Orientador: Leandro Karnal / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T03:44:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cappi_OliviaBarretodeOliveira_M.pdf: 1280776 bytes, checksum: f5fdc26e5ef8f1f3b5bf544ceeda59c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Os santos são figuras presentes no universo católico com funções muito específicas: são personagens de religiosidade exemplar, que devem servir de norte para as práticas religiosas dos fiéis e trabalhar como intercessores entre eles e Deus. Eles estão presentes desde os primórdios da Igreja, já no século IV, e sobrevivem a todas as mudanças dogmáticas, doutrinais e teológicas configuradas pela instituição. No entanto, a permanência do santo não subentende a permanência dos discursos de santidade: este é orgânico e adapta-se às necessidades das comunidades em que estavam presentes, assim como aos momentos distintos vividos pela instituição. Suas histórias, constituídas pelos discursos de santidade, são relatadas em textos que são configurativos de um gênero literário próprio, chamado hagiografia. No monumento hagiográfico, a trajetória de vida sagrada de um personagem considerado exemplo de virtude é narrada com três objetivos principais: servir de distração e diversão para os fiéis, como guias de vida católica virtuosa e como textos definidores da moral que deveria permear a piedade e as práticas sociais de uma comunidade em dado período - ou seja, servir de instrumento de manutenção de uma dada ordem social. A hagiografia de Rosa de Santa Maria, primeira santa a ser canonizada na América no século XVII, atendia a esses objetivos, e ia além: o modelo de santidade ao qual ela pertencia seria utilizado como instrumento de conversão e manutenção da religiosidade católica que estava sendo transplantada para as novas colônias espanholas. A figura de Rosa, posteriormente, seria utilizada como baluarte do movimento identitário criollista e se tornaria um guia de espiritualidade para as Américas. O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar com profundidade a obra hagiográfica de Rosa, escrita pelo dominicano Leonard Hansen na década de 1660 para o processo de canonização da santa americana, nascida em Lima, no vice-reino do Peru. Busca-se compreender quais são os discursos de santidade presentes na construção da personagem santificada, assim como os modelos de espiritualidade que ela representa e o pioneirismo do texto como fundador de um novo modelo de piedade específico para a realidade americana dos séculos XVI-XVII. Nossa conclusão final é que a narrativa da vida da santa limenha apresenta todas as características da hagiografia europeia medieval e os elementos simbólicos definidores da figura santoral representativa do modelo tridentino. Portanto, apesar de sua personagem ter sido incorporada como bandeira de movimentos identitários criollistas e como fundadora de uma espiritualidade americana, não há pistas em sua hagiografia que apontem para a conformação de um novo modelo hagiográfico que respondesse às necessidades do novo território / Abstract: The saints are characters present in the catholic realm with very specific duties: they are characters of exemplary religiosity that ought to be considered as guides for religious practices and serve as mediators between the Christians and God. They have been present from the consolidation of the Catholic Church, in the 4th century, and have outlived every single change in the dogmas, doctrines and theology that the institution has faced. However, the permanence of the saintly figure does not imply the permanence of the discourses of sanctity: these are organic and adaptative to the necessities of the communities in which they dwell, as well as to the distinctive moments lived by the institution. Their life stories, constituted by the discourses of sanctity, are told in texts that are configurative of a literary genre on its own, called hagiography. At the hagiographical monument, the sacred life trajectory of a character who is regarded as an example of virtue is narrated for three main purposes: serve as entertainment for the Christians, as a handbook of righteous catholic life and as texts that define the moral that should permeate pity and the social practices of a community within a period - that is to say, serve as an instrument for the maintenance of social order. The hagiography of Rosa de Santa Maria, the first saint to be canonized in America in the 17th century, fulfilled those purposes. It even went beyond: the model of sanctity to which she belonged was to be used as an instrument of conversion and maintenance of the catholic religiosity that was being transplanted to the new Spanish colonies. The figure of Rosa was latter going to be used as the bastion of the identitary criollista movement and would become a spiritual guide for the Americas. The objective of this dissertation is to analyze in depth the hagiographic monument written about Rosa by the Dominican Leonard Hansen in the 1660s for the process of canonization of the saint that was born in Lima, the capital of the viceroyalty of Peru. It was sought to understand which were the discourses of sanctity that were present in the construction of the saintly character, as well as the models of spirituality that she represented and the forwardness of the text as the founder of a new model of pity that was specific for the American reality in the 16th and 17th centuries. The final conclusion was that the narrative of the saint?s life bears all the characteristics of the European medieval hagiographies and the symbolic elements which defined the sanctoral figures of the Tridentine period. Therefore, although the character was incorporated as the bastion of criollista movement and as the founder of a specific American spirituality, there are no signs in her hagiography that point towards the conformation of a new hagiographical model which responded to the necessities of the new territory / Mestrado / Historia Cultural / Mestre em História

La compréhension des processus conduisant à la construction d’une ville nécessite une approche pluridisciplinaire, dont les prismes utilisés ici sont l’archéologie, l’histoire, les mathématiques, la géographie et la géomatique. Les sources doivent être multiples, archéologiques, écrites, fiscales, iconographiques, planimétriques et les échelles variées, de la maison au territoire. La ville de Saint-Antonin-Noble-Val, deuxième agglomération du Rouergue au bas Moyen Âge, dont le développement est étroitement lié à la gestion du réseau hydrographique, constitue l’espace-laboratoire de cette recherche. Ce bourg monastique représente un véritable creuset pour la mise en place d’une nouvelle méthodologie élaborée pour étudier le phénomène urbain médiéval. Les sources fiscales médiévales et modernes, traditionnellement utilisées pour l’étude des paysages, sont modélisées sous forme de graphes d’adjacence des parcelles afin de percevoir les dynamiques de l’espace urbain sur le temps long. La comparaison des parcellaires entre le bas Moyen Âge et le XIXe siècle, rendue possible par l’utilisation de la théorie des graphes et le croisement avec les données archéologiques, permet d’approcher les modalités d’aménagement d’un territoire urbain. / Understanding the process leading to the construction of a city requires a multidisciplinary approach. Herein are included disciplines such as archeology, history, mathematics, geography and geomatic. The sources should be diverse (archaeological, written, tax, iconographic, planimetric) and the scales varied, from the house to the territory. The city of Saint-Antonin-Noble-Val, whose development was closely related to the hydrographic network management, was the second largest city of Rouergue in the Late Middle Ages; it constitutes this research lab-area. With the example of this monastic town, a new methodology developed to study medieval urban phenomenon is provided. In order to perceive the dynamics of urban space over time, both medieval and modern tax sources, traditionally used for landscape study, are modeled as adjacency graphs of the plots. The comparison between the cadastral allotment of the Late Middle Ages and the XIXth century is achieved using the graph theory and its intersections with available archaeological data; it allows to approach the arrangement modalities of an urban area.

Les fouilles archéologiques portant sur la période des XIe – XVIe siècles menées en Provence livrent de très nombreux accessoires métalliques du costume et de la parure de corps. Ce sont des éléments de fixation prenant la forme d’épingles, d’agrafes, de boutons, des constituants de la ceinture – boucle, chape, mordant, appliques –, mais aussi des ornements que l’on ajoute à celle-ci ou à même les étoffes, tels les grelots, ou bien encore des parures de corps – bracelets, bagues et colliers –, des objets de dévotion personnelle comme les enseignes de pèlerinage. L’étude archéologique et typo-chronologique de ces objets a permis d’organiser le mobilier et conduit dans de nombreux cas à l’obtention de datations typologiques. Elle a également rendu possible la caractérisation d’évolutions dans l’ornementation des accessoires métalliques, dans la manière de fixer les pièces vestimentaires ou d’orner le corps. Les accessoires métalliques du costume présentent des variations morphologiques, de décoration, de fonctionnalité, de matériau ou de techniques de fabrication caractéristiques d’évolutions dans les usages, de phénomènes de mode, de la construction du paraître, d’une hiérarchie de l’apparence. Il est donc nécessaire d’aller au-delà de la seule analyse archéologique et de faire appel aux sources textuelles et à l’iconographie pour approfondir ces aspects et ouvrir sur la valeur économique ou symbolique de ces objets. La production de ces objets métalliques requiert des compétences techniques plus ou moins profondes que des analyses de composition par la méthode PIXE, sur une sélection d’artefacts, mettent en perspective. / Archaeological excavations conducted in Provence and concerning the period of the XIth - XVIth centuries deliver very numerous metallic accessories of costume and adornment of the body. These are (1) fastening elements in the form of pins, staples, buttons, (2) constituents of the belt : buckle, chape, belt ends, mounts, (3) ornaments added on the belt or directly onto the fabrics, such as bells, (4) finery : bracelets, rings and necklaces, (5) personal devotional objects such as pilgrim signs. The archaeological and typo-chronological study of the objects has allowed to classify the accessories and has lead in many cases to typological dating. It has also made possible the characterization of changes in the ornamentation of metal accessories and in the way of fixing items of clothing or adorning the body. The metal accessories of the costume present variations in their aspect, decoration, functionality, material or manufacturing techniques which reflect changes in the customs, fashion phenomena, the making of appearances, a hierarchy of the looks. It is therefore necessary to move beyond the mere archaeological analysis and to call for textual sources and iconography to thoroughly study these aspects and broaden the outlook to the economic or symbolic value of these objects. The production of these metal objects requires technical skills, more or less profound, that compositional analyzes by the PIXE technique, on a selection of artifacts, put into perspective.

Mikuláš Dačický of Heslov. Personality, Work and Afterlife Abstract On the basis of archival sources and relevant secondary literature, the thesis explores the life of Mikuláš Dačický of Heslov, one of the best-known Czech historical figures of the latter half of the 16th and the beginning of the 17th century. The work focuses on the social, political, economic, administrative, and religious circumstances in the royal city of Kutná Hora, with which Dačický's life was closely related. With a view to preserved period sources, it outlines and recapitulates the accessible information about the famous swashbuckler, rioter, ruffian, killer, and drunkard who was also a prolific chronicler, poet, an ardently religious armorial burgher with unswayable moral views, and an 'eyewitness to the Czech Renaissance'. The found facts are contrasted with the 'second life' (afterlife) of Mikuláš Dačický of Heslov which was provided for him by the novelists and dramatists of the 19th and 20th century. His character, and especially his temperament outraged the citizens of Kutná Hora and inspired many modern authors of plays and TV dramas, novels, film scripts, and musical works for the stage (operetta, opera, and musical). In the field of food industry and restaurant culture, some interesting examples of his name being...

À la fin de l’époque médiévale, les reliques sont un objet omniprésent dans le monde chrétien, particulièrement dans les églises urbaines. Les critiques puis destructions protestantes au cours du XVIe siècle constituent une première période de crise, conclue par un réinvestissement important de la réforme catholique. Ces premiers bouleversements ont plusieurs conséquences. Les reliques sont désormais l’objet d’une gestion de plus en plus rationnelle, que ce soit dans leur recension ou dans leur situation dans l’espace ecclésial. Car jusqu’à la Révolution française, les églises de Lyon, Metz, Rouen et Toulouse reçoivent d’innombrables corps saints, souvent en provenance de Rome, accompagnant la multiplication des couvents en ville. Les reliques sont données par des laïcs et des membres du clergé dans des visées autant religieuses que sociales. Les cérémonies de translations traduisent un catholicisme triomphant. Certains corps saints, souvent issus du panthéon local, prennent à cette époque une valeur identitaire et patrimoniale. Ils sont considérés comme les protecteurs de la cité, au cœur d’une relation spécifique entre les villes et le monde divin. Ces corps saints sont particulièrement utilisés lors des périodes de crises urbaines, qu’elles soient épidémiques, naturelles ou encore politiques. Les reliques sont également régulièrement mobilisées dans les Histoire de ces quatre villes pour souligner et illustrer leur élection divine. Ces liens entre villes et reliques se distendent à partir du XVIIIe siècle, sous l’effet de l’essor d’une critique historique et philosophique. La Révolution française entérine ce changement, malgré des tentatives de restauration sacrale. D’objets chrétiens, les corps saints deviennent des objets confessionnels au XVIIe siècle, puis, à partir du XIXe siècle, des objets militants. / During the Late Medieval Period, relics are a very common object in the Christian World and in urban churches. Protestant criticisms and destructions during the 16th century were a first crisis ended by a catholic reinvestment. These disruptions transformed relics into a more rational object, with systematic inventories and new localisations inside churches. Until French Revolution, churches of Lyon, Metz, Rouen and Toulouse received countless relics, mostly from Rome, to support the foundation of new urban convents. Laymen and clerics gave relics to improve their social and religious status. Ceremonies of translation showed a Catholicism that had triumphed again. Some relics got an identity and heritage value. They became the protectors of the city with a specific relationship between citizens and the Divine world. These relics are often used during urban crises like epidemics, natural disasters and political crisis. The History of the towns also used relics as evidence and illustration of urban Sanctity. These links became slack during the 18th century because of historical and philosophical criticisms. French Revolution confirmed this evolution, despite attempts of sacral remediation. From Christian objects, relics became confessional objects and from the beginning of the 19th century onwards, militant objects.

Early Modern Perspectives on Islam in the Czech lands by Bartosz Paprocki and his Diadochus This thesis analyses views on Islam in the 16 and 17th century Czech Lands. Its perspective is not religionist, but rather based on confrontation with muslims (mostly Turks) as represented in selected work of Bartosz Paprocki. Specifically, the thesis looks for specific features in the authorʼs approach to the issue and reflects on them from the viewpoint of present-day historiography.

Presented diploma thesis deals with issues of marital migration in early modern town milieu. By quantitative analysis of written records of marriage contracts and parish registers from Náchod domain (Eastern Bohemia), marriages of Nachod burghers with persons from other localities are tracked. Initially the town itself and the domain of the same name, constituting its hinterland, is characterized by their population and administrative and economic conditions. Then the marital migration is examined by sex and marital status of immigrants, distance and legal status of the place of their origin, or proportion of migration across the boundary of the domain. Apart from the pursuite to describe the main features of the migration phenomenon, the attention is focused on its consequences, which are the issues of integration of immigrant into the community of the town. The final part of the thesis deals with some qualitative aspects of marital migration and its reflection in contemporary ego-documents. Keywords: marital migration; Náchod; town; country; integration; burghers; parish registers; marital contracts; early modern period

The thesis discusses settlement relics and other traces of landscape use in sandstone bedrock of northern Bohemia from medieval ages up to 1st half of the 20th century. Three polygonal areas of interest covering an area of 1 km2 each were selected: area of hamlet Lešnice in the region of Roverské skály, area of Truskavna village in the region of Kokořínsko and area of Podkost village in the Český ráj region. The thesis compares these area and types of object found by field survey from 2015 and 2017-2019. It includes a detailed listing of documented objects, plans of chosen sites and detailed maps for each polygon. Keywords sandstone, field survey, small monuments, rock dwellings, Middle Ages, Modern period, everday life

I initially explored historic figures of European accoucheur of the 17. and 18. century. Beyond this I focused on a period called "Pobělohorská" in Czech countries. I summarized the health conditions of the population during this period, and described medical professions, midwifery and emergency Christening ceremonies. One chapter discusses partnerships and considers women who hid their pregnancy to avoid the prospect of caring for their children in the future. For this reason I present questions relating to how women hid their pregnancy during the Early Modern period. In the next chapter I discuss aspects of the process of giving birth, the locations where women gave birth and the moments thereafter. I present the circumstances of the death of the baby and the possible causes of death. The process of investigation of the scene, an assessment of the body and the search for the mother of the baby (as a potential murderer) are all considered. The assessment of the body was in the hands of the regional physiciusurgeon and a midwife. In my work I describe how the body was assessed, how they judged the maturity of the newborn baby and if the baby was born dead or alive. Further chapters explain the treatment of the umbilical cord, the inquisition of the witnesses and the suspect, and the next steps of...

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