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Title: Problematics of motivation and aggressivity in sports Objectives: Main target of my diploma thesis is to test selfdetermination of individuals participating in sports, their motivations and motivation factors which are connected to aggressivity, by using the questionnaire method. Methods: Datas for research were collected from quantitativ questionaire, which was a compilation of three standard questinnaires, their Czech version used in psychology. A questionnaire called Sport motivation scale - 6 was used to measure selfdetermination, a questionnaire called Percetion of Success Questionaire was used to measure the motivational orientation and a questionnaire called The Buss - Perry Aggression Questionaire was used to measure different dimensions of aggressivity. Results: Results of selfdetermination measured on sportsmen of UK FTVS prove the general hypothesis of high contribution of intrinsic motivation and very low participation of amotivation for any individuals participating in sports. Higherst values measured we got for integrated regulation, which is the most intrinsic form of external motivation. Results of motivational orientation of respondents show clearly dominance of motivational orientation toward the target rather than toward ego. The highest measured value of different forms...

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The aim of this essay is to give an overview of the topic of intrinsic motivation based on psychological an neuroimaging research. More specifically, the objective is to give an overview of the various benefits of intrinsic motivation, discuss its relationship to extrinsic rewards, and review the existing neuroimaging research that has explicitly explored intrinsic motivatoin. A positive relationship betweeen intrinsic motivation and persistence, conceptual learning, creativity, and both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being has been demonstrated. A wealth of studies has shown that extrinsic rewards undermine intrinsic motivation, while the validity of these findings has been debated. Initial neuroimaging studies concerning the neural basis of intrinsic motivation have been conducted, showing unique activations in the intrinsic motivation conditions in e.g. the anterior precuneus and the right insular cortex. Conceptual and methodological problems have been discussed, and it is suggested that the neuroscientific findings mentioned above can be interpreted in terms of the neural distinction between wanting and liking, rather than in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and that psychological research can draw on neuroscientific findings in order to make its research more precise.

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The primary purpose of this study was to examine the role of motivation in the treatment of individuals hospitalized for severe OCD, specifically, the extent to which an individual’s motivation for treatment and motivational orientation (intrinsic or extrinsic motivation) predict OCD treatment response. The sample consisted of 142 individuals diagnosed with severe treatment-refractory OCD participating in an intensive treatment program. Patients completed a measure assessing overall motivation and motivational orientation at admission (TSRQ), and measures assessing depressive severity (BDI) and OCD symptom severity (Y-BOCS) at admission and discharge. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed in which admission levels of overall motivation, intrinsic motivation, and extrinsic motivation were examined as predictors of OCD treatment response when controlling for length of treatment and baseline levels of OCD and depressive symptoms. Results indicate that a high initial level of extrinsic motivation was associated with poorer treatment outcome when controlling for other variables. Furthermore, findings suggest intrinsic motivation appears to have an interactive effect with OCD symptom severity, such that a high level of intrinsic motivation at the outset of treatment may predict positive treatment outcome when OCD symptoms are more severe. Overall initial level of motivation was not found to be a significant predictor of OCD treatment outcome. Treatment implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti IX-XI klasių mokinių asmenybės bruožų ir motyvacinės orientacijos sąsajas su kūrybinio mąstymo rodikliais. Tyrime dalyvavo 199 Kauno Antano Smetonos vidurinės mokyklos ir Neveronių vidurinės mokyklos IX-XI klasių mokiniai (berniukai ir mergaitės). Tyrime buvo naudojamas F. E. Williams Kūrybiškumo įvertinimo testas (angl., The Creativity Assessment Packet), R. R. McCrae ir P. T. Costos Asmenybės bruožų klausimynas (angl., BIG5) ir T. M. Amabile, K. G. Hill, B. A. Hennessey, E. M. Tighe Motyvacijos skalė (angl., Work Preference Inventory (Student Form)). Tyrimo duomenų analizė parodė, jog didėjant mokinių atvirumo patyrimui rodikliams, didėja jų kūrybinio mąstymo rodikliai – originalumas, išbaigtumas, pavadinimas. Didėjant mokinių ekstraversijos ir neurotiškumo rodikliams, didėja vienas kūrybinio mąstymo rodiklis pavadinimas. Tuo tarpu 2 mokinių asmenybės bruožai: sutariamumas bei sąmoningumas nėra susiję nei su vienu kūrybinio mąstymo rodikliu. Darbe patvirtinta prielaida, jog didėjant mokinių vidinei motyvacijai veikti, didėja jų kūrybinio mąstymo rodikliai – originalumas, išbaigtumas, pavadinimas. O didėjant mokinių išorinės motyvacijos pripažinimo subskalei, mažėja vienas iš kūrybinio mąstymo rodiklių - išbaigtumas. Taip pat iš tyrimo rezultatų matyti, kad vidinė motyvacija veikti veikia, kaip mediatorius, kūrybinio mąstymo ir 3 asmenybės bruožų - atvirumo patyrimui, ekstraversijos ir sąmoningumo - ryšyje. Tačiau išorinė motyvacija nėra asmenybės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the study was to assess relationship among students personality Traits, Motivational Orientations and indicators of Creative Thinking in IX through XI grades. 199 students from IX-XI grades in Kaunas Antanas Smetona and Neveronys secondary schools participated in the study. F. E. Williams The Creativity Assessment Packet was used to measure indicators of Creative Thinking. R. R. McCrae and P. T. Costos BIG5 Questionnaire was used for personality traits evaluation. T. M. Amabile, K. G. Hill, B. A. Hennessey, E. M. Tighe Work Preference Inventory (Student Form) was used to measure motivational orientation. The statistic analysis showed that Creative Thinking indicators originality, elaboration and title increase when students openness to experience indexes grow. When students extraversion and neuroticism increase, their indicator for Creative Thinking - title - grows. Student Personalily Traits: agreeableness and conscientiousness are not related to any indicator of Creative Thinking. An assumption that when students intrinsic motivation to work increases, indicators originality, elaboration, title of Creative Thinking go up, was sustained. And when the outward scale of extrinsic motivation increases, students indicator for elaboration decreases. The results showed that intrinsic motivation mediates the relationship between Creative Thinking and openness to experience, Creative Thinking and extraversion, Creative Thinking and conscientiousness. But extrinsic... [to full text]

L’environnement très concurrentiel de la toile détermine le contexte de la recherche. Attirer un internaute n’est pas simple et de surcroît, cela ne suffit pas puisqu’il faut ensuite qu’il devienne un consommateur fidèle qui recommandera le site marchand. La littérature a identifié certaines variables ergonomiques isolées ou semi-groupées qui auraient une influence sur l’intention comportementale, en termes d’intention d’achat, de retour, ou en termes d’intention de recommander le site, mais aucune approche satisfaisante du construit ergonomie, considéré dans sa globalité, n’est recensée dans la littérature marketing. Ce fut l’un des enjeux de cette recherche doctorale puisque nous nous sommes demandé quelle pouvait être l’influence de la perception de l’ergonomie, comprise de façon holistique, sur l’intention comportementale de l’internaute. Des allers-retours entre la littérature et les études exploratoires nous ont conduits vers des questions de recherche complémentaires. En effet, évaluer l’influence de la perception de l’ergonomie requiert de prendre en considération l’orientation motivationnelle de l'internaute, les efforts sous-jacents au traitement d’un stimulus visuel étant en partie liés à la motivation d'un individu. Par ailleurs, nous avons voulu dépasser la seule perspective cognitive pour considérer une vision plus expérientielle de la consommation. Enfin, nous avons étudié la relation qu’il pouvait y avoir entre le comportement sur le site traduit par les données logs et l’intention comportementale. Ainsi, le paradigme Personne x Objet x Situation nous a paru le mieux adapté à cette recherche doctorale en ce qu'il stipule que pour déterminer les sources ou les causes d’un phénomène il faut à la fois prendre en compte les caractéristiques de l’objet étudié, les caractéristiques de l’individu ainsi que les caractéristiques situationnelles. La circonscription et la mesure de la perception de l’ergonomie, un construit jusque-là non clairement délimité en comportement du consommateur, est l’un des apports théoriques majeurs de cette recherche. Nous avons créé un instrument de mesure court, aux propriétés psychométriques très satisfaisantes et qui est valable pour tout type de site. Le modèle structurel a montré que la perception de l’ergonomie d’un site n’aurait pas d’influence sur l’intention comportementale en ce sens où la relation serait totalement médiatisée par la dimension hédonico sensorielle. D’un point de vue managérial, cette recherche doctorale insiste sur une révision des standards ergonomiques tels qu’ils sont définis actuellement, conjointement à une meilleure prise en compte de la dimension hédonico sensorielle. Le gestionnaire de l’entreprise virtuelle s’interrogera sur un ré-enchantement du site marchand, ainsi que sur le degré de réenchantement de ce site, ce qui passera par une véritable réflexion stratégique quant au positionnement de l’enseigne et un juste équilibre entre standards ergonomiques et variables expérientielles. D’un point de vue méthodologique, nous avons souligné la complémentarité expert/utilisateur et toute la richesse d’une multiangulation des sources de données. Nous nous sommes appuyés sur des méthodologies issues d’autres disciplines comme l’oculométrie traditionnellement utilisée en IHM et qui reste peu répandue en comportement du consommateur. Nous avons montré pourquoi l’utilisation des données eye tracking pouvait se révéler particulièrement intéressante pour le chercheur, la manipulation de variables liées au design étant alors évaluée par une réponse quasi physiologique comme le temps passé sur une zone. Enfin, nous avons proposé une nouvelle méthodologie de collecte des logs avec l’utilisation du logiciel Netobserve, un outil particulièrement intéressant pour des sites non administrés par le chercheur et qui rend une relative autonomie dans le choix du terrain de recherche. / Pas de résumé en anglais

<p style="text-align: justify;">Испитивана је предиктивна вредност психолошких детерминанти: димензије личности, мотивационе оријентације, локус контроле, самопоштовање и димензије друштвене културе на димензије предузетничке оријентације у туристичком и јавном сектору.</p> / <p style="text-align: justify;">Ispitivana je prediktivna vrednost psiholoških determinanti: dimenzije ličnosti, motivacione orijentacije, lokus kontrole, samopoštovanje i dimenzije društvene kulture na dimenzije preduzetničke orijentacije u turističkom i javnom sektoru.</p> / <p style="text-align: justify;">The predictive value of psychological determinants: personality traits, motivational orientation, locus of control, self-esteem and cultural dimensions on the entrepreneurial orientation dimensions are investigated.</p>

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the associations among gender-differentiated motivational orientations (integrative and instrumental), acculturation success, and risky behaviours (illicit substance use and gambling behaviour) among Iranian youth who have immigrated to Toronto. DESIGN: Given the exploratory nature of the proposed research, a cross-sectional research design was used. SUBJECTS: A combination of purposive-proportional quota sampling and snowball sampling methods were employed. The sample for this research was comprised of 308 participants (M=155, F=153) who 1) were born in Iran, 2) had recently immigrated to Canada from Iran 2-8 years ago, and 3) were currently attending high school, enrolled in Grade 9, 10, 11, or 12 (ages 15 to 18) in Toronto. RESULTS: The results of the current study confirm 1) the findings in the existing literature that adherence to an instrumental motivational orientation is positively correlated with risktaking behaviours; 2) confirm some of the existing literature findings, which suggest that lower levels of acculturation are negatively associated with problem behaviours; 3) show that males possess an instrumental motivational orientation significantly more than females, and that females possess an integrative motivational orientation significantly more than males; 4) indicate that male participants show significantly lower levels of acculturation while female participants demonstrate higher level of acculturation, which confirms that acculturation is significantly determined by gender; and 5) partially support some of the claims in the literature; for example, it found males are more at risk for illicit drugs, while females to be more at risk for alcohol consumption. DISCUSSION The current study is among the first to examine the interrelationships among illicit substance use and gambling behaviour, acculturation success/stress, and motivational orientation among Iranian adolescent immigrants. To understand the predictors of success or failure among adolescent youth, replication of the current study is necessary. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)