Spelling suggestions: "subject:"morbillivirus"" "subject:"morbillivírus""
1 |
The risk assessment of a novel morbillivirus isolate / 新規モルビリウイルスの分離とヒトへのリスク評価Sakaguchi, Shouichi 23 March 2016 (has links)
■Genetic diversity of feline morbillivirus isolated in Japan 著者最終稿版の公開のみ可能(The final version of Recordは不可)。出版社ウェブサイトへのリンクを以下の通り記載すること「The final version of record is available at http;//jgv.microbiologyresearch.org/」。■In vitro host range of feline morbillivirus 最終版はhttp://jsvetsci.jp/jvms/から入手可能である / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第19581号 / 医博第4088号 / 新制||医||1013(附属図書館) / 32617 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 西渕 光昭, 教授 一山 智, 教授 木原 正博 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
|
2 |
Epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants virus in ethiopia and molecular studies on virulenceGopilo, Abraham Picavet, Dominique-Pierre January 2006 (has links)
Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Sciences vétérinaires : Toulouse, INPT : 2005. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 216 réf.
|
3 |
Contributions au développement de modèles petit animal et cellulaire pour les études de pathogenèse des morbillivirus / Contributions to the development of a small animal and a cell model for morbillivirus pathogenesis studiesComerlato, Juliana 16 November 2016 (has links)
Morbillivirus est un genre de virus à ARN simple brin de polarité négative de la famille des Paramyxoviridae. Actuellement, il est composé de sept espèces responsables de maladies hautement contagieuses. Les infections par morbillivirus causent une forte mortalité chez l’Homme, les petits ruminants, les carnivores et chez certains mammifères marins. Les vaccins disponibles contre les morbillivirus exigent généralement 7-10 jours pour développer une immunité protectrice. Après la Peste Bovine, première maladie animale éradiquée avec succès, la peste des petits ruminants (PPR) est la prochaine cible pour l'éradication au niveau mondial d’ici 2030. Le vaccin actuel basé sur la souche PPR Nigeria 75/1 est adéquat pour la campagne d'éradication. Cependant, certaines améliorations peuvent être envisagées pour accroître son efficacité, raccourcir le temps nécessaire pour l’éradication et réduire les coûts. Par exemple, l’introduction d’un vaccin marqué positif/négatif permettrait la différenciation entre animaux infectés et vaccinés (DIVA stratégie), permettant ainsi en temps réel la surveillance de l'infection, la vaccination et l’élimination rapide des animaux infectés. Une autre amélioration pourrait être la modification du vaccin actuel par génétique inverse pour insérer une cassette exprimant des ARN interférents capables de cibler les souches virulentes PPRV. Ce vaccin thérapeutique serait utile en situation d'urgence pour contrôler l’infection le temps que l’immunité protectrice se mette en place après vaccination. Afin de développer et tester ces nouveaux vaccins et outils thérapeutiques, il est nécessaire d’utiliser des modèles petit animal et cellulaire pour limiter les expérimentations avec les animaux d'élevage Dans ce travail, nous avons contribué au développement d’un modèle cellulaire in vitro et d’un modèle murin in vivo pour étudier la pathogenèse des morbillivirus. Le présent document est divisé en trois principaux chapitres : « Identification d’un modèle cellulaire pour les études de pathogenèse du PPRV » ; « Construction d’un clone PPR marqué le gène luciférase rapporteur » ; et « Évaluation in vivo d’un petit ARN interférent (siRNA) contre les morbillivirus ». Dans le premier chapitre, la ligne cellulaire murine 10T1/2 a été éprouvée avec des souches atténuées et virulentes du PPRV dans des conditions différentes d’expression du récepteur SLAM de la chèvre et de la réponse interféron type I. Les résultats ont montré une permissivité des cellules 10T1/2 limitée aux souches virulentes du PPRV, laquelle est indépendante du récepteur SLAM de la chèvre et de la réponse interféron type I. Le deuxième chapitre visait à développer un PPRV recombinant capable d’exprimer une luciférase par la génétique inverse. Diverses stratégies d’assemblage du génome entier du PPRV ont été établies pour l’obtention du clone d’ADNc avec le génome complet du PPRV. Cependant, le rescue a été impossible à réaliser et les raisons en sont discutées. Le dernier chapitre englobait l’évaluation des siRNA comme outils thérapeutiques contre un autre morbillivirus recombinant capable d’exprimer la luciférase, le virus de la rougeole (MV). Alors que sur les lignées cellulaires nous avons observé 100% d’activité antivirale des siRNA contre le rMV-luc, la validation in vivo, utilisant le modèle souris transgénique CD46 humain sensible à la rougeole, a échoué. Pour conclure, ce travail apporte des avancées sur le développement d’outils pour étudier la pathogenèse non seulement du PPRV mais aussi d’autres morbillivirus. / Morbillivirus genus, a non-segmented negative single-strand RNA (ssRNA) group of viruses, belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family and is currently composed of seven species responsible to highly contagious diseases. Morbillivirus infections cause significant mortality in humans, small ruminants, carnivores and in some marine mammals. The available vaccines against morbillivirus infections require usually 7-10 days to induce a protective immunity. After Rinderpest, the first animal disease successfully eradicated, peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is the next target for global eradication by 2030.The current vaccine based on the Nigeria 75/1 is fit for purpose for the eradication campaign. However, some improvements can be envisaged to increase efficacy, shorten the time to complete the eradication and reduce costs. For instance, the introduction of a positive/negative marker in the vaccine could allow the Discrimination between Infected and Vaccinated Animals (DIVA strategy), thus enabling the real-time parallel monitoring of infection and vaccination, and rapid elimination of infected animals. Another improvement could be the modification of the current vaccine by reverse genetics to insert a cassette expressing interfering RNA targeting virulent strains of PPR. This therapeutic vaccine would be useful in emergency situations to control the infection over the delay necessary for the acquisition of an efficient vaccine protection. In order to develop and test these new vaccine tools, there is a need for new cell or small animal models to limit experiments with farm animals. In this work, we contributed in the development of in vitro and in vivo murine models to study morbillivirus pathogenesis. The present document is divided in three main chapters: “Identification of a cell model to PPRV pathogenesis studies”; “Construction of a full-length cDNA clone of PPRV with a luciferase reporter gene” and “In vivo evaluation of small interfering RNA (siRNA) against morbilliviruses”. In the first chapter the mouse cell line 10T1/2 was challenged with attenuated and wild type PPRV strains using different conditions of goat SLAM expression and type I IFN response. The results showed a restricted permissiveness of 10T1/2 to wild type PPRV, which was independent of goat SLAM receptor and type I IFN response. The second chapter aimed to develop a recombinant PPRV expressing luciferase through reverse genetics methodology. Various strategies to assembling the PPRV genome were established reaching up to the full-length cDNA PPRV-luciferase construction. However, the rescue could not be achieved and the reasons for that are discussed. The last chapter encompassed the evaluation of siRNA as a prophylactic tool against another luciferase recombinant morbillivirus, the measles virus. In vitro and in vivo studies were performed with the recombinant MV (rMV-luc). Whereas in cell lines siRNA showed 100% of antiviral activity against rMV-luc, the validation in vivo, using a human CD46 transgenic mouse model susceptible to measles, failed. In conclusion, this work provides advancements in the development of tools for the study of the pathogenesis of PPRV and other morbilliviruses.
|
4 |
Molecular characterisation of peste des petits ruminants viruses in sheep and goats from NigeriaMantip, Samuel Elias Lashat January 2013 (has links)
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and genus
morbillivirus. It is a highly contagious, fatal and economically important viral disease of small
ruminants that is still endemic and militate against the production of sheep and goats in
Nigeria. It is a notifiable disease according to the World Organization for Animal Health
(Office International des Epizooties). In this study, a molecular analysis of PPRV from sheep
and goats from recent outbreaks across the different regions of Nigeria was carried out. The
aim was to describe the viral strains and the movement of the virus within the country
compared to other endemic areas of the world. This was carried out through tissue and
swab samples collected from sheep and goats in various agro-ecological zones of
Nigeria.The evolution and relationship of earlier PPRV strains/isolates and those circulating
and causing recent outbreaks was determined by sequencing of the nucleoprotein (N)-gene.
Twenty tissue and swab samples from apparently healthy and sick sheep and goats were
collected randomly from each of three states of each of the six agro-ecological zones visited.
A total of 360 samples were collected. A total of 35 samples of 360 (9.7 %) tested positive by
RT-PCR, of which 25 were from oculo-nasal swabs and 10 were from tissue samples (Table
4.2). Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using the N-gene sequences of the PPRV amplicons.
Alignment of the sequences and related sequences from GenBank and neighbor-joining
phylogenetic analysis using PAUP identified four different lineages, i.e. lineages I, II, III and
IV. Interestingly, the Nigerian strains described in this study grouped in two separate major
lineages i.e. lineages II and IV. Strains from Sokoto, Oyo, Plateau and Ondo states grouped
according to the historical distribution of PPRV together with the Nigerian 75/1 strain of
lineage II, while other strains from Sokoto, Oyo, Plateau, Akwa-Ibom, Adamawa, Kaduna,
Lagos, Bauchi, Niger and Kano states grouped together with the East-African and Asian
strains of lineage IV. This finding suggests that both lineages II and IV strains of PPRVs are circulating presently in Nigeria, contrary to an earlier publication which indicated that only
strains of lineage II were circulating in the country (Shamaki, 2002). / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Veterinary Tropical Diseases / unrestricted
|
5 |
Structural and functional interactions between measles virus nucleocapsid protein and cellular heat shock proteinZhang, Xinsheng 09 March 2004 (has links)
No description available.
|
6 |
Délivrance in vivo de siRNA et évaluation de leur effet antivirale contre le virus de la peste des petits ruminants (PPRV) / In vivo delivery of siRNA and evaluation of its antiviral effect against peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV)Nizamani, Zaheer Ahmed 03 December 2010 (has links)
L'interférence ARN est un processus biologique permettant la dégradation d'un ARN messager par un ARN double brin de courte taille spécifique de cet ARNm. Elle a un potentiel d'application en thérapie antivirale pour peu que les ARN interférents (ARNi) soient délivrés efficacement in vivo. Dans le genre Morbillivirus, on trouve des pathogènes importants en santé publique et vétérinaire tels que le virus de la rougeole et les virus de la peste des petits ruminants (PPR) et de la peste bovine. Il n'existe aucun traitement contre les infections à morbillivirus. L'objectif de ce travail était d'évaluer la possibilité d'administrer in vivo un ARNi actif contre le virus PPR in vitro. Une formulation basée sur des liposomes complexés avec des ARNi ou un adénovirus non réplicatif exprimant des ARN courts en tête d'épingle (shARN) ont été testés chez des chèvres dans un modèle d'épreuve infectieuse avec une souche virulente de PPR. Les différences observées n'étaient cependant pas significatives au plan statistique. Pour améliorer la délivrance par vecteur viral, nous avons comparé un autre vecteur de type baculovirus qui s'est avéré plus efficace in vitro que l'adénovirus précédent. Par ailleurs, nous avons testés in vitro également deux peptides capables de pénétrer dans les cellules. L'un d'entre eux, le Perfect 6 (PF6) a presque complètement inhibé l'expression du gène de la nucléoprotéine par le virus PPR. En revanche, l'autre (PF14) a été moins efficace mais a relativement mieux résisté à l'inhibition de son activité par la présence de fortes concentrations de sérum dans le milieu. Dans le but d'évaluer in vivo ces nouveaux systèmes de délivrance en s'affranchissant du modèle chèvre lourd et couteux à mettre en œuvre, nous avons initié une stratégie de mise au point d'un modèle non infectieux de suivi dynamique de l'interférence ARN chez la souris par imagerie in vivo. Dans ce travail, nous montrons qu'il est possible de mesurer et de standardiser l'expression d'un gène rapporteur comprenant une séquence du virus PPRV et ensuite de quantifier le niveau de dérégulation de l'expression induit par un ARNi dirigé contre le virus PPR. Après calibration, ce modèle est désormais pour tester différents systèmes de délivrance de siRNA chez la souris / RNA interference (RNAi) is the process of mRNA degradation that is induced by double-stranded RNA in a sequence-specific manner. RNAi has a potential of developing into an effective and specific antiviral therapy if small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can be efficiently delivered in vivo. Morbillivirus genus includes important pathogens of humans and animals, which include measles virus, peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) and rinderpest virus. No treatment exists for morbillivirus diseases. The aim of this work was the in vivo delivery of siRNA against PPRV infection. The delivery of siRNA by a liposome and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) by means of a replication deficient adenovirus was tested in goats which were later challenged with PPRV. However, significant therapeutic effects were not obtained. To find more efficient vectors, the PPRV inhibition efficiency of recombinant replication deficient adenovirus and a baculovirus expressing shRNA against nucleoprotein of PPRV were compared in vitro. The baculoviral vector was found to be more efficient. Similarly, two cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) were also compared and PepFect6 (PF6) could deliver siRNA NPPRV1 effectively in vitro resulting in an almost complete inhibition of N gene expression by PPRV. Another CPP, the PF14 though with lower transfection efficiency in vitro, was found to be relatively serum resistant compared to PF6. A small animal model for PPRV infection does not exist. Due to economic, ethical, and biosecurity issues involved with use of small ruminants, a strategy based on the use of a non-infectious mouse model and a dynamic follow up of siRNA treatment by live imaging was developed. We show in this work that it is possible to measure and standardize the expression of a bioluminescent reporter gene containing a PPRV sequence and thus, to quantify a down-regulation of such gene by siRNA against PPRV. After some calibration, siRNA delivery can now be tested in this mouse model for comparing various delivery vectors in vivo.
|
7 |
Parâmetros de estresse oxidativo em cães naturalmente infectados pelo vírus da cinomose / Oxidative stress parameters in dogs naturally infected with canine distemper virusCurtis, Andressa Oliveira de 04 March 2013 (has links)
Canine distemper disease is a severe multisystem disease that affects the respiratory, hemolymphatic, gastrointestinal and neurological systems. The lesions induced by replication of canine distemper virus (CDV) produce an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate parameters of oxidative stress by measuring the lipid peroxidation through the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the activity of the enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in dogs naturally infected with distemper virus. In this study we used 33 animals positive for CDV, attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) and 21 clinically healthy animals were used as control. For the confirmation of the diagnosis RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction) was performed in samples of rectal swab and/or serum. This study demonstrated a significant difference in lipid peroxidation, SOD and CAT activities in the analyzed groups, suggesting the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the disease. / A cinomose canina é uma doença multissistêmica grave, que afeta os sistemas respiratório, hemolinfático, gastrointestinal e neurológico. As lesões induzidas pela replicação do vírus da cinomose canina (VCC) produzem um aumento das espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs), que levam a um quadro de estresse oxidativo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar parâmetros de estresse oxidativo através da mensuração da peroxidação lipídica através das substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e da atividade das enzimas catalase (CAT), superóxido dismutase (SOD) em cães naturalmente infectados com o vírus da cinomose. Neste estudo, foram utilizados 33 animais positivos para o VCC, provenientes do atendimento da rotina do Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) e 21 animais clinicamente sadios como controle. Para a confirmação do diagnóstico da doença a técnica de RT-PCR (Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase pela Transcriptase Reversa) foi realizada em amostras de swab retal e/ou soro. Este estudo demonstrou que houve diferença significativa na peroxidação lipídica, atividades da SOD e CAT entre grupos analisados, sugerindo o envolvimento do estresse oxidativo na patogênese desta doença.
|
8 |
Dynamique de l’émergence in vitro des mutants d’échappement du virus de la peste des petits ruminants (PPRV) face à l’activité ARN interférente ciblant le gène de la nucléoprotéine : implications pour les stratégies thérapeutiques / Dynamics of the in vitro emergence of escape mutants of the peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) to interfering RNAs targeting the nucleoprotein gene : implications for therapeuticsHolz Correia, Carine Lidiane 04 November 2011 (has links)
Les membres du genre Morbillivirus, famille Paramyxoviridae sont responsables de graves maladies chez l'homme et les animaux, comme la rougeole, la peste bovine (RP) et la peste des petits ruminants (PPR). Malgré l'existence de vaccins efficaces contre ces maladies, des traitements spécifiques sont souhaitables. L'inhibition de la réplication de ces virus peut-être acquise par interférence ARN (ARNi), un mécanisme d'inhibition post-transcriptionnel déclenché par des séquences courtes d'ARN double-brin (siARN). Le CIRAD a précédemment identifié 3 siARNs ciblant des régions conservées du gène de la nucléoprotéine virale capables d'inhiber au moins 80% de la réplication in vitro des virus de la rougeole, de la RP et de la PPR. Cependant, un problème majeur dans la stratégie d'ARNi est le risque d'apparition de virus résistants. Dans cette étude, nous avons évalué le risque d'apparition de mutants d'échappement du virus de la PPR sous pression de sélection de 3 siARNs appliqués seul ou en association après plusieurs transfections successives in vitro. Excepté pour la combinaison des 3 siARNs, le virus a échappé à l'ARNi après 3 à 20 passages consécutifs, avec des mutations simples ou multiples (synonymes ou pas) ou une délétion de 6 nucléotides dans la zone cible des siARN. Ces résultats mettent en évidence une plasticité génomique inattendue des morbillivirus surtout illustrée par cette délétion non-délétère d'une partie significative d'un gène viral essentiel, qui devrait être considérée comme un obstacle à l'utilisation de l'ARNi comme thérapie antivirale. Cependant, l'utilisation combinée de 3 siARNs peut être proposée pour diminuer le risque d'échappement aux siARNs. / Viruses in the genus Morbillivirus, within the family Paramyxoviridae are responsible for severe humans and animal diseases, including measles, rinderpest (RP) and peste des petits ruminants (PPR). In spite of the existence of efficient vaccines against these diseases, specific treatments to be applied when the infection is already present are desirable. Inhibition of morbillivirus replication can be achieved by RNA interference (RNAi), a mechanism of post-transcriptional gene silencing triggered by small double-stranded RNA (siRNA). The CIRAD previously identified three siRNAs that target conserved regions of the essential gene encoding the viral nucleoprotein and are able to prevent in vitro at least 80% of the replication of measles, RP and PPR viruses . However, a major problem in RNAi is the important risk of emergence of escape mutants. In this study, we investigated the ability of PPR virus to escape the inhibition conferred by single or multiple siRNAs after several consecutive transfections in vitro. Except with the combination of the three different siRNAs, the virus systematically escaped RNAi after 3 to 20 consecutive passages. The mutations were characterized by either single or multiple punctual nucleotide mutations (synonymous or not) or a deletion of a stretch of 6 nucleotides into the siRNA target. These results demonstrate that the genomic plasticity of morbilliviruses, illustrated maily by this significant and no-deleterious deletion in an essential viral gene, should be considered as an obstacle to the use of RNAi in antiviral therapy. However, the combined use of three siRNAs can be proposed to prevent treatment failure with siRNAs.
|
9 |
In Vitro Growth, Receptor Usage and Pathogenesis of Feline Morbillivirus in the Natural HostNikolin, Veljko, Sobreda Doi, Leticia Hatsue, Sieg, Michael, Busch, Johannes, Böttcher, Denny, Tedeschi, Laurence, Poulard, Amelie, Staszewski, Vincent, Vahlenkamp, Thomas, Poulet, Herve 27 October 2023 (has links)
Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) is a recently discovered virus belonging to the genus Morbillivirus of the virus family Paramyxoviridae. Often, the virus has been detected in urine of cats
with a history of urinary disease and has a worldwide distribution. Currently, it is unclear which
receptor the virus uses to enter the target cells. Furthermore, many aspects of FeMV biology in vivo,
including tissue tropism, pathogenesis, and virus excretion in the natural host remain unclear. In this
study we analyzed the replication of FeMV in various cell lines. Secondly, we tested if the presence
of feline SLAMF1 (Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule family 1/CD150, principal entry
receptor for other members of the Morbillivirus genus) improved FeMV replication efficiency in vitro.
Finally, to elucidate in vivo biology in cats, as a natural host for FeMV, we experimentally infected
a group of cats and monitored clinical symptoms, viremia, and excretion of the virus during the
course of 56 days. Our study showed that FeMV shares some features with other morbilliviruses
like the use of the SLAMF1 receptor. For the first time, experimental infection of SPF cats showed
that FeMV does not induce an acute clinical disease like other morbilliviruses but can induce lesions
in the kidneys, including tubulointerstitial nephritis. Further investigations are needed to confirm
the site and dynamics of replication of FeMV in the urinary tract and the longer-term impact of
FeMV-induced lesions on the renal function. Whether FeMV infection can result in chronic kidney
disease will require the monitoring of cats over a longer period.
|
10 |
Identification of Novel Feline Paramyxoviruses in Guignas (Leopardus guigna) from ChileSieg, Michael, Sacristán, Irene, Busch, Johannes, Terio, Karen A., Cabello, Javier, Hidalgo-Hermoso, Ezequiel, Millán, Javier, Böttcher, Denny, Heenemann, Kristin, Vahlenkamp, Thomas W., Napolitano, Constanza 21 April 2023 (has links)
The family of paramyxoviruses has received growing attention as several new species have been identified recently, notably two different clusters in domestic cats, designated as feline morbillivirus (FeMV) and feline paramyxovirus (FPaV). Their phylogenetic origin and whether wild felids also harbor these viruses are currently unknown. Kidney samples from 35 guignas (Leopardus guigna), a wild felid from Chile, were investigated for paramyxoviruses using consensus-RT-PCR. In addition, thirteen serum samples of guignas were screened for the presence of FeMV-specific antibodies by an immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Viral RNA was detected in 31% of the kidney samples. Phylogenetic analyses revealed two well-supported clusters, related to isolates from domestic cats, rodents and bats. No significant histopathology changes were recorded in infected guignas. Serology identified two samples which were positive for FeMV-specific antibodies. Our study highlights the diversity of paramyxovirus infections in felids with special emphasis on guignas from Chile.
|
Page generated in 0.0466 seconds