Feline morbilliviruses (FeMV) are fairly newly discovered paramyxoviruses found in cats. The first description indicated an association with widely distributed chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the host species. In various studies, a global prevalence and a further genotype, designated FeMV-2, and the involvement of other organ systems in infected individuals were shown. Using an immunofluorescence assay, we detected an overall seroprevalence of FeMV in almost half of the cats investigated (n = 380), with a significantly increased proportion in younger animals. In comparison to European Shorthair cats, the rate of seropositivity is higher in pedigree cats. Regardless of the breed, FeMV infection was associated with increased blood creatinine concentrations, suggesting an association with CKD. Further analysis indicated that this association was the strongest in animals having high IFA titers against FeMV-2. In addition, a significant association between FeMV-positive status and the prevalence of feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD, or idiopathic cystitis) was detected. This association was dominated by cats having antibodies against FeMV-1 only. To further evaluate the positive correlation between FeMV seroprevalence and CKD as well as FLUTD, consideration of additional clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters is warranted, and controlled infection studies with both FeMV genotypes are necessary. Clinicians should, however, be aware of a possible link between renal and lower urinary tract disease and FeMV infections.

Le virus de la rougeole est un virus à ARN négatif, membre de la famille des Paramyxoviridae. Le complexe de réplication viral comprend trois protéines principales : la polymérase à ARN ARN-dépendante (L), la nucléoprotéine (N) et la phosphoprotéine (P). Cette thèse présente une étude structurale, par des méthodes biochimiques et biophysiques, de la phosphoprotéine et de la nucléoprotéine produites dans la bactérie Escherichia coli. J'ai étudié les déterminants de la polymérisation de N et identifié un variant intéressant pour l'étude de N par cristallographie aux rayons X. J'ai aussi mis au point la purification d'un complexe de N et P, prélude à son étude structurale. Par ailleurs, j'ai montré que la partie N-terminale de P est intrinsèquement désordonnée. J'ai pu étendre ce résultat aux protéines P de nombreux virus apparentés par une étude bio-informatique. J'ai ensuite démontré l'importance du désordre structural au sein du complexe réplicatif des Paramyxoviridae #à la fois par son abondance et d'un point de vue fonctionnel#. Au-delà de leur intérêt pratique immédiat, ces résultats indiquent que la machinerie réplicative de ces virus pourrait constituer un système modèle pour l'étude du désordre structural dans les protéines. De plus, ils soulèvent de nombreuses questions et sont donc un prélude à une refonte de notre vision du complexe réplicatif de ces virus dont l'étude revêt une importance majeure en santé humaine.

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Bottlenose dolphins exhibit fission-fusion social systems in which group size and composition change fluidly throughout the day. Societies are typically sexually segregated, and the quality and patterning of individual relationships in this social species shape the social structure of a population. Female dolphins usually have a large network of associates with whom they form recurring moderate bonds, while male associations are highly variable due to their mating strategies. Males employ one of two strategies; males may be solitary, and encounter and herd females individually, while others may form strong bonds with one to two other males and cooperatively herd individual females in the shape of a first-order alliance. Second-order alliances are more uncommon and have only been observed in Shark Bay, Australia, and more recently within the St. Johns River (SJR), Jacksonville, Florida. Given the inter-population variation in male mating strategies, greater documentation of social structure in neighboring populations along the Atlantic coast is needed. Therefore, chapter one documents the social structure of the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) estuarine system where dolphins have experienced recurrent cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) epizootics. Although environmental disturbances can affect both social and mating systems, IRL dolphin sociality does not seem to be affected by the 2008 CeMV mass mortality event. Additionally, males only form first-order alliances within this population. Because multi-level alliances are unique to the SJR in this region, chapter two analyzes the stability and function of SJR alliances. Both first- and second-order alliances exhibited variation in stability, while alliance association appears dependent on female presence. Thus, SJR alliances likely function within a reproductive context. Together, this work provides insight into the social and mating systems of bottlenose dolphins, as well as the function of multi-level alliances at a relatively new study site.