[pt] Três métodos de eliminação de modos espúrios em soluções de guias de ondas dielétricos, inomogêneos e anisotrópicos, usando formulações variacionais e o Método de Elementos Finitos são analisados. O método das penalidades com a técnica de integração reduzida seletiva é aplicado pela primeira em problemas de Eletromagnetismo. Através da análise de vários exemplos, seus resultados são comparados aos obtidos com o método das componentes transversais devido a Hayata e Koshiba e com o uso de elementos de aresta. A qualidade das aproximações e o desempenho computacional comprovam a eficiência da integração reduzida, que eliminou os principais incovenientes do método das penalidades, mantendo seus atrativos e a simplicidade da implementação. O uso de elementos de aresta também se mostrou uma abordagem atraente embora seus mecanismos de funcionamento ainda não estejam completamente entendidos e apesar da maior complexidade na implementação. / [en] Three methods for elimination of spurious modes from variationally formulated Finite Element solutions of inhomogeneous/anisotropic dieletric waveguides are compared. The Reduced Integration Penalty Method is applied for the first time. To EM wave problems. From the analyses of various examples, the results of this method are compared to those obtained with the Hayeta and Koshiba transversal component method and with the use of edge elements. The quality of the approximations and the computacional performance testify the efficacy of the reduced integration that eliminates the main drawbacks fo the Penalty method while preserving its advantages and simplicity of implementation. The use of edge elements was proven to be a very attractive approach, although its mechanisms are still to be fully understood and its implementation may not always be straightforward in a standard Finite

[pt] Apresenta-se aqui um modelamento teórico para descontinuidades na casca de guias dielétricos, tanto para o Slab quanto para fibra ótica, propondo-se apenas estudar o comportamento do modo fundamental em ambas as estruturas. Todo o desenvolvimento é feito a partir da expansão das componentes transversais de campo segundo coeficientes de acoplamento. A análise de tais coeficientes descrevem as potências de transmissão e reflexão da descontinuidade. Em seguida, aplica-se as condições de contorno à descontinuidade para solucionar o conjunto de equações integro-diferenciais formado pela expansão. Tal modelamento é útil no desenvolvimento de sensores de temperatura onde a ponta sensora é exatamente a estrutura estudada. Comparações qualitativas são feitas entre os resultados teóricos e medidas feitas em laboratório com este tipo de sensor. / [en] We show here a theoretical model for descontinuity in clad of dielectric guides, for Slab as much as optical fiber. We just studied the behavior of dominant mode, in both structures. All development is done starting with expansion of transversal components fo field according to the coupled coefficients. The analysis of such coefficients shows the transmission powers and descontinuity reflexion. Next, we apply the boundary value problems to descontinuity to solve the sets integro-differential equations formed by the expansion. This model is useful in the development fo temperature sensors, where the sensor is exactly the studied structure. Qualitative comparisons are done between the theoretical results and the experimental measures using the kind of sensor.

The present paper is devoted to the investigation of the guided wave problem. This problem is formulated as the eigenvalue problem with a compact self-adjoint operator pencil. Applying the minimax principle for the compact operators in the Hilbert space we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a preassigned number of linearly independent guided modes. As a consequence of this result we also derive simple sufficient conditions, which can be easily applied in practice. We give a statement of the problem in a bounded domain and propose an efficient method for solving the problem.

Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Astronomía / This thesis describes the work that I performed to analyse the data from the Atacama B-mode Search (ABS) experiment. The ABS experiment observed the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation for three years using polarisation sensitive detectors. The telescope is located at the Atacama desert in the north of Chile at an altitude of 5190 metres. The goal of the experiment is to detect the primordial gravitational waves which were supposed to have been generated during the initial phase of exponential expansion of the universe. These gravitational waves leave unique signatures on the polarised CMB called the tensor B-modes. Several experiments have been built over the last decade to observe them but the primordial tensor B-modes still remain undetected. If found, they will be a direct evidence for a process called Cosmic inflation which is responsible for the initial period of exponential expansion. The detection will also provide hints about the physics of inflation as the characterisation of tensor B-modes via the parameter called tensor-to-scalar ratio r is directly related to the energy scale of inflation O(10^16) GeV, comparable to the grand-unification-theory (GUT) energy scales. The ABS experiment was designed and led by the Physics department at Princeton University. The ABS observed the CMB at 145 GHz using polarisation sensitive transition-edge-sensor (TES) bolometers. There are two mirrors, 60 cms each arranged in a compact crossed-Dragone configuration. The ABS was the first ground-based CMB experiment to successfully implement the rapid polarisation modulation using a continuously rotating (warm) half-wave-plate (HWP). In this article, I present the observation strategy, data acquisition, instrument calibration, and the data selection techniques used to produce the CMB maps and power spectrum estimation. For completeness, I also briefly describe the work done by other members of the ABS project but clearly mention my contribution at the start of every chapter. The final power spectrum is not shown as the data selection techniques and the modelling of the galactic foregrounds are still being finalised. However, the results from detailed statistical assessment of the data using an exhaustive suite of null tests indicate that we are not affected by any significant systematic effects. The assessment of the ABS null tests will be the major result of this work. ### en español: Esta tesis describe el trabajo que he realizado para analizar los datos del experimento Atacama B-mode Search (ABS). Utilizando el telescopio de ABS, cuyos detectores son sensible a la polarización, durante un periodo de tres años se observa la radiación en microondas del fonda cósmico (CMB). El telescopio esta instalado en el desierto de Atacama, en el norte de Chile, a una altura de 5190 metros. El objetivo del experimento es detectar las ondas gravitationales primordiales supuestamente generadas durante la fase inicial de expansión exponencial del universo. Estas ondas gravitacionales dejan registros únicas en polarizacion del CMB llamados tensor B-modes. Durante la ultima decada se han realizado varios instrumentos para observar tensor B-modes, pero no se han detectado aun. Si se les detecta, serian una evidencia directa de un proceso llamado inflación cósmica que sera el período inicial de la expansión exponencial. La detección también proporcionará pistas sobre la física de la inflación como la caracterización de tensor B-modes vía el cuociente tensor-a-escalar llamado r, está directamente relacionada con la escala de energía de la inflación O(10^16) GeV, comparable a la gran unificación teoría (GUT) escalas de energía. El experimento ABS fue diseñado y dirigido por el departamento de Física de la Universidad de Princeton. El ABS observo la CMB en la frecuencia de 145 GHz utilizando bolometros sensibles a la polarizacio del tipo transition-edge-sensor (TES). Posee dos espejos, de 60 cms cada uno y dispuestos en una configuracion del tipo compact crossed-Dragone. El ABS fue el primer experimento de medicion de la CMB, situado en la Tierra, en implementar exitosamente la modulacion de polarizacion rápida mediante una placa de media-onda half-wave-plate (HWP) mantenida a temperatura ambiente y girando continuamente. En este reporte, presento la estrategia de observación, adquisición de datos, la calibración del instrumento, y las técnicas de selección de datos utilizados para producir los mapas de la CMB y estimación del Espectro de potencia de la CMB. Por completitud, también describo brevemente el trabajo realizado por otros miembros del proyecto ABS, pero menciono claramente mi contribución al comienzo de cada capítulo. El espectro de potencia final no se ha incluido debido a que tanto las técnicas de selección de datos y el modelado de la absorpcion debida a nuestra galaxia no están aun finalizadas. Sin embargo, los resultados de la evaluación estadística detallada de los datos utilizando un conjunto exhaustivo de pruebas de sesgo nulo (null tests) indican que nuestras medidas no estan afectadas significativamente por efectos sistemáticos. La evaluación de las pruebas de sesgo nulo de las observaciones llevadas a cabo con el telescopio ABS nulos, es el principal resultado de este trabajo. Este resultado posibilita una determinacion robusta del Espectro de Potencia de la CMB.

Abstract The fundamental choice among governance mechanism is whether to externally organize transactions outside the boundary of the firm in the market, or whether to internally organize transactions within the firm's boundaries. In other words, major decision which is made on the firm's organizational strategy culminates in the make-or-buy decisions. In business and especially in the context of logistics, the worldwide usage and importance of outsourcing has grown dramatically over the last decades and researchers have reported on the outsourcing of logistics functions from several perspectives and a growing interest towards outsourcing is indicated by the volume of writings on the subject in scholarly journals, trade publications and popular magazines. The theoretical framework in outsourcing studies has commonly been the theory of the firm in microeconomics, transaction cost theory, agency theory, marketing or strategic management. However, according to recent studies it seems that several perspectives are needed when studying the development of relationships and the antecedents that underlie outsourcing decisions. Hence, in this study, concepts will be used from several theoretical backgrounds to get an eclectic view of outsourcing. The main research question is to study how the buyers' logistics outsourcing decisions contribute to the accomplishment of goals in business networks. Empirical part of thesis contains two data sets. First data were collected in November 2005 and the target group in this data was northern Finnish companies. Totally 161 acceptable responses were received, corresponding to a 27.4 percent response rate. The second data were collected from industrial companies in Finland during spring 2008. In the second data, 235 acceptable responses were returned, representing a response rate of 22.5 percent. As a result, a two dimensional model was created for describing outsourcing relationships in the logistics service markets. On the one hand, network economies can be gained through horizontal mode of outsourcing, where focus is in unit costs of services and the way to achieve lowest possible unit costs are short-term bidding games among service providers. On the other hand, network economies can be achieved through vertical mode of outsourcing with cooperation and strategic partnership where all participants concentrate on their core competences and thus create network economies through transactional value in long-term. In the middle are hybrid modes of outsourcing where focus is on both unit costs of services and transaction costs. These outsourcing modes are where the outsourcing strategies arise and in this way, the thesis contributes to theoretical development of outsourcing phenomenon and concepts behind logistics outsourcing decision making.

Magister Legum - LLM

Le recours aux modèles et à la modélisation est mentionné dans la documentation scientifique comme un moyen de favoriser la mise en oeuvre de pratiques d'enseignement-apprentissage constructivistes pour pallier les difficultés d'apprentissage en sciences. L'étude préalable du rapport des enseignantes et des enseignants aux modèles et à la modélisation est alors pertinente pour comprendre leurs pratiques d'enseignement et identifier des éléments dont la prise en compte dans les formations initiale et disciplinaire peut contribuer au développement d'un enseignement constructiviste des sciences. Plusieurs recherches ont porté sur ces conceptions sans faire de distinction selon les matières enseignées, telles la physique, la chimie ou la biologie, alors que les modèles ne sont pas forcément utilisés ou compris de la même manière dans ces différentes disciplines. Notre recherche s'est intéressée aux conceptions d'enseignantes et d'enseignants de biologie au secondaire au sujet des modèles scientifiques, de quelques formes de représentations de ces modèles ainsi que de leurs modes d'utilisation en classe. Les résultats, que nous avons obtenus au moyen d'une série d'entrevues semi-dirigées, indiquent que globalement leurs conceptions au sujet des modèles sont compatibles avec celle scientifiquement admise, mais varient quant aux formes de représentations des modèles. L'examen de ces conceptions témoigne d'une connaissance limitée des modèles et variable selon la matière enseignée. Le niveau d'études, la formation préalable, l'expérience en enseignement et un possible cloisonnement des matières pourraient expliquer les différentes conceptions identifiées. En outre, des difficultés temporelles, conceptuelles et techniques peuvent friner leurs tentatives de modélisation avec les élèves. Toutefois, nos résultats accréditent l'hypothèse que les conceptions des enseignantes et des enseignants eux-mêmes au sujet des modèles, de leurs formes de représentation et de leur approche constructiviste en enseignement représentent les plus grands obstacles à la construction des modèles en classe.

Master of Public Health - MPH / Health institutions in Zimbabwe often cannot fulfill their health care mandate due to lack of specialist health workers in different fields. Despite the effort by the Ministry in providing CPE opportunities, there is poor uptake of CPE by health workers in various provincial hospitals in Zimbabwe. This has resulted in severe staff shortages, particularly doctors (and more specifically specialists), as well as nurses and allied health workers.

Although the suspended droplet evaporation and combustion have been studied for decades, fundamental research pertaining to the stochastic phenomena of complex multicomponent mixtures is extremely rare. In this work, an experimental suspended droplet study of Arabian light oil was held to study the frequency of puffing and micro-explosion phenomena during the evaporation/pyrolysis process. The experiments were conducted at three different evaporation temperatures (350 C, 440 C, and 570 C), chosen in accordance with the TGA profle obtained. The suspended droplet experiments were conducted on a furnace with optical access and a gas controlled-preheating system. The droplet size was optically registered at 500 fps by a LaVision Imager Pro HS high-speed camera coupled with a magnification lens Nikon AF-S Micro Nikkor 105 mm. Furthermore, a computer-vision data postprocessing program was developed to identify contours and measure the size of the objects in the frame in order to register the temporal evolution of the droplet size. Additionally, a new approach for characterizing the droplet vaporization of complex multi-component fuels is proposed. This method allowed us to study the continuum (ideal evaporation) and stochastic processes separately, by following the profile of the average normalized square diameter ((D=D0)2) and quantifying the breakup intensity (β) of each stochastic event. Based on the behavior of (D=D0)2, two consecutive stages were identified at every temperature investigated, the swelling and the regression stage. At 350 ◦C and 440 ◦C, the evaporation was finally controlled purely by the diffusion evaporation, whereas at 570 ◦C a pure diffusion stage was not spotted. Instead, a second swelling was registered, where an amorphous carbonaceous structure was formed. Due to the pyrolysis of the heavy hydrocarbons dominated the process. The stochastic events involved during the evaporation were successfully identified and classified in breakup modes depending on their β. Additionally, the effect of the temperature on the breakup events was assessed. Showing that the number of breakup events increased exponentially with temperature.

archives@tulane.edu / With the advent of lasers the spatial shape of paraxial light also became an avenue for information processing and transfer applications. The light sources that support multiple of these spatial modes as separate, multiplexed information channels are readily used through classical optical implementations such as free-space optical communication, and to enhance the capacity of these channels. Recently, the hot atomic vapour based non-linear optical systems showed promise for the usage of paraxial multiple spatial modes of light for quantum information applications such as quantum communication, quantum networking, quantum computation and various other quantum technologies. In this dissertation, we use analytical, numerical, statistical and experimental techniques to model the propagation of multi-spatial light through various classical and non-linear systems to be able to steer, optimize and control the quantum states generated for quantum technologies applications. In the first chapter, we give a general introduction to classical (both linear & non-linear) and quantum (both linear \& non-linear) optical systems we are going to analyze. In the second chapter, we use a numerical, Fourier transform based beam propagation technique to examine the self-healing of a generic beam that is generated through an atomic process. In the third chapter, we analyzed our hot atomic vapour four-wave mixing experiment that uses a special type of multiple paraxial spatial mode to drive the non-linear optical process through numerical modeling of Fraunhofer diffraction. In the fourth chapter, we devise a coherent, analytically and quantum mechanically motivated beam propagation method based on decomposing the paraxial beam into its constituent multiple spatial modes. We calibrate this method by using the numerical, experimental and theoretical results of the previous chapters to model how the multiple spatial modes propagate through spatial masks that represent apertures, obstructions, atmospheric turbulence. In the fifth chapter, we extend the beam decomposition formalism into semi-classical and full quantum mechanical optical systems to model seeded hot-atomic vapour four-wave mixing experiments. We again calibrate our numerical models of intensity difference squeezing using the previous experimental results. Next, we use these calibrated models to devise a scheme to optimally generate multi-mode squeezed states. Lastly, in the sixth chapter, we turn our attention into estimating the quantum state of discrete variable, polarization qubit systems using machine learning and various other stochastic techniques. We improve these well studied systems to detect the quantum states in real time, in the presence of noise, and in the absence of various measurements using machine learning. We study these discrete variable, polarization qubit systems both as a gateway and a complement to study the tomographic reconstruction of continuous variable quantum optical systems of the previous chapters, in order to achieve our general goal of having a general estimation, steering and control methodology for quantum networking applications. / 1 / ONUR DANACI