Submitted by (ana.araujo@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-22T14:47:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Wellington Ferreira do Nascimento.pdf: 1352737 bytes, checksum: c5530d45410a097eff05898b4612b59f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-22T14:47:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wellington Ferreira do Nascimento.pdf: 1352737 bytes, checksum: c5530d45410a097eff05898b4612b59f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-12 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Rice is the primary food source in many developing countries in the world, primarily for those located in Asian. The Oryza genus has 24 species, but only two are cultivated: O. glaberrima Steud. in the West of Africa and O. sativa L. in all part of the world. Those species are naturally hydrophytes, however the evolutionary process they become adapted for many different ecosystems as lowland and upland. The breeding method used in the last decades increased the narrowing genetic base and the vulnerability of rice cultivation for plagues and diseases. However, it is necessary to use divergent genitors for development of new cultivars. In this context, the characterization of germplasm accesses from bank and collection could bring facilities in order to use them in breeding programs. The aim of this work was characterizer 146 accesses of upland rice Japanese by morphoagronomical traits in order to bring information that could bring facilities for chose genitors in rice breeding programs. In this case, the morphologic mark could give important information about genetic resource by simple, efficient and cheap way. There were studied 14 qualitative traits and 16 quantitative in a randomized blocks design experiment withthee replicates. For the 14 quantitative traits only two were not polymorphic and there was significative difference (P<0.05) for all 16 quantitative traits. The genetic variance was highest than environmental one and the heritability was higher than 80% for the evaluated characters. The genetic variation coefficient varied from 1.81 to 39.58 for different characteristics and b index was highest than 1 for all characters. The results showed that the rice access of UFRPE germplasm collection have great genetic variability and high potential for use in rice breeding programs. / O arroz é fonte primária de alimento em muitos países em desenvolvimento, principalmente naqueles situados no continente asiático. O gênero Oryza tem 24 espécies, mas apenas duas são cultivadas: a O. glaberrima Steud., cultivada no Oeste da África e da Ásia e O. sativa L., cultivada em todo mundo. Estas espécies são naturalmente hidrófilas,entretanto, o processo evolutivo tem levado sua adaptação às mais variadas condições ambientais, abrangendo desde ecossistemas de várzeas até ecossistemas de terras altas. Os métodos de melhoramento empregados nas últimas décadas têm ocasionado o estreitamento da base genética e conseqüente vulnerabilidade da cultura do arroz a pragas e doenças. Portanto, é necessário priorizar a utilização de parentais divergentes para o desenvolvimento de novas cultivares. Neste contexto, a caracterização de acessos disponíveis nos bancos e coleções de germoplasma pode viabilizar a melhor utilização dos mesmos em programas de melhoramento genético. Para tanto, a utilização de marcadores morfológicos disponibiliza informações à cerca dos recursos genéticos de maneira simples, eficiente e de baixo custo. Este trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar 146 acessos japoneses de arroz de terras altas mantidos na Coleção de Germoplasma da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), com base em caracteres morfoagronômicos, visando disponibilizar informações necessárias que poderão facilitar à escolha de genitores nos programas de melhoramento genético do arroz. Foram estudados 14 caracteres qualitativos e 16 quantitativos em um experimento delineado em blocos casualizados com três repetições. Em relação aos 14 caracteres qualitativos avaliados, apenas dois não foram polimórficos e houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) entre os acessos para todos os 16 caracteres quantitativos. A variância genética foi superior a ambiental e os coeficientes de herdabilidade média foram altos, superior a 80% para as variáveis analisadas. O coeficiente de variação genética variou de 1,81 a 39,58 dependendo da característica e o índice b foi superior a um para todos os caracteres. Os resultados mostraram que os acessos de arroz mantidos na Coleção de Germoplasma da UFRPE apresentam alta variabilidade genética e grande potencialidade para serem utilizados como fonte de genes em programas de melhoramento genético.

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-09-20T11:40:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rebeca Rocha Cardoso.pdf: 3507705 bytes, checksum: 7b8fdfe5d7395b5f99a73f29bccf1d05 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-20T11:40:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rebeca Rocha Cardoso.pdf: 3507705 bytes, checksum: 7b8fdfe5d7395b5f99a73f29bccf1d05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Red rice belongs to the same species of traditional rice (Oryza sativa L.) and was introduced in Brazil in the seventeenth century, when it became widely consumed in the country. In Brazil, the central zone of semi-arid northeastern region stands out as producer and consumer. This particular rice, rich in proteins, minerals and vitamins B1, differs from the traditional white rice, among other things, the kernel color, shape and composition, as well as longer cycle, pubescence and low productivity, the latter being aggravated by low selection due to limited cultivation. Morphological characterization and agronomic varieties of red rice and used in existing germplasm collections and seed banks is an important tool to be used in future breeding programs. Thus, as the goal of breeding is to rescue, preserve and generate genetic variability for crop areas is important to have knowledge of the characters of cultivated varieties from morphological and agronomic. Based on this importance, the present study was to characterize six varieties of red rice (Vermelho, Cáqui, MNA PB 0405, MNA PB 0728, MNA RN 0802 e MNA RN 0803) through morphological and agronomic, to obtain information to assist in the selection of rice varieties Red-promising and better use of available germplasm. There was green leaf color, pubescence average limbo aurícolas of pale green, ligules colorless, erect flag leaf, straw-yellow color in the glumes, lemma and palea hairy, absence of awns and easy shattering, tall and panicle averages in all varieties, straw color of palea and lemma and apiculus grain, caryopsis red and half-elongated grains in most varieties. The varieties MNA PB 0728, MNA RN 0802 and Cáqui belong to the class of long grain, MNA PB 0405 to medium grain, while the varieties Vermelho and MNA RN 0803 to the class of mixed grains. The seeds of all varieties have translucent and chalky endosperm. The varieties MNA PB 0405, MNA RN 0802 and MNA RN 0803 were the varieties with high germination percentage. Only varietie MNA RN 0803 show germination above the minimum limits allowed. / O arroz-vermelho pertence à mesma espécie do arroz tradicional (Oryza sativa L.) e foi introduzido no Brasil no século XVII, quando passou a ser bastante consumido no país. No Brasil, a zona central do semiárido nordestino se destaca como região produtora e consumidora. Este arroz especial, rico em proteínas, sais minerais e vitaminas B1, se diferencia do arroz branco tradicional, entre outros aspectos, pela coloração dos grãos, forma e composição, além do ciclo mais longo, pubescência e baixa produtividade, agravada pela baixa seleção devido ao cultivo limitado. A caracterização morfológica e agronômica de variedades de arroz-vermelho utilizadas e existentes em coleções de germoplasma e bancos de sementes é uma ferramenta importante para ser usada em futuros programas de melhoramento genético. Assim, como o objetivo do melhoramento genético é resgatar, preservar e gerar variabilidade genética para as áreas de cultivo é importante que se tenha conhecimento dos caracteres das variedades cultivadas, a partir de caracterização morfológica e agronômica. Com base nesta importância, o presente trabalho foi realizado visando caracterizar seis variedades de arroz-vermelho (Vermelho, Cáqui, MNA PB 0405, MNA PB 0728, MNA RN 0802 e MNA RN 0803) através de descritores morfológicos e agronômicos e qualidade fisiológica de sementes, visando obter informações que auxiliem na seleção de variedades de arroz-vermelho promissoras e na melhor utilização do germoplasma disponível. Verificou-se cor da folha verde, pubescência média do limbo, aurícolas de cor verde-clara, lígulas incolores, folha bandeira de postura ereta, cor amarelo-palha nas glumelas, lema e pálea pilosa, ausência de aristas e fácil degrane, porte alto e panículas médias em todas as variedades, cor palha da lema e pálea e do apículo do grão, cor vermelha da cariopse e grãos meio-alongados na maioria das variedades. As variedades MNA PB 0728, MNA RN 0802 e Cáqui pertencem à classe de grãos longos, MNA PB 0405 a de grãos médios, enquanto as variedades Vermelho e MNA RN 0803 à classe de grãos misturados. As sementes de todas as variedades estudadas possuem endosperma translúcido e farináceo. As variedades MNA PB 0405, MNA RN 0802 e MNA 0803 foram as variedades com maiores porcentagens de germinação. Apenas a variedade MNA RN 0803 apresentou germinação acima dos limites mínimos permitidos.

Le système ostéocytaire soulève un intérêt croissant depuis quelques années car il est joue un rôle important dans l'adaptation de l'os. Le système ostéocytaire est inclus dans un réseau poreux dénommé le réseau lacuno-canaliculaire (LCN). L’observation du système ostéocytaire est difficile car les ostéocytes sont profondément enfouies dans la matrice osseuse et difficilement accessible par les techniques optiques. Récemment l’équipe de Creatis a montré la faisabilité d’imager le LCN en 3D grâce à la micro tomographie par rayonnement synchrotron. Toutefois, il n’existe actuellement pas de méthodes d’analyse permettant de quantifier, de façon automatique, le réseau lacuno-canaliculaire en 3D. L’objectif de cette thèse était de développer des méthodes d’analyse d’images permettant d’extraire des paramètres quantitatifs sur le réseau lacuno-canaliculaire. La première partie, consacrée à l’état de l’art. Le chapitre 1 présente les objectifs de ce travail. Le chapitre 2 rappelle les éléments de base sur le tissu osseux et présente les caractéristiques du réseau lacuno-canaliculaire. Le chapitre 3 présente les différentes méthodes d’imagerie utilisées jusqu’à présent pour étudier le réseau lacuno-canaliculaire. Le chapitre 4 présente l’état de l’art sur les paramètres qui sont classiquement utilisés pour caractériser le réseau lacuno-canaliculaire. La seconde partie est consacrée aux contributions de ce travail. Le chapitre 5 présente les deux systèmes expérimentaux de l’ESRF sur lesquels des images d’échantillons osseux ont été acquises. Le chapitre 6 décrit la méthode développée pour la quantification des lacunes ostéocytaires à partir d’images à l’échelle micrométrique. Elle propose de calculer des paramètres issus des moments géométriques ainsi que des paramètres basés sur la notion de volumes intrinsèques. Les méthodes sont appliquées à une série de 13 échantillons acquis en collaboration avec le Laboratoire d’Imagerie Paramétrique, Paris. Les résultats obtenus sont comparés et discutés par rapport à ceux de la littérature. Le chapitre 7 décrit la quantification des canalicules reliant les ostéocytes à partir d’images à l’échelle sous-micrométrique. En particulier, nous nous sommes intéressées à estimer le nombre de canalicules issues d’une lacune ostéocytaire, paramètre encore jamais mesuré en 3D. L’évolution de ce paramètre en fonction de la distance au centre de la lacune a permis de mettre en évidence et de quantifier la ramification des canalicules. Le chapitre 8 propose l’application des méthodes développées à une série d’échantillons acquis en collaboration le groupe de Sharmila Majumdar à l’université de San Francisco. Dans ce chapitre, nous avons travaillé sur une nouvelle méthode de segmentation du réseau lacuno-canaliculaire basée sur une méthode de chemins géodésiques. Les premiers résultats acquis sur 8 échantillons humains d’âges différents sont présentés. Finalement, le chapitre 9 conclut ce travail et présente des perspectives. / The osteocyte system has raised increasing interest in the recent years, since it is hypothesized to play an important role in orchestrating bone adaptation through mechanosensation and bone mechanotransduction mechanism. The osteocytes are deeply buried within the bone matrix, where their bodies are encysted in cavities called lacunae and their stellular processes are enclosed in tunnels called canaliculi. Together, they formed the lacuno-canalicular network (LCN). The geometry of the LCN is of importance since it is supposed to potentially affect and reflect the viability of the osteocyte and is supposed to be related to biomechanical constraints at the cell level. However, studying the LCN is quite challenging, due to limitations in an ideal imaging modality and the lack of quantitative analysis tools. In this thesis, we propose computational efficient and automated methods to quantify the 3D morphological properties of the LCN from synchrotron radiation (SR) micro / nano-CT images. For image acquisition, we used the SR micro/nano-CT setups installed on beamlines ID19 and ID22 at ESRF. A series of human cortical samples were imaged with spatial resolutions ranging between 3.5 µm to 60 nm. For the 3D assessment of lacunae, we used an image moment-based approach to calculate the volume, length, width, height and anisotropy of each osteocyte lacuna. We employed a fast algorithm to further calculate the surface area, the Euler number and the SMI of each lacuna. Validation of segmentation and experimental results on 13 bone samples are presented. For the 3D assessment of canaliculi, we propose a method to quantify the canalicular ramification around each lacuna. After segmentation, our method first labels each lacuna from the LCN. Then, a signature of the numbers of canaliculi at different distances from the lacunar surface is estimated through the calculation of topological parameters. Validation of this method and statistical results a large 3D SR micro-CT image of a human femoral bone sample are reported. We also improved the segmentation of the canaliculi and illustrated the feasibility of the application on a series of bone samples. We investigated a segmentation approach based on minimum cost paths and geodesic voting. A parallel computation scheme was implemented to reduce the computation times. The LCN was characterized by using the previous methods. Besides, we introduced the parameters from the Voronoi tessellation. Statistical results are reported on 8 large 3D micro-CT images, including around a hundred lacunae and the canaliculi. Future works will concern the improvement of canaliculi segmentation of from images at 300 nm as well as its evaluation and further characterization of LCN from SR CT images at both 300 nm and 50 nm. This work opens many perspectives for a better knowledge of the physiopathology of bone at the cellular scale.