Ohälsosamma levnadsvanor är ett växande problem i dagens samhälle. Följdsjukdomar uppkommer som hade kunnat förebyggas. Motiverande samtal är en metod som används av distriktssköterskor idag, som handlar om att få patienten att skapa en förändring genom egen motivation. Distriktssköterskan ska genom reflektivt lyssnande återge patientens tankar och föra en dialog angående problemet. Problem är ofta långt gångna innan vård söks, vilket påvisar bristen av hälsoprevention. Syftet med studien är att beskriva distriktssköterskans upplevelse av att arbeta hälsofrämjande med motiverande samtal som metod. Studiens design är kvalitativ med induktiv ansats. Data samlades in genom att intervjua åtta distriktssköterskor. Materialet analyserades utifrån kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Det framkom två huvudkategorier och åtta underkategorier.   I den första huvudkategorin, som handlar om förutsättningar för motiverande samtal som metod, påvisas att det motiverande samtalet är en användbar metod vid förändring av levnadsvanor. Distriktssköterskorna upplevde att uppföljning var en viktig del i användningen av metoden. De upplevde även att det motiverande samtalet var tidskrävande eftersom resultat inte sågs direkt, det kunde ta månader till år. I den andra huvudkategorin, som handlar om holistiskt förhållningssätt i det hälsofrämjande mötet, påvisas vikten av att få patienten delaktig och att lyckas motivera till en förändring av ohälsosamma levnadsvanor, även i de fall patienten inte själv ännu är motiverad. Av distriktssköterskorna upplevdes det också som viktigt att patienten själv skulle komma fram till sina mål för att lyckas och att det inom vissa grupper i samhället ses som svårare att använda motiverande samtal. I diskussionen diskuteras det motiverande samtalets applicerbarhet, vikten av att prioritera metoden och att hela primärvårdens verksamhet arbetar efter samma mål.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:30:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vieira_rm_me_mar.pdf: 689595 bytes, checksum: d14f48dce91d327c8571a866224ec862 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A partir de meados da década de 70, a reestruturação produtiva desencadeada em vários países do mundo reconfigurou alguns elementos relacionados ao controle prático e subjetivo dos trabalhadores. Tais elementos se manifestaram em estratégias como a administração participativa, os Círculos de Controle de Qualidade (CCQs) e todos os seus congêneres com o objetivo de readequar a força de trabalho em torno das novas estratégias produtivas. Para quebrar a resistência dos trabalhadores quanto à implementação de tais elementos, foram desenvolvidas novas técnicas de cooptação de trabalhadores, dentre as quais se encontra o objeto deste trabalho: a motivação profissional. Para operacionalizá-la, tanto no contexto intrafábrica como extrafábrica foi criada a figura do líder motivador, que passou a ocupar a função de articulador da ideologia motivacional. O objetivo é arquitetar e colocar em prática mecanismos psicológicos de pseudo identificação entre trabalhadores e suas respectivas funções profissionais, na tentativa de motivá-los a adotarem uma postura participativa no processo produtivo de modo a ampliar a exploração da força de trabalho em nome da acumulação de capital. No entanto, a rigor, ao promover uma “motivação” fetichizada através de meras categorias abstratas distantes da realidade concreta, este tipo de ideologia só ampliou - e tem ampliado - a distância entre o trabalhador e o elemento que o efetiva enquanto ser genérico: o trabalho livre e autoconsciente / From the mid-70s, the restructuring process initiated in several countries of the world reconfigured some elements related to the practical and subjective control of workers. Such elements were manifested in strategies such as participatory management, the Quality Control Circles (QCC) and all its counterparts in order to readjust the work force around the new production strategies. To break the resistance of workers in the implementation of such elements, new techniques were developed to co-opt workers, among which is the object of this work: the professional motivation. To operationalize it, both in intrafactory and extrafactory context, was established the leading figure of the motivator, who has occupied the role of ideology motivating articulator. The objective is to architect and implement mechanisms for pseudo psychological identification between workers and their respective duties, in order to motivate them to adopt a approaching stance in the production process in order to expand the exploitation of labor in name of the capital accumulation. However, indeed, by promoting a motivation fetishized by mere abstract categories distant from concrete reality, this kind of ideology only expanded - and has expanded - the distance between the worker and the element that effective him as generic being: the free and self-conscious work

Youth with disabilities experience significant vocational and social hardships. Self-determination, self-efficacy, and critical consciousness are important components of positive post-secondary outcomes for this population. The purpose of this study was to design, implement, and evaluate a motivational interviewing-based group career intervention (MEGI) that focused on increasing self-determination, self-efficacy, and critical consciousness among high school students with high incidence disabilities. A mixed methods research design was used to explore the relationship between the intervention and the main study variables. A total of 135 high school students and nine interventionists participated in this study. The results of a latent change score model indicated a positive and significant change in students' vocational skills self-efficacy, self-determination, and vocational outcome expectations. Thematic results of student focus group indicated that students experienced an increase in self-determination, awareness of systemic effects on their educational and vocational success, and uncertainty about the future. Additionally, thematic results of the interventionist focus group indicated an increase in students' self-understanding.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common pediatric chronic illnesses. Glycemic control among patients with T1D often deteriorates during adolescence; yet little is known about the most effective way for providers to communicate with adolescents to prevent this decline. Given the importance of effective communication, examination of effective patient-provider communication strategies is needed. The current investigation used Motivational Interviewing (MI) as a framework to help characterize naturally-occurring adolescent patient-provider communication in medical encounters and examined the relations between provider communication and T1D self-management and control. Participants were five pediatric endocrine providers and 55 adolescents with T1D (49% female; 76% White; M age= 14.8 years, SD= 1.6). Mean T1D duration was 7.9 years (SD= 3.9) and mean baseline HbA1c was 8.58% (SD= 1.4). Adolescents and caregivers completed surveys related to diabetes self-management and psychosocial functioning at a routine endocrinology visit and again at one and three months post-baseline. Medical encounters were audio-recorded and coded. HbA1c was obtained via medical chart review at baseline, three, and six month appointments. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that, after controlling for prior MI training (providers) and adolescent baseline HbA1c, age, and race, use of MI non-adherent behavior (e.g., confronting, persuading) was associated with 1) poorer three month HbA1c, F(5,45)= 11.19, p < .001; R2 = .554 and 2) worse adolescent diabetes adherence, F(5, 46)= 9.86, p < .001; R2= .517. MI non-adherent behavior emerged as a significant predictor in each model, t(45)= 2.13,p = .038, β = .242 and t(46) = -2.39, p= .021, β= -.300, respectively. A mediation analysis determined that patient self-efficacy for diabetes self-management mediated the relation between the use of these MI non-adherent behaviors and lower diabetes adherence. In TalkT1me, providers’ overreliance on persuasion and confronting adolescents about the risks of non-adherence was paradoxically associated with poorer glycemic control and adherence. Certain communication techniques that are inconsistent with MI, like confronting or persuading, appear to have a negative impact on diabetes self-care and HbA1c. Results from this evaluation of naturally occurring communication can help guide targeted training efforts to enhance communication and improve diabetes self-care with these vulnerable patients.

The motivational climate, as defined by parents’ behaviors, and athletes’ goal orientations are essential in understanding children’s experiences with sport. The purpose of this study was to examine the perceived motivational climate created by parents, and its relationship to psychological outcomes experienced by adolescent male athletes in youth sports. In particular, the parent created task climate was examined through its influence on goal orientation and subsequently to psychological outcomes experienced in sport, specifically, sport competence, self-esteem, enjoyment, and intention to continue participating in sport. Participants were 405 8th grade male athletes (mean age = 13.5); (Sample A: n = 205; Sample B: n = 200). As expected, the task-oriented parent initiated motivational climate was associated with the boys’ mastery goal orientation. Participants with higher mastery goal orientation had greater sport competence, self-esteem, and more enjoyment in sport. Intention to continue playing sport was predicted primarily by their level of enjoyment, and secondarily by their increased feelings of self-esteem.

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Samtidigt som universitetsstudier förutsätts av att förhålla sig till deadlines visar uppskattningar att 80 till 95 procent av universitetsstudenter prokrastinerar, förhalar studierna, vilket kan påverka både studieprestation och välbefinnande negativt. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om faktorerna i Temporal Motivational Theory (TMT): förväntan, värde, känslighet för fördröjning och fördröjning kunde predicera prokrastinering hos studenter. Detta utifrån hypotesen om att hög förväntan och högt värde leder till minskad prokrastinering, samtidigt som hög känslighet för fördröjning och hög fördröjning leder till ökad prokrastinering. En enkät genomfördes av 165 studenter vid Linnéuniversitetet. Multipel regressionsanalys användes där faktorerna tillsammans kunde visa 54,9 procent förklarad varians, där känslighet för fördröjning och fördröjning hade störst effekt. Sammantaget hade dels värde betydelse, där sådant som väckte känslor av olust eller obehag förhalades. Känslighet för fördröjning och fördröjning hade också betydelse, där egenskaperna impulsivitet, distraherbarhet och bristande självkontroll ledde till mer förhalning desto längre bort en deadline var i tid. Däremot hade förväntan, en individs tro på den egna förmågan, ingen signifikant effekt på prokrastinering. / University studies implies a need for students to meet deadlines. At the same time, estimates indicate that 80 to 95 percent of university students procrastinate, postpone studies, which can negatively affect both academic performance and well-being. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the factors of Temporal Motivational Theory (TMT): expectancy, value, sensitivity to delay and delay could predict procrastination in students. This is based on the hypothesis that high expectancy and high value results in reduced procrastination, while high sensitivity to delay and high delay lead to increased procrastination. A survey was completed by 165 students at Linnaeus University. Multiple regression analysis was used where the factors together showed 54.9 percent explained variance, where sensitivity to delay and delay had the greatest effect. Overall, value was important, where tasks that aroused feelings of displeasure or discomfort were postponed. Sensitivity to delay and delay also mattered, with the traits of impulsivity, distractibility and lack of self-control leading to more procrastination the further away a deadline was in time. In contrast, expectancy, an individual's belief in one's own ability, had no significant effect on procrastination.

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