In our study, we examined the polymorphism of gene Ser2 from domesticated silkmoth Bombyx mori and its closest wild relative B. mandarina. As a starting material for our work, we used the restriction map of allele C isolated from hybrid lineages 200 and 300 of European silkmoth B. mori (Michaille et al. 1990a). We also used the published sequence of allele D which was isolated from {\clq}qDaizo`` p50 strain of B. mori (Kludkiewicz et al 2009). Based on the published sequence, we designed PCR primers and performed sequence analysis of 4 different alleles of gene Ser2, including the almost complete genomic sequence of allele C (except for two short regions containing repetitive DNA). We then compared the sequences and found that the alleles differ significantly not only in intron lengths and the sizes of exon 9, but also in exon arrangements. While the allele C contains 12 exons (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8a, 9, 10, 11, 8b), the alelle D and other alleles analysed have 13 exons (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9a, 10a, 9b, 10b, 11). Allele C showed very unique arrangement of exons, which suggested that it may represent an ancestral form of Ser2 gene. We analysed the arrangment of exons located at the 3´end of the Ser2 gene by PCR and electrophoresis in 70 available strains of B. mori and B. mandarina. We also tried to find a similar allele to the allele C and we amplified and sequenced 2 kb region from 55 Bombyx strains. Phyllogenetic analysis of gene Ser2 gene suggested that the C allele of now probably extinct European silkmoth hybrids 200 and 300 does not seem to be an ancestral form of Ser2 gene, but it rather seems to be the result of complex secondary rearrangements.

No description available.

No description available.

Composite materials reinforced with particles or fibers are widely used in industrial applications due to their good mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Consequently, for the scientific community as well as the industry, an important challenge is to understand the relationship between the microstruture and the macroscopic response in order to design composite materials with optimised properties. In this thesis, we study a class of inclusion-reinforced multi-phase composites. Our main objective is to develop a micromechanical model and the corresponding numerical algorithms which enable the simulation of the rate-independent mechanical response. The proposed model is based on an incremental Hill-type formulation and uses the two-step Mori-Tanaka/Voigt mean-field homogenisation schemes. The crucial issues of the choice of reference comparison materials and Eshelby's tensor computation are examined In parallel, an experimental study consisting in four-point bending tests performed on plain concrete and steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) specimens, is carried out with the aim of achieving an appropriate modelling of SFRC, and collecting data for the validation of our model predictions. The accuracy and the efficiency of the proposed approach are evaluated through numerical simulations. Several discriminating tests of concrete, metal, and polymer matrix composites are carried out. A two-scale approach is developed in order to simulate, within reasonable CPU time and memory usage, the response of realistic structures under complex loadings. In many cases our estimates are validated against finite element computations and experimental results.

This thesis examines a mass-produced broadsheet printed during the Great Plague of London (1664-1666), which unites the textual modes of poetry and medical prescription with imagery and statistical tabulation, titled Londons Lord Have Mercy Upon Us. The central woodcut on the broadsheet presents a view of London as a bounded expansion, and relegates the images of death, particularly registered in the personification of Death, to the outskirts of the city. This visual separation of the city from the plague sick (and the plague dead) is most profoundly registered on the border of the broadsheet, which is adorned with momento mori imagery. The ordered presentation of the plague city is likewise established in the mortality tabulations on the sheet. These tabulations, which were culled from the contemporaneous London Bills of Mortality, make visible the extent of the disease in the city, while simultaneously linking the plague to the poor London suburbs. Of particular interest are the representation of faces on the broadsheet – the face of the dead, the face of Death and the face of the city – and how these images relate to the plague orders imposed on the city population by the Corporation of London. These orders sought medically and legally to contain, and spatially to control, the larger social body of London through enacting a kind of erasure upon the identities of the sick and dead. These erasures registered themselves in material form as a kind of facelessness, a motif found on the figure of Death and in the skull-faces of the dead. This motif visually registers the various anxieties expressed towards the faces of the plague-sick by many contemporaries living in plague-London, an anxiety about those who visibly displayed the signs of their contagion and, more threatening still, about those who were asymptomatic. An increasing understanding of the plague as both visible and controllable in the early modern city of London was continuously being challenged by the conflicting belief that plague was a disease of invisible extension and manifestation. This variance is deeply registered in the ambiguous depiction of the plague-dead in the frame of the sheet.

Texte remanié de : Thèse de doctorat : Philologie romane : Sienne, Université de : 2005 : Gui de Mori e il rimaneggiamento del Roman de la Rose : edizione critica della parte di Jean de Meun. / L'ouvrage porte par erreur l'ISSN 0770-7258. Bibliogr. p. [63]-69. Notes bibliogr. Glossaire. Index.

No description available.

This thesis examines a mass-produced broadsheet printed during the Great Plague of London (1664-1666), which unites the textual modes of poetry and medical prescription with imagery and statistical tabulation, titled Londons Lord Have Mercy Upon Us. The central woodcut on the broadsheet presents a view of London as a bounded expansion, and relegates the images of death, particularly registered in the personification of Death, to the outskirts of the city. This visual separation of the city from the plague sick (and the plague dead) is most profoundly registered on the border of the broadsheet, which is adorned with momento mori imagery. The ordered presentation of the plague city is likewise established in the mortality tabulations on the sheet. These tabulations, which were culled from the contemporaneous London Bills of Mortality, make visible the extent of the disease in the city, while simultaneously linking the plague to the poor London suburbs. Of particular interest are the representation of faces on the broadsheet – the face of the dead, the face of Death and the face of the city – and how these images relate to the plague orders imposed on the city population by the Corporation of London. These orders sought medically and legally to contain, and spatially to control, the larger social body of London through enacting a kind of erasure upon the identities of the sick and dead. These erasures registered themselves in material form as a kind of facelessness, a motif found on the figure of Death and in the skull-faces of the dead. This motif visually registers the various anxieties expressed towards the faces of the plague-sick by many contemporaries living in plague-London, an anxiety about those who visibly displayed the signs of their contagion and, more threatening still, about those who were asymptomatic. An increasing understanding of the plague as both visible and controllable in the early modern city of London was continuously being challenged by the conflicting belief that plague was a disease of invisible extension and manifestation. This variance is deeply registered in the ambiguous depiction of the plague-dead in the frame of the sheet.

Submitted by Cibele Nogueira (cibelenogueira@ufgd.edu.br) on 2017-03-28T17:50:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 VANESSACALADO.pdf: 588287 bytes, checksum: 103bd85396851ece5815763aae21b26d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-28T17:50:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 VANESSACALADO.pdf: 588287 bytes, checksum: 103bd85396851ece5815763aae21b26d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-16 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The endoparasitoid Trichospilus diatraeae Margabandhu & Cherian, 1942 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is parasites mainly pupae of Lepidoptera. Its potential as a biological control agent is not connected in Brazil. For this reason, this research aimed to evaluate the viability of the pupae of Bombyx mori Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) as an alternative host for T. diatraeae to optimize its creation in the laboratory. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Entomology / Biological Control, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados. Initially, we evaluated the development of T. diatraeae in hosts B.mori and Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Twelve pupae of B. mori and D. saccharalis, 72 and 24 hours old respectively and were exposed to parasitism by 21 female parasitoids. The duration of the life cycle of T. diatraeae was 19.44 ± 0.12 and 18.00 ± 0.05 days in pupae of D. saccharalis and B. mori, respectively, with 100% parasitism in both host and 66.6 and 75% emergence of the progeny of the parasitoid pupae of D. saccharalis and B. mori respectively. The progeny of T. diatraeae was 354.50 ± 43.21 and 469.11 ± 15.19 per pupa of D. saccharalis and B. mori, respectively. T. diatraeae shows good development in pupae of D. saccharalis and B. mori in the laboratory. Subsequently we estimated the density of female T. diatraeae created in pupae of B. mori. For this, the pupae of B. mori with 72 hours of age were exposed to parasitism by females of T. diatraeae 24 to 48 hours old, for 24 hours in parasitoid-host relationships 1:1, 14:1, 28:1, 56:1, 112:1 and 224:1, respectively, with 12 repetitions for each treatment. The percentage of parasitism of T. diatraeae in pupae of B. mori was 84% and 95% for the densities 1:1 and 56:1, respectively, and 100% for the others. The percentage of emergence of progeny ranged from 12% to 84% in the studied densities. The cycle of T. diatraeae was 24.20 ± 2.49 days and 20.00 ± 0.00 days at densities of 1:1 and 224:1, respectively. The density of 28 females of T. diatraeae by pupa of B. mori was the most suitable for rearing this parasitoid in the laboratory. Then we evaluated the effect of age of the pupae of B. mori on biological characteristics of T. diatraeae laboratory. Pupae of B. mori 24, 48, 72, 96 or 120 hours of age were exposed to parasitism by 28 females of T. diatraeae aged 24 to 48 hours of age for 24 hours and 12 replicates for each treatment. The percentage of parasitism of T. diatraeae in pupae of B. mori was 8.3% and 25% for pupae aged 24 and 48 hours respectively and 100% for the others. The percentage of emergence of progeny ranged from 0% to 91.6%. The cycle of T. diatraeae was 19.00 ± 0.00 days and 18.00 ± 0.35 days in the pupa ages of 48 and 120 hours respectively. Progeny pupa ranged from 277.00 ± 110.31 to 489.37 ± 255.40 descendants in the pupa ages of 48 and 120 hours respectively. Pupae of B. mori aged between 72 and 120 hours are better suited for creating T. diatraeae under laboratory conditions. We evaluated different temperatures on the development and parasitism of T. diatraeae in pupae of B. mori. Pupae of B. mori 72 hours old, were placed in separate glass vials with 28 females of T. diatraeae (24 to 48 hours old). The tubes containing the pupae with parasitoid females were transferred to a climatic chamber at temperatures of 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 or 31oC, 70 ± 10% relative humidity and photoperiod of 14 hours, respectively, where they were exposed to parasitism by 24 hours, with 12 repetitions for each treatment. The percentage of parasitism of T. diatraeae in pupae of B. mori was 91.6% for the temperatures of 16 and 19 ° C and 100% for the others. The percentage of emergence of progeny ranged from 0% to 58% for temperatures. The cycle of T. diatraeae was 60.00 ± 0.00 days and 15.71 ± 0.49 days at temperatures of 16 and 28 ° C, respectively. Progeny per pupa ranged from 23.00 ± 0.00 to 155.29 ± 86.80 offspring at temperatures of 16 and 28 ° C, respectively. T. diatraeae showed satisfactory development in pupae of B. mori at temperatures from 22 to 28 º C in the laboratory. These results contribute to the development of mass rearing techniques of T. diatraeae in pupae of B. mori and enables the use of natural enemies in biological control programs, especially the borer cane sugar D. saccharalis. / O endoparasitóide Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian & Margabandhu, 1942 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) possui hábito gregário e parasita principalmente pupas de Lepidoptera. Seu potencial como agente de controle biológico é pouco conecido no Brasil. Por este motivo, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade de pupas de Bombyx mori Linneaus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) como hospedeiro alternativo de T. diatraeae, visando otimizar sua criação em laboratório. Esta pesquisa foi conduzida no Laboratório de Entomologia/Controle Biológico da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados. Inicialmente, avaliou-se a criação de T. diatraeae nos hospedeiros B.mori e Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius,1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Doze pupas de B. mori e de D. saccharalis, de 72 e 24 horas de idade respectivamente e foram expostas ao parasitismo por 21 fêmeas parasitóides. A duração do ciclo de vida de T. diatraeae foi de 19,44 ± 0,12 e 18,00 ± 0,05 dias em pupas de D. saccharalis e B. mori, respectivamente, com 100% de parasitismo nos dois hospedeiros e 66,6 e 75% de emergência da progênie deste parasitóide em pupas de D. saccharalis e B. mori respectivamente. A progênie de T. diatraeae foi de 354,50 ± 43,21 e 469,11 ± 15,19 por pupa de D. saccharalis e B. mori, respectivamente. T. diatraeae apresenta bom desenvolvimento em pupas de D. saccharalis e de B. mori em laboratório. Posteriormente avaliou-se a densidade de fêmeas de T. diatraeae criado em pupas de B. mori. Para isso, pupas de B. mori com 72 horas de idade foram expostas ao parasitismo por fêmeas de T. diatraeae com 24 a 48 horas de idade, por 24 horas nas relações parasitóide-hospedeiro 1:1, 14:1, 28:1, 56:1, 112:1 ou 224:1, respectivamente, com 12 repetições para cada tratamento. A porcentagem de parasitismo de T. diatraeae em pupas de B. mori foi de 84% e 95% para as densidades 1:1 e 56:1, respectivamente e de 100% para as demais. A porcentagem de emergência de progênie variou de 12% a 84% nas densidades estudadas. A duração do ciclo de T. diatraeae foi de 24,20 ± 2,49 dias e de 20,00 ± 0,00 dias nas densidades de 1:1 e 224:1, respectivamente. A progênie por pupa variou de 37,60 ± 41,00 a 461,00 ± 0,00 descendentes por pupa, nas densidades de 1:1 e 224:1, respectivamente. A densidade de 28 fêmeas de T. diatraeae por pupa de B. mori foi a mais adequada para criação desse parasitóide em laboratório. Em seguida avaliou-se o efeito da idade de pupas de B. mori nas características biológicas de T. diatraeae em laboratório. Pupas de B. mori com 24, 48, 72, 96 ou 120 horas de idade, foram expostas ao parasitismo por 28 fêmeas de T. diatraeae com idade de 24 a 48 horas de idade por 24 horas e com 12 repetições, para cada tratamento. A porcentagem de parasitismo de T. diatraeae em pupas de B. mori foi de 8,3% e 25% para pupas com idades de 24 e 48 horas, respectivamente e de 100% para as demais. A porcentagem de emergência de progênie variou de 0% a 91,6%. A duração do ciclo de T. diatraeae foi de 19,00 ± 0,00 dias e de 18,00 ± 0,35 dias nas pupas com idades de 48 e 120 horas, respectivamente. A progênie por pupa variou de 277,00 ± 110,31 a 489,37± 255,40 descendentes nas pupas com idades de 48 e 120 horas, respectivamente. Pupas de B. mori com idades entre 72 a 120 horas são mais adequadas para criação de T. diatraeae em condições de laboratório. Avaliou-se diferentes temperaturas no parasitismo e desenvolvimento de T. diatraeae em pupas de B. mori. Pupas de B. mori com 72 horas de idade, foram individualizadas em tubos de vidro com 28 fêmeas de T. diatraeae (24 a 48 horas de idade). Os tubos contendo as pupas com as fêmeas parasitóides foram transferidos para câmaras climatizadas nas temperaturas de 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 ou 31oC, 70 ± 10% de umidade relativa e fotofase de 14 horas, respectivamente, onde foram expostas ao parasitismo por 24 horas, com 12 repetições para cada tratamento. A porcentagem de parasitismo de T. diatraeae em pupas de B. mori foi de 91,6% para as temperaturas de 16 e 19ºC e de 100% para as demais. A porcentagem de emergência de progênie variou de 0% a 58% para temperaturas testadas. A duração do ciclo de T. diatraeae foi de 60,00 ± 0,00 dias e de 15,71 ± 0,49 dias nas temperaturas de 16 e 28ºC, respectivamente. A progênie por pupa variou de 23,00 ± 0,00 a 155,29 ± 86,80 descendentes nas temperaturas de 16 e 28ºC, respectivamente. T. diatraeae apresentou desenvolvimento satisfatório em pupas de B. mori nas temperaturas de 22 a 28 ºC em laboratório. Esses resultados contribuem para o desenvolvimento de técnicas de criação em massa de T. diatraeae em pupas de B. mori e viabiliza o uso desse inimigo natural em programas de controle biológico, especialmente da broca-da-cana-de-açúcar D. saccharalis.

This thesis examines a mass-produced broadsheet printed during the Great Plague of London (1664-1666), which unites the textual modes of poetry and medical prescription with imagery and statistical tabulation, titled Londons Lord Have Mercy Upon Us. The central woodcut on the broadsheet presents a view of London as a bounded expansion, and relegates the images of death, particularly registered in the personification of Death, to the outskirts of the city. This visual separation of the city from the plague sick (and the plague dead) is most profoundly registered on the border of the broadsheet, which is adorned with momento mori imagery. The ordered presentation of the plague city is likewise established in the mortality tabulations on the sheet. These tabulations, which were culled from the contemporaneous London Bills of Mortality, make visible the extent of the disease in the city, while simultaneously linking the plague to the poor London suburbs. Of particular interest are the representation of faces on the broadsheet – the face of the dead, the face of Death and the face of the city – and how these images relate to the plague orders imposed on the city population by the Corporation of London. These orders sought medically and legally to contain, and spatially to control, the larger social body of London through enacting a kind of erasure upon the identities of the sick and dead. These erasures registered themselves in material form as a kind of facelessness, a motif found on the figure of Death and in the skull-faces of the dead. This motif visually registers the various anxieties expressed towards the faces of the plague-sick by many contemporaries living in plague-London, an anxiety about those who visibly displayed the signs of their contagion and, more threatening still, about those who were asymptomatic. An increasing understanding of the plague as both visible and controllable in the early modern city of London was continuously being challenged by the conflicting belief that plague was a disease of invisible extension and manifestation. This variance is deeply registered in the ambiguous depiction of the plague-dead in the frame of the sheet. / Arts, Faculty of / Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of / Graduate