème et XIXème siècles autres que l’activité charbonnière, puisque très rarement citée dans les textes. L’étude archéométrique des plateformes de la forêt de Chailluz a permis de caractériser le charbonnage de la fin de l’époque moderne, fournissant alors l’image des peuplements forestiers du XVIIIème siècle ainsi que l’impact de cette pratique sur cette forêt. / The Franche-Comté forest, in particular the forest of Besançon, suffered heavily from its exploitation during the 18th and 19th centuries, causing a wood shortage in the territory. In many historiographical sources and research, the reasons of this shortage appear to be complex and manifold. The discovery of nearly a thousand charcoal platforms in the Chailluz forest has led to a series of questions concerning the function of this forest and the role of charcoal production in the wood shortage. The first fruits of an archival study made it possible to identify and characterize the major consumers of wood in the territory of Besançon during the 18th and 19th centuries other than the charcoal production, because rarely mentioned in the literature. The archaeometric study of the Chailluz charcoal platforms made it possible to characterize the charcoal production at the end of the modern age, providing the image of the 18th century forest stands and the impact of this practice on Chailluz.

This thesis investigates the reclamation of mires (fens and bogs) in Sweden with a focus on the early modern period. Today, the mires are valued natural habitats and their cultivation is controversial. International research describes wetland reclamation and the related knowledge transfer between European countries already from the 12th century. In Sweden, despite some early records of reclamation of mires in the 17th century, has earlier research focused on reclamation during the 19th and 20th centuries. The aim of the thesis is to study the landscape, actors and driving forces behind the early reclamation (before 1800). Understanding the early reclamation can provide a new perspective on current views on wetlands. It is also an interesting example of how the landscape is changed constantly by people with different goals through history. The subject is studied through a multimethod approach using sources such as historical maps, diaries, 17th- and 18th-century literature and place names. The main conclusions of the study are that reclamation of mires is seen already in 17th-century maps, with local wider distribution during the 18th century. The crown and scientists expressed a growing interest in reclamation of the mires from the early 18th century. Links to Europe, in particular Holland, can be seen within this discourse. In both literature and the experimentation that took place, the Swedish migrant group, the Dalecarlians, played a key role. They shared with the early Dutch groups the practical knowledge needed in major reclamation projects. Furthermore, this study shows that a number of actors assumed at various times the role of mobile innovation spreaders. Dutch farmers and experts, labour migrants, landlords and scientists all acted to spread knowledge of mire reclamation. Ample resources, networking and geographical mobility appear to have been prerequisites for all actors, from peasants to landlords, but they had different underlying motives for the practice.

This dissertation is a quantitative study of the spatial business strategies of 130 late medieval and 16th-century European commercial and banking firms, the business networks of which have been put together for a structural analysis of the European city network between ca. 1300 and ca. 1600. Concretely this investigation has been carried out through the application of an interlocking network model – specifically developed for the study of the present-day global city network produced by the office networks of business service firms – to this historical case study, in order to challenge predominantly hierarchical conceptualisations of city networks which are often influenced by central place theory. After a methodological section, in which solutions are designed for reconciling the geographical model with the particularities of historical research, a first part of the analysis focuses on agency within the network, identifying and reconstructing the multiple spatial strategies used by the different agents. In a second part the overall structure and dynamics in the network are investigated, revealing the operation of Christaller's traffic principle, as well as a cyclical variation in emphasis on continental and maritime nodes within the European city network. More generally, this study demonstrates that the functioning of dynamic transnational networks based upon complementarity and cooperation rather than competition is not limited to our contemporary globalised world, but can also be found in particular historical societies.

No description available.

Gianlorenzo Bernini's Altieri Chapel possesses an aesthetic splendour that continues to captivate modern viewers. However, despite the recent publication of Shelly Karen Perlove and Giovanni Careri's studies on this subject, its unique manner of signification continues to be elusive. In the former case, the author's dependence on a melange of seventeenth-century religious notions reduces Bernini's choice of imagery to mere theological illustration. On the other hand, Careri affirms the originality of the chapel, but his over reliance on a heuristic comparison with film montage limits his appreciation of the viewer's role in this aesthetically charged space. / The present study strikes a balance between its own contemporary subjectivity and Bernini's historicity, locating the chapel's meaning making capacity in a hermeneutic oscillation between both its constituent elements and the participatory beholder. The result is the recognition of a unique artistic statement, which avers the fundamental commonality between several post-Tridentine liturgical practices. The salvific efficacy of these tenets is asserted by an aesthetic signification of the divine presence which lies behind them. The spectator is drawn into a mimetic world, suffused with Baroque Catholic ideology, and shown that Church doctrine is backlit with the radiance of ultimate truth. Of course, seventeenth-century viewing practices cannot be recreated, just as the feeling engendered by this artistic experience is beyond the descriptive powers of this or any other text. Nevertheless, it is possible to provide a guide to the spiritual references in Bernini's microcosm, for, while secular, modern viewers may no longer see with Baroque eyes, perhaps they can appreciate what those eyes saw.

This thesis examines Spanish representations of Muslim and Jewish cultures in Morocco during the colonial campaigns in the Rif (1909-1927) in relation to constructions of Spanish identity during this period. It focuses on visual and textual narratives in the press (colonial photojournalism) and on three literary texts: Carmen de Burgos' En la guerra (1909), Ernesto Giménez Caballero's Notas marruecas de un soldado (1923) and Arturo Barea's La ruta (1943). The analysis undertaken centres on the use of the motifs of the body and the city and references to the medieval Castilian ballad tradition, the Romancero, by writers and photographers to explore the cultural relationship between Spain and North Africa. The chapters explore the delineation of boundaries between Spanish and Moroccan cultures by contemporary commentators and the power structures that underpin those boundaries, considering the different hierarchies that are established in Spain's relationship with Moroccan Muslims and Jews. Chapter 1 concerns the socio-historical context of the colonial campaigns and highlights the significance of the question of Spain's identity in relation to Morocco during this period. Chapter 2 compares representations of cultural and ethnic affinity between Spain and Morocco, arguing that beyond merely serving as a tool of colonial domination, they are harnessed in some cases to support the colonial venture, in others to challenge it, and yet in others to explore the pre-modern origins of the Spanish nation. In many of the examples examined, a process of self-Orientalisation is observed, where the 'Orientalist' and colonialist gaze is turned back on Spain as well as on Morocco. Chapter 3 examines representations of Muslim and Jewish alterity, arguing that these assertions of difference reveal Spanish anxieties about non-difference from North Africa, cultural regression, national fragmentation, and Spain's ability to dominate the protectorate. I conclude that these anxieties provide the fundamental underpinning to Spanish constructions of Morocco during the Rif War, and that this self-awareness about non-difference and failures of domination unsettles the predominant paradigm of discourse analysis within colonial studies.

Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-12-12T17:25:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Moreno Laborda Pacheco.pdf: 5315895 bytes, checksum: b5c532db795c6925548f3e9997639c3b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela (anapoli@ufba.br) on 2013-12-12T18:14:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Moreno Laborda Pacheco.pdf: 5315895 bytes, checksum: b5c532db795c6925548f3e9997639c3b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-12T18:14:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Moreno Laborda Pacheco.pdf: 5315895 bytes, checksum: b5c532db795c6925548f3e9997639c3b (MD5) / O século XVII português assistiu ao florescimento de uma escrita conventual feminina concentrada majoritariamente na epistolografia, na lírica e na elaboração de registros de cariz biográfico sobre religiosas crescidas em virtude — as vidas. Mas não só. Esta tese se dedica a estudar outra fração dessa produção, mais intimamente ligada a registros memorialísticos de tipo institucional. Obras que, na ausência de um gênero ou de uma categoria taxonômica que as definam, são aqui designadas pelo termo genérico "livros de fundação". No centro da análise desenvolvida estão o Tratado da antiga e curiosa fundação do Convento de Jesus de Setúbal (redigido entre 1630 e 1644) e a Notícia da fundação do Convento da Madre de Deus das religiosas descalças de Lisboa (1639-1652). Amparando-se em obras coevas e de perfil semelhante, esta investigação lança luz sobre alguns dos modelos que influenciaram suas autoras, mas sem descurar dos diálogos que elas estabelecem com outras modalidades de escrita conventual feminina — incluídas aí aquelas de tipo administrativo, ligadas à governança dessas instituições. Por fim, o destino dessas obras também serve para perceber os múltiplos agenciamentos que interferiam no caminho das religiosas modernas até o prelo, assim como iluminar de que maneira as zonas de interação entre as culturas do impresso e do manuscrito ofereciam um caminho para evitá-los. The 17th century in Portugal saw the burgeoning of a feminine conventual writing, which focused mainly on epistolography, on lyric poems and on biographical registries of virtuous religious women – called vidas. But that was not all of it. The present work addresses another fragment of this production, closely related to institutional memorialistic registration. In the absence of a genre or a taxonomic category that defines those pieces, they are here designated by the generical expression "livros de fundação". In the core of the present analysis are two of such works: Tratado da antiga e curiosa fundação do Convento de Jesus de Setúbal (1630-1644) and Notícia da fundação do Convento da Madre de Deus das religiosas descalças de Lisboa (1639-1652). With the support of contemporaneous pieces and other works with similar structure, this investigation sheds a light on some of the models that inspired their authors, without neglecting the dialogue they have established with other modalities of feminine conventual writing — including the administrative registries, related to the governance of such institutions. Finally, the trajectories of those pieces help us perceive the multiple interferences in the path of the modern religious women's work to the press. It also illuminates the means in which the interaction between the printing culture and the manuscript culture offered ways to avoid those interferences.

This diploma thesis presents an overview of the archaeology of military camps and field fortifications from modern period (1498-1815) in the region of South Bohemia. It summarizes and evaluates the present South Bohemian research in the context of modern Euro-Atlantic conflict archaeology as well as the research conducted in Czech Republic. The recherché deals with published Czech and foreign research. An integral part of thesis is the description of the modern period war events concerning South Bohemia with overlap to bordering regions of Germany and Austria. The core of the study contains several case studies, where author presents various types of sites with temporary military constructions using different methodological approaches suitable for individual types. These include the siege of České Budějovice town during the Bohemian Revolt in the years 1618-1619 investigated by the analysis of the iconographic source, localisation and excavation of remains interpreted as one-off field fortification in Lhenice region, or the identification and interpretation of the field camp based on cartographic sources. These chapters presenting also results of field survey, are accompanied by further topics such as the role of castles in modern period conflicts or issue of borderline fortifications and camps.

The Master Thesis World of Women of the Town of Český Krumlov in 1500-1650 is based on the studies of the book of testaments, separately filed last wills and probate Inventories and the book of wedding contracts stored in the State District Archives of Český Krumlov. As another source, two types of prescriptive literature were used, namely the moralistic literature dealing with the roles of women, and the books of good deaths. Gradually the attention was paid to the transformation of sources, to women in the norms of the Early New Age, marriages and matrimony, structures of families, family relations and the social enviroments of women. The Thesis is also aimed at the piety of women, perception of death and the material culture of the women´s households.

The Master Thesis World of the Burgesses of Rokycany in the Light of Their Testaments in 16th - 18th Century is based on the studies of two books of last wills and testaments stored in the State District Archives in Rokycany. The base of sources is further enlarged by the prescriptive literature of that time, i.e. books of good deaths, the book of the St. Mary's Fraternity and church registers. Attention was gradually paid to the transformation of the testamentary practice in Rokycany, to the representation of piety in the testaments and to the perception of death. Moreover the author of the work has aimed her attention to the evidence of the structure of families in the Early New Age, of the social environments of the testator and material culture of the burgesses' households seen from the testaments. A component part of the thesis is a picture annex.