Past research has shown that there are differences between children's ability to express verbally moral judgment or social cognitive principles (cognitive-expression) and their ability to understand and utilize these principles when making evaluations about others (cognitive-reception). This study investigated these differences.

The present study was undertaken (1) to compare the connotative meanings criminals attach to a sampling of concepts with those meanings attached by noncriminals, and (2) to examine the possible relationship between moral development and criminal behavior. One hundred thirty four male subjects completed the Wide Range Achievement Test- Revised (Reading Section); a personal data sheet; the Ammons Quick Test-Form I; the Criminal Semantic Inventory; the Test for Criminal Cognitions; and the Sociomoral Reflection Questionnaire. Subjects were divided into four groups (Noncriminals, Against Person Group, Against Property Group, and Against Statute Group) on the basis of history of criminal conviction. A one-way MANOVA was conducted on each of the 16 concepts under investigation. Significant differences were found for five concepts. In addition, criminals were found to differ significantly from noncriminals on level of moral development.

Die in dem Band veröffentlichten Aufsätze entstammen in der Mehrzahl der Feder finnischer Historikerinnen und Historiker und kreisen tatsächlich meist um „crime“ bzw. um kleinere Devianzen. Konzeptuell stellt die knappe Einleitung der Herausgeber ganz auf „soziale Kontrolle“ ab: Entlang der Forschungsgeschichte wird einer engeren Fassung, die soziale Kontrolle als von staatlichen Instanzen ausgehende „planned responses to crime and deviance“ versteht, eine weitere Fassung des Konzeptes gegenübergestellt, bei der alle denkbaren gesellschaftlichen Akteure Kontrollfunktionen wahrnehmen können. Jedoch entfaltet die Einleitung kaum programmatische Ausstahlungskraft für die folgenden Beiträge. So bietet der Band einen bunten Strauß sehr verschiedenartiger Beiträge von unterschiedlicher empirischer Tiefe und konzeptueller Durcharbeitung. Eher der Vollständigkeit halber genannt seien die Aufsätze zur Bedeutung von Spitznamen im ländlichen Finnland im 19. und 20.Jh. (Sofia Kotilainen), über einen spektakulären Serienmörder in Finnland Mitte des 19.Jahrhunderts (Teemu Keskiarja), über einen Kirchstuhlstreit in der westfinnischen Pfarrei Kokemäki Mitte des 18.Jahrhunderts (Ella Viitaniemi), über Vaganten und Einsperrungsinstitutionen in Finnland im 19.Jahrhundert (Päivi Pukero) und zu den Begnadigungen des finnischen Präsidenten gegenüber Staatsbediensteten nach dem Ende des Ersten Weltkriegs (Virpi Anttonen).

Education has an important role in working towards equity and social justice. Education is assigned the role to balance out inequalities in education, and to provide people with opportunity for social mobility. This thesis seeks to critically explore international curricula in the context of an international private school company. The theoretical framework of this study is drawn on moral philosophy (Pogge), intersectionality and transnational feminist theory (Mohanty and Nancy Fraser), and previous critical knowledge on globalisation, international schools, social inequality and social justice. This study seeks to conceptualize a critical position towards the neoliberal agenda organizing globalization and argues that the current system actively maintains social inequality and poverty. It takes a stance against the globalizing, neoliberal, capitalist economy, claiming that it is inherently hierarchical, maintains the current hegemonic status quo between the social classes, and deprives big groups of people of their basic human rights. Furthermore, this thesis claims that educational actors have moral responsibility in striving for a more equal society. The scope of the research is the discourse on poverty and social justice created by an international, private school company, Nord Anglia Education and by educational materials for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to point out the connections between the moral life of a person and his state of health. This is a current topic of applied ethics, which deals with the relationship between ethical behavior and its consequences in health and disease therapy. The work deals with the life and work of Ctibor Bezděk, who is considered by the professional public to be the founder of ethics therapy. The diploma thesis introduces the concepts of ethics therapy and tries to bring the meaning of his work to the present day with an understandable approach. The diploma thesis also points out the importance of moral balance in various areas of our lives, the role of faith in God and the trust we place in him in the dynamics of health and disease. The method used in the diploma thesis is the analysis of Ctibor Bezděk's texts, the systematic arrangement into the topic of the thesis and the updating of his legacy. Key words: ethics, ethicotherapy, prayer, morality, illness, suggestion, healing, evil

The diploma thesis "Changes in Behaviour of Czech Media in Connection with "Political Scandals" 1997 - 2007" deals with the occurrence of so - called "mechanisms of scandalization" in media coverage of political affairs. The aim of this piece of work is to find out whether and to what extent the chosen media use these mechanisms and whether there is some recognizable change in their use over the course of time and how this change signifies. The question is to what extent the media are active force in the emergence of scandal, whether "scandalization" has become a common feature of non-tabloid Czech press.

Master’s thesis is concerned with ethics of company RENGL, s.r.o. Through the use of list of questions I ascertained opinions of customers of ethics of services and employees and also opinions of ethics of posters.

The thesis is in its first part focused on the theoretical background. It deals with concepts such as ethics, morality, social responsibility and ethical codes. The next section is devoted to a particular company, analyzing the current situation, which was based on a questionnaire survey. It proposes possible actions by the company and the specific text of the Code of Ethics.

L’éthique néo-aristotélicienne développée à la suite du programme proposé par G.E.M. Anscombe en 1958 exclut-elle la notion de moralité ? Anscombe contestait la pertinence de la notion de « devoir moral ». Cela implique-t-il que l’on doive, pour la suivre, renoncer à toute distinction entre le « moral » et le « non moral » ? La défense d’un absolutisme moral motivait les analyses d’Anscombe concernant « l’intention ». Les critiques du légalisme, du conséquentialisme ou du subjectivisme qui sont menées dans le sillage de « La philosophie morale moderne » par les principaux représentants de l’éthique néo-aristotélicienne – Philippa Foot, Alasdair MacIntyre, Rosalind Hursthouse ou Martha C. Nussbaum – répondent au même type de préoccupation. Les néo-aristotéliciens cherchent à opposer aux conceptions modernes de la rationalité morale l’idée d’une rationalité pratique homogène. Mais c’est pour montrer qu’elle est intrinsèquement liée à la vertu. Dans le même esprit, ils opposent à l’anti-naturalisme de la morale britannique du XXème siècle un naturalisme non réductionniste. Sous ces différents aspects, leur réflexion bénéficie des liens qu’elle renoue avec l’inspiration originelle de la méthode de la « psychologie » anscombienne. C’est ce qui permet à certains d’entre eux de poser les jalons d’une éthique fondée sur les notions de vertu et de bonheur, que celle-ci revendique ou non son appartenance à « l’éthique de la vertu ». A travers sa définition de « l’action humaine », cette éthique qui possède certains traits caractéristiques de l’éthique des Anciens, implique bien néanmoins une définition exigeante et originale de la moralité. / Does neo-Aristotelian ethics, which was developed according to the programme by G.E.M. Anscombe in 1958, exclude the notion of morality? Anscombe challenged the relevance of the concept of ‘moral duty’. Does this imply that, to follow her programme, one must give up any distinction between ‘moral’ and ‘non-moral’? The defence of moral absolutism motivated Anscombe's ‘intention’ analyses. Critics of legalism, consequentialism or the subjectivism that was conducted in the wake of ‘Modern Moral Philosophy’ by the main representatives of neo-Aristotelian ethics—Philippa Foot, Alasdair MacIntyre, Rosalind Hursthouse and Martha C. Nussbaum—have responded to the same type of concern. The neo-Aristotelians, despite their disagreement on many points, seek to set the idea of a homogeneous practical rationality against modern conceptions of moral rationality; however, it is to show that rationality is intrinsically linked to virtue. In the same spirit, they set a non-reductionist naturalism against the anti-naturalist British ethics of the 20th century. Under these different aspects, their reflection benefits from a return to the original inspiration of Anscombe’s ‘psychology’ method. This return is also what allows some of them to lay the foundations for an ethical theory based on notions of virtue and happiness regardless of whether it claims to belong to ‘virtue ethics’ or not. Through its definition of ‘human action’, this ethical theory—which proposes to reconnect with certain characteristics of ancient ethics—implies, however, a demanding and original definition of morality.

Law, morality and politics in bioethical law making in the Czech Republic The central theme of this master thesis is bioethical law making in the Czech Republic and the influence of morality and politics on this law making. The main aim of the thesis is to find out who and under what circumstances influences whether and how laws are made in eight bioethical topics: abortion, transplantation, embryonic stem cell research, living will, artificial reproduction, sex change, surrogate motherhood and euthanasia. In its first chapter the thesis discusses the interaction of two normative systems - morality and law; and in its second chapter it discusses the relationship between morality and politics and law and politics. The third and fourth chapters reflect lessons learned from the previous chapters and apply its hypotheses to the analysis of the above mentioned eight bioethical topics. The master thesis arrives at a conclusion that Czech bioethical law making is split between liberal and conservative approaches. Furthermore it concludes that the majority of the most prominent and difficult moral dilemmas in bioethical law making have been decided historically and are part of the country's historical moral heritage.