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Objetivou-se avaliar a utilização de diferentes aditivos na alimentação de vacas em lactação sobre o consumo e digestibilidade aparente total da matéria seca e nutrientes, fermentação ruminal, produção e composição do leite, perfil metabólico e balanço de nitrogênio. Foram utilizadas 24 vacas da raça Holandesa, sendo destas 8 canuladas no rúmen, com média de produção de leite de 31,44 ± 4,83 kg, peso corporal médio de 586,07 ± 79,63 kg e com 175,89 ± 99,74 dias de lactação no início do fornecimento das dietas experimentais. Distribuídas em seis quadrados latinos 4x4, contemporâneos e balanceados, para receber as seguintes dietas experimentais: 1) Controle (CT), composta por dieta basal sem a inclusão de aditivos; 2) Crina (CRI) (Crina&reg; Ruminants, DSM-TORTUGA) , produto composto por uma mistura de óleos essenciais, sendo utilizado 1 g/vaca/dia; 3) Quitosana (QUI), com inclusão de quitosana na ordem de 150 mg/kg de peso vivo; 4) (MON) (Monensina DSM-TORTUGA), com inclusão de monensina na dose 24 mg/kg de matéria seca. Não foram observadas diferenças (P&lt;0,05) entre os tratamentos para consumo de matéria seca e nutrientes. Para digestibilidade da matéria seca e matéria orgânica a dieta QUI apresentou maiores valores (P<0,05) quando comparados a CRI. Em relação à digestibilidade da proteína bruta, a dieta com Crina foi menor (P<0,05) em relação aos demais aditivos. Não foram observadas diferenças (P<0,05) para produção e composição do leite entre as dietas experimentais. Os consumos de energia digestível e metabolizável foram maiores para os animais suplementados com quitosana em relação as dietas CO e MON. As eficiências da utilização de energia foram superiores para CO em relação a dieta com quitosana. A inclusão de monensina aumentou o colesterol total sérico em comparação a dieta controle. A excreção de nitrogênio fecal (g/dia), foi menor para CRI em relação aos demais aditivos, para % nitrogênio fecal total foi observada redução em relação a dieta com a adição de quitosana apenas. O balanço de nitrogênio em (g/dia) este foi maior para QUI, em relação MO. Quanto aos parâmetros fermentativos a inclusão de monensina e quitosana nas dietas reduziu a concentração de acetato (mmol/L), e a dieta CRI, aumentou ainda a concentração de propionato em mmol/L. Para a concentração de butirato, em mmol/L, a inclusão de monensina reduziu a concentração desta variável em relação à dieta controle, já os AGCR em mmol/L, todos os aditivos demonstraram efeito de redução (P<0,05), em relação à dieta controle. Para a concentração total de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (mmol/L), as dietas com inclusão de Crina e monensina mostraram redução desta variável em relação à dieta controle. Assim, é possível concluir que quanto aos óleos essenciais (Crina Ruminants), as respostas não foram positivas para as variáveis avaliadas, possivelmente ocasionada pela intensa atividade antimicrobiana, não seletiva apenas aos microrganismos desejados, levando a efeitos desfavoráveis, entretanto a utilização de quitosana na alimentação de vacas leiteiras apresentam resultados semelhantes à utilização de monensina sódica ou superiores a dieta controle dependendo das variáveis a serem avaliadas, e pode ser uma grande alternativa na nutrição destes animais / The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different additives in dairy cows feeding on nutrient intake, total apparent digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, ruminal fermentation, milk yield and composition, concentrations of blood parameters and energy and nitrogen balances; 24 Holstein cows 31.44 ± 4.83 kg/day of milk yield, 586.07 ± 79.63 kg of BW and 175.89 ± 99.74 days in milk; mean ± SD), 16 intact and 8 ruminally fistulated. The animals were randomly assigned in six 4 x 4 Latin-square (contemporaneous and balanced) design to receive one of following diets: 1) Control (CO), diet without inclusion of monensin, chitosan or essential oils; 2) Crina® (CRI), inclusion of the mixture of essential oils (Crina&reg; Ruminants - SM Nutritional products TORTUGA) at 1g/cow/day; 3) Chitosan (QUI), inclusion of 150 mg/kg BW of chitosan, and; 4) Monensin (MON), inclusion of 24 mg/kg of diet DM of sodic monensin (DSM Monesin, TORTUGA). No differences in DMI and nutriente intakes were observed (P<0.05) for cows fed different treatments. Total apparent digestibility of DM and organic matter were higher for cows fed Q when compared to cows fed CR. The crude protein digestibility was decreased when cows were fed CR when compared to cows fed the diets containing other additives (M and Q). There were no differences (P<0.05) in milk yield and composition among cows fed experimental treatments. The intakes of digestible and metabolizable energy were higher for cows fed Q than cows fed C and M. The efficiency of energy utilization was higher for cows fed C when compared to cows fed Q. Monensin increased serum total cholesterol compared to C. The excretion of fecal nitrogen (g /day) was lower for the animals supplemented with CR compared to other additives to fecal nitrogen excretion (% of total nitrogen) differed just for animals fed Q. Cows fed Q had higher nitrogen balance than cows fed M. Experimental treatments did not alter pH, concentration of ruminal acetate (mmol / L) was decreased when cows were fed with M and Q, compared to C. Higher concentration of propionate (mmol / L) was observed for cows fed M than cows fed CR. Moreover, cows fed M had butyrate concentration (mmol / L) decreased compared to cows fed C, and short chain fatty acids concentration (mmol / L) was decreased when additives were added to diets. Total concentration of short chain fatty acids (mmol / L) was reduced when monensin and essential oils were added to the diet. Thus, we conclude that the essential oils (Crina Ruminants), responses were not positive for the variables evaluated, possibly caused by intense antimicrobial activity not only selective to the desired microorganisms, leading to adverse effects. However the use of chitosan in dairy cows have similar results of monensin use or above the control diet depending on the variables evaluated, and can be a great alternative nutrition of this animals

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a cardiac hormone that helps maintain cardiovascular homeostasis. ANF secretion is linked to the constitutive, regulated and constitutive-like pathways. Presence of a monensin-sensitive pool that may follow constitutive-like secretion has previously been identified in an isolated atrial perfusion study. The intracellular ANF storage pools linked to each secretory pathway have not been identified. In this study, ANF storage and secretion was characterized in HL-1 atrial cardiomyocytes through the use of pharmacological agents, density gradient and RP- HPLC analysis. Treatment of HL-1 cells with monensin followed by cell fractionation was unsuccessful in identifying the monensin-sensitive pool. RP-HPLC analysis identified presence of low molecular weight ANF in low density gradient fractions that were defined by the presence of organelle markers of Golgi, early endosome, clathrin and corin. Since the monensin-sensitive pool was thought to be of a constitutive-like nature, targeting this pathway with pharmacological inhibitors of clathrin coat vesicle (CCV) formation and endosomal trafficking failed to prevent stimuli-independent secretion. Based on an inability to prevent ANF secretion by targeting the constitutive-like pathway and the presence of low molecular weight ANF in low density gradient fractions, stimuli- independent ANF secretion seems to be through a constitutive pathway.

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a cardiac hormone that helps maintain cardiovascular homeostasis. ANF secretion is linked to the constitutive, regulated and constitutive-like pathways. Presence of a monensin-sensitive pool that may follow constitutive-like secretion has previously been identified in an isolated atrial perfusion study. The intracellular ANF storage pools linked to each secretory pathway have not been identified. In this study, ANF storage and secretion was characterized in HL-1 atrial cardiomyocytes through the use of pharmacological agents, density gradient and RP- HPLC analysis. Treatment of HL-1 cells with monensin followed by cell fractionation was unsuccessful in identifying the monensin-sensitive pool. RP-HPLC analysis identified presence of low molecular weight ANF in low density gradient fractions that were defined by the presence of organelle markers of Golgi, early endosome, clathrin and corin. Since the monensin-sensitive pool was thought to be of a constitutive-like nature, targeting this pathway with pharmacological inhibitors of clathrin coat vesicle (CCV) formation and endosomal trafficking failed to prevent stimuli-independent secretion. Based on an inability to prevent ANF secretion by targeting the constitutive-like pathway and the presence of low molecular weight ANF in low density gradient fractions, stimuli- independent ANF secretion seems to be through a constitutive pathway.

The impact of supplying a mixed culture of lactate producing bacteria on in-vitro rumen fermentation of forage- (Experiment 1) and concentrate- (Experiment 2) based diets in the presence and absence of monensin was explored. In experiment 1, interactions between DFM and MON were absent (P>0.10) for gas production and fermentative end products. Gas production and fermentative end products were unaffected by DFM alone (P>0.10). Monensin decreased (P<0.001) CH4 and NH3 production, rate and total gas production, as well as total VFA concentration and molar proportions of acetate and butyrate. However, MON increased (P<0.001) proportions of propionate, valerate, isobutyrate and isovalerate. Independently, DFM and MON increased (P<0.001) end point pH. In experiment 2, DFM x MON interactions or tendencies (P=0.07, P<0.01, P<0.01) were present, DFM effects were abated by MON, for rate, total gas production and total VFA concentrations. Acetate:propionate ratio was decreased (P<0.01) with MON and was unaffected by DFM. Ammonia-N concentration was increased (P<0.01) by DFM and unaffected (P=0.75) by MON. Both DFM and MON treatment increased (P<0.01) ruminal pH levels. These studies suggest the effects of DFM and MON of in-vitro fermentation are dependent on the substrate being fermented and the observed interactions provide means for further research.

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a cardiac hormone that helps maintain cardiovascular homeostasis. ANF secretion is linked to the constitutive, regulated and constitutive-like pathways. Presence of a monensin-sensitive pool that may follow constitutive-like secretion has previously been identified in an isolated atrial perfusion study. The intracellular ANF storage pools linked to each secretory pathway have not been identified. In this study, ANF storage and secretion was characterized in HL-1 atrial cardiomyocytes through the use of pharmacological agents, density gradient and RP- HPLC analysis. Treatment of HL-1 cells with monensin followed by cell fractionation was unsuccessful in identifying the monensin-sensitive pool. RP-HPLC analysis identified presence of low molecular weight ANF in low density gradient fractions that were defined by the presence of organelle markers of Golgi, early endosome, clathrin and corin. Since the monensin-sensitive pool was thought to be of a constitutive-like nature, targeting this pathway with pharmacological inhibitors of clathrin coat vesicle (CCV) formation and endosomal trafficking failed to prevent stimuli-independent secretion. Based on an inability to prevent ANF secretion by targeting the constitutive-like pathway and the presence of low molecular weight ANF in low density gradient fractions, stimuli- independent ANF secretion seems to be through a constitutive pathway.

Orientador: Márcia Justino Rossini Mutton / Banca: Flávia Cecílio Ribeiro Bregagnoli / Banca: Francisco Vicente Gaiotto Cleto / Resumo: As indústrias sucroenergéticas têm como preocupação o controle de contaminantes da fermentação, responsáveis por afetar a viabilidade da levedura, provocando diversos transtornos no processo, comprometendo a eficiência fermentativa e o rendimento industrial. Dentre as alternativas para o controle das contaminações, destacam-se o uso de antimicrobianos sintéticos. Sua utilização continua pode favorecer o desenvolvimento de cepas resistentes, contribuindo para o incremento do custo de produção, além da possibilidade de incorporação de resíduos no produto final. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do biocida convencional (monensina sódica) e biocidas naturais preparados à base de própolis (Extrato Hidroalcoólico de Própolis - EHP e Extrato Oleoso de Própolis- EOP) sobre a fisiologia das leveduras, o controle dos contaminantes do processo fermentativo e composição do destilado. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o Inteiramente Casualizado com parcelas subdivididas, com 4 repetições. Os Tratamentos Principais foram: Testemunha, EOP, EHP e monensina sódica (Kamoran WP). Os Tratamentos Secundários constituíram-se nos 10 ciclos fermentativos. Avaliaram-se as características químico-tecnológicas do caldo, mosto e vinho, parâmetros microbiológicos das leveduras e composição do destilado obtido. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os biocidas avaliados apresentaram efeito similar, sendo efetivos no controle dos contaminantes da fermentação, não afetando negativamente suas características fisiológicas. Não afetaram a composição a composição do destilado final obtido / Abstract: The control of fermentation contaminants is one of the sugar mills concerns. The fermentation contaminants are responsible to affect the yeast viability, generating several overturns to the process, compromising the fermentative efficiency as well the industrial yield. Among the alternatives to control contamination, the use of synthetic antimicrobials can be highlighted. Its progressed use may favor the development of resistant strains, contributing in production cost improving, besides the possibility of residues incorporation into the final product. This work aimed evaluate the effect of conventional biocides (sodic monensin) and natural ones based on propolis (Propolis Hydroalcoholic Extract - EHP and Propolis Oily Extract - EOP) under the yeasts physiology, the fermentative process contaminants control, and the distilled composition. The experimental design used was the split-plot with four replications. The main treatments were: Control, EOH, EHP, and sodic monensin (Kamoran WP). The secondary treatments were the 10 fermentative cycles. The evaluated characteristics were: juice, must, and wine chemical-technical characteristics, yeasts microbiologic parameters, and the distillated obtained composition. The results obtained showed that the evaluated biocides presented similar effect, being effectives to control the fermentation contaminants, not affecting negatively its physiologic characteristics. They did not affect the composition of the distilled obtained / Mestre

Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2017-10-25T12:49:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 607849 bytes, checksum: 8fcbae0fc9246bf1307217869595d65f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-25T12:49:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 607849 bytes, checksum: 8fcbae0fc9246bf1307217869595d65f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-21 / Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da suplementação de monensina (MON), probióticos ou óleos essenciais sobre o desempenho e índice de escore fecal (IEF) dos bezerros leiteiros de 6-60 d de idade e seu efeito residual 15 dias após o desmame. Cinqüenta bezerros da raça Holandesa foram alimentados com 5 L de leite cru por dia mais concentrado inicial até o desmame. Os tratamentos foram: Controle (CON), adição de MON (30 mg / kg de concentrado), probiótico E. faecium (PROB, 70 mg / kg de concentrado, CFU / kg 7,0E + 09, Cylactin®), óleos essenciais (OE, 300 mg / kg de concentrado, CRINA® Ruminants), ou adição de PROB + OE (EOPROB). O consumo do alimento e o escore fecal (pontuado de 1 a 4) foram medidos diariamente e os animais foram pesados a cada 15 dias. Foi realizada a extração de DNA das fezes, para identificar por meio da PCR a presença ou ausência de microorganismos (E. coli, Hafnia, Shiguella, Lactobacillus spp, Enterococcus spp e Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415). Dois ensaios de digestibilidade de 72 h foram realizados nos dias 20-28 (período 1) e 50-56 (período 2), por coleta fecal total. O experimento foi definido em blocos inteiramente casualizados com dez repetições por tratamento e data de entrada usada como bloco. A ANOVA foi realizada para testar os efeitos do tratamento em P < 0,10, as medias foram comparadas pelo teste t de Student e os resultados da PCR foram analisados pelo teste de Wald. O consumo de matéria seca (CMS) antes do desmame foi maior (P < 0,05) para OE (903,03 g / d) em comparação com MON (794,34 g / d) e EOPROB (783,12 g / d). Animais OE e MON diminuíram (P < 0,012) o IEF durante o aleitamento. O ganho médio diário (GMD) e a eficiência alimentar (EA) não diferiu (P > 0,10) entre os tratamentos antes do desmame. A altura à cernelha (AC) e altura à garupa (AG) não foi diferente entre os tratamentos (P > 0,10) antes nem depois do desaleitamento. Após o desmame, o CMS e IEF não diferiu entre os tratamentos (P > 0,10). OE apresentou maior GMD (917,50 g / d) (P < 0,05) em comparação com CON (615,80 g / d) e PROB (592,60 g / d). A EA melhorou (P < 0,05) com OE (0,72 g / g) sobre o CON (0,36 g / g), MON (0,49 g / g) e PROB (0,36 g / g). Os resultados de PCR mostraram ausência do E. faecium NCIMB 10415 em animais PROB e COM. Durante os ensaios de digestibilidade, houve maior consumo (P < 0,001) de nutrientes nos dias 50-56 em comparação com os dias 20-28. Animais PROB apresentaram maiores (P < 0,05) consumo de MS (1184,56 g / d), proteína bruta (PC) (254,63 g / d) e fibra detergente neutra (FDN) (320,36 g / d) comparado com EOPROB. A ingestão de carboidratos no fibrosos (CNF) foi maior (P < 0,05) no tratamento OE (384,31 g / d) comparado com CON (323,63 g / d), MON (323,84 g / d) e EOPROB (301,30 g / d). A ingestão de extrato etéreo (EE) e matéria orgânica (MO) não foi afetada (P > 0,10) pelos tratamentos. A digestibilidade da FDN foi maior (P < 0,012) em animais alimentados com MON (924 g / d). Em conclusão, OE pode ser adicionado à ração de bezerros leiteiros para melhorar o escore fecal, aumenta o CMS e melhora a digestibilidade dos nutrientes. O IEF no pré-desmame diminuiu com MON e aumentou com PROB / We aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with monensin (MON), probiotics or essential oils on performance and fecal consistency index (FCI) of suckling dairy calves from 6-60 d of age, and its residual effect 15 d after weaning. Fifty Holstein calves were fed 5 L of raw milk per day plus starter concentrate until weaning. The treatments were: Control (CON), adition of MON (30 mg/kg of starter), probiotic E. faecium (PROB, 70 mg/kg of starter, CFU/kg 7,0E+09, Cylactin ® ), essential oils (EO, 300 mg/kg of starter, CRINA ® Ruminants), or addition of PROB +EO (EOPROB). DMI and fecal score (scored from 1 to 4) were daily measured, and animals were weighed every 15 d. DNA extraction from feces was performed, to identifying by PCR the presence or absence of microorganisms ( E. coli, Hafnia, Shiguella, Lactobacillus spp, Enterococcus spp, and Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415) in the feces. Two 72 h digestibility trials were performed at days 20-28 (period 1) and 50-56 (period 2), by total fecal collection. The experiment was designed in completely randomized block with ten replications per treatment, and date of entrance used as block. ANOVA was performed to test treatment effects at P < 0.10, means were compared by Student's t-test, and PCR results were analyzed by Wald test. The dry matter intake (DMI) before weaning was greater (P < 0.05) for EO (903.03 g / d) compared to MON (794.34 g / d) and EOPROB (783.12 g / d). EO and MON decreased (P < 0.012) FCI during pré-weaning. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) did not differ among treatments (P > 0.10) before weaning. The withers height (WH) and croup height (CH) was no different among treatments after or before weaning. After weaning the DMI and FCI did not differ among treatments (P > 0.10). EO had greater (P < 0.05) ADG (917.50 g / d) compared to CON (615.80 g/d) and PROB (592.60 g / d). The FE improved (P < 0.05) with EO (0.72 g / g) over CON (0.36 g / g), MON (0.49 g / g) and PROB (0.36 g / g). The PCR results showed absence of E. faecium NCIMB 10415 in animals fed PROB and CON. During the digestibility trials, greater intakes (P < 0.001) of nutrients were observed at days 50-56 compared to 20-28 days. Animals fed PROB had greater (P < 0.05) intakes of DM (1184.56 g / d), crude protein (CP) (254.63 g /d) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (320.36 g / d) than animals fed EOPROB . Intake of Non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) were greater (P < 0.05) in EO (384.31 g / d) compared to CON (323.63 g / d), MON (323.84 g / d) and EOPROB (301.30 g / d). The ether extract (EE) and organic matter (OM) intake was not affected (P > 0.10) by treatments. NDF digestibility was greater (P < 0.012) in animals fed MON (924 g / d). In conclusion, EO can be added to the dairy calf ration to improve fecal score, increases DMI and improves nutrient digestibility. The pre-weaning FCI decreased with MON and increased with PROB

Submitted by ELMESON FERREIRA DE JESUS null (elmesonf@gmail.com) on 2016-02-11T20:46:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Elmeson_Ferreira_de_Jesus.pdf: 1842580 bytes, checksum: c09351b7c7df05d6c24c3c4c94e0d045 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-02-12T18:56:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 jesus_ef_dr_jabo.pdf: 1842580 bytes, checksum: c09351b7c7df05d6c24c3c4c94e0d045 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-12T18:56:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 jesus_ef_dr_jabo.pdf: 1842580 bytes, checksum: c09351b7c7df05d6c24c3c4c94e0d045 (MD5) Previous issue date: 15-12-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de óleo funcional composto de ácido anacárdico, cardol e cardanol (óleo da castanha de cajú) e ácido ricinoleico (óleo de mamona) na dieta de vacas em lactação sobre consumo, digestibilidade aparente total da matéria seca e nutrientes, fermentação ruminal, produção e composição do leite, síntese de proteína microbiana, perfil metabólico, balanço de nitrogênio e energia. Foram utilizadas vinte e quatro vacas pluriparas da raça Holandês, das quais seis apresentavam cânula ruminal, com peso corporal médio de 618 ± 76 kg, 150,24 ± 91,43 dias em lactação e 29,1 ± 4,01 kg/dia de produção de leite no início do experimento. As vacas foram alocadas em oito Quadrados Latinos 3 x 3, balanceados e contemporâneos, alimentadas com os seguintes tratamentos: 1) controle (CON), composto por dieta basal sem inclusão de aditivos; 2) óleo funcional (OF), com adição de 500 mg/kg da MS (Essential® Oligo Basics) e 3) monensina sódica (MON) com adição de 22 mg/kg da MS. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) dos tratamentos sobre o consumo de matéria seca e nutrientes (kg/dia), coeficientes de digestibilidade e consumo em porcentagem do peso corporal. A inclusão de óleo funcional ou monensina sódica na dieta não alterou (P>0,05) o pH, as concentrações de amônia, acetato e butirato, e a relação acetato: propionato no rúmen. No entanto, as inclusões de óleo funcional ou monensina sódica aumentaram (P<0,05) a concentração de propionato ruminal e o tratamento óleo funcional aumentou (P<0,05) a concentração total de ácidos graxos de cadeia ramificada. As vacas alimentadas com óleo funcional ou monensina sódica apresentaram aumento (P<0,05) da produção de leite, mas a inclusão de monensina sódica reduziu (P<0,05) o teor de gordura do leite. A inclusão de óleo funcional reduziu (P<0,05) a concentração de ureia no sangue. A síntese de proteína microbiana e os balanços de energia e nitrogênio não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos (P>0,05). A inclusão de óleo funcional ou monensina sódica nas dietas aumentaram a produção de leite e a concentração de propionato ruminal, sem alterar o consumo e a digestibilidade da matéria seca e nutrientes. / This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of functional oil composed of anacardic acid, cardol and cardanol (cashew nut shell liquid and castor oil) and ricinoleic acid (castor oil) in diets of dairy cows on intake, total apparent digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, rumen fermentation, milk yield and composition, microbial protein synthesis, metabolic profile, and nitrogen and energy balance. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows (six cannulated in the rumen), with an average body weight of 618 ± 76 kg, 150.24 ± 91.43 days in lactation and milk yield of 29.1 ± 4.01 kg/day in the beginning of the study were evaluated. Cows were allocated into eight 3 x 3 Latin squares, balanced and contemporary, and fed with the following treatments: 1) control (CON), composed of basal diet without inclusion of additives; 2) Functional oil (FO) with addition of 500 mg/kg DM (Essential® Oligo Basics) and 3) monensin (MON) with addition of 18 mg/kg DM. There was no effect (P>0.05) of treatments on dry matter and nutrients intake (kg/day), digestibility and intake as percentage of body weight. The inclusion of functional oil or monensin in the diet did not affect (P>0.05) pH, ammonia, acetate and butyrate concentrations and acetate: propionate ratio in the rumen. However, the inclusions of functional oil or monensin increased (P<0.05) the concentration of ruminal propionate. In addition, functional oil treatment increased (P<0.05) total concentration of branched chain fatty acids. The cows fed diets with oil or functional monensin increased (P<0.05) the milk yield of dairy cows, but cows fed diets with monensin had lower (P<0.05) milk fat content. The addition of functional oil in the diet also reduced (P<0.05) the concentration of blood urea. The microbial protein synthesis, and energy and nitrogen balances were not affected by treatments (P>0.05). Inclusion of functional oil or monensin in the diets increased milk yield and concentration of ruminal propionate without changing intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-07-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:00:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rivera_ar_me_jabo.pdf: 341547 bytes, checksum: 35f0260fb3dc1acd91d7c35f7c4333d4 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista / O trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar o efeito do uso de monensina e de um complexo de leveduras, ácidos graxos poliinsaturados e aminoácidos (LAA) no consumo de matéria seca e nutrientes, na estimativa da digestibilidade ruminal, nos parâmetros de fermentação ruminal (pH, concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal e de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta), na população de protozoários e na produção de metanoo Foram realizados dois experimentos, no primeiro com seis bovinos anelorados, com peso médio de 530 kg, que foram tratados com 5g dia-1 de LAA ou monensina ou caulim usado como controle, adicionados à dieta base composta por feno de Tifton 85 (Cynodon Sppo) e concentrado, em uma relação 80:200 No segundo experimento foram testados os mesmos aditivos, usando a técnica de produção de gases in vitro para estimar a produção de gás metanoo O delineamento experimental usado foi em blocos casualizadoso Entre os resultados houve menor consumo de matéria seca e dos nutrientes (P<O,05) e maior produção de ácido propiônico (P<0,05) efeito da monensinao A digestibilidade da matéria seca e dos nutrientes não foi influenciada pela utilização dos aditivoso O pH e a concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal foram adequadas para o crescimento microbianoo A produção de metano não foi alterada usando aditivos. / The objetives of this work were to evaluate the effect of additives: monensin and yeast cells, insatured fatty acid, aminoacid complex on nutrient intake, nutrient digestibilities, ruminal parameters, protozoa population and methane production. Two experiments were conducted. One experiment, six beef cattle, 530 kg live weight, feeding hay (Cynodon Spp.) and concentrate (porportion 80:20) were used. Monensin or yeast cells, insatured fatty acid, aminoacid complex or caulim (control) were given daily (5g). Two experiment, same additives were used to estimate methane production using the gas production technique. The statistics model was random block. The nutrient intake decreased (P<0.05) and propionic acid increased (P<0.05) using monensin. There were no effect of additives on nutrient digestibilities. Ammonia nitrogen and pH were adequated for microorganisms growth. There were no effect of additives on methane production.