付記する学位プログラム名: 霊長類学・ワイルドライフサイエンス・リーディング大学院 / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第22878号 / 理博第4644号 / 新制||理||1668(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)准教授 足立 幾磨, 准教授 Michael Alan Huffman, 教授 高田 昌彦 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Water World is a water reservoir in the shape of a mountain, with a steel grid body and a shell of shot concrete. It is situated in the national city park Lill-Jansskogen in Stockholm and the emergence of this project is the disrepair of an existing reservoir. Humans, like all things alive, are dependent on water. We survive approximately three days without water. The stored water is the start of civilization, the first of all functions in society we would not cope without in case of collapse. Instead of habitually reshaping nature in accordance with our needs and wishes, this reservoir mimics nature with synthetic means. It questions the idea that we by technical means could create an equilibrium between nature and late capitalist society. Our systems handling water enables modern life. Water World celebrates this function, and life. After construction the man-made surface is exposed to decay and with time the interior structure will stand as a ruin marking the end of the era of globalisation. / Water World är en vattenreservoar inkapslad i ett konstgjort berg, med en stomme av stål och ett yttre av betong. Reservoaren är belägen i Lill-jansskogen i centrala Stockholm, Sveriges enda nationalstadspark. Människan liksom alla levande varelser är beroende av vatten för sin överlevnad. Vi överlever ca tre dagar utan vatten. Det lagrade vattnet är början påcivilisationen, den första av samhällets funktioner vi inte skulle klara oss utan vid en eventuell kollaps. Istället för att vanemässigt forma naturen efter våra behov och önskningar försöker reservoaren efterlikna naturen med syntetiska medel. Den ifrågasätter idén om att vi med teknikens hjälp kan skapa en balans mellan natur och vår senkapitalistiska kultur. De system människan har utvecklat för att lagra vatten möjliggör våra moderna liv. Water World hyllar denna funktion, och livet. När konstruktionen är färdig kommer den av människan formade ytan med tiden förfalla och interiörens struktur lämnas som en ruin att markera slutet av eran av globalisering.

El Black Mountain College estuvo operativo durante 24 años, desde 1933 hasta 1957. Un centro universitario, situado en Carolina del Norte, basado en la enseñanza en artes liberales, donde se combinó la docencia con la vida en comunidad y donde la experimentación, desde las distintas áreas de conocimiento que conformaban su programa docente, era esencial en el proceso formativo. Un lugar de confluencia de diversas disciplinas e intereses donde el eje vertebrador era la experiencia artística. A lo largo de los años de su existencia, un gran número de figuras, que en ese momento y posteriormente serían fundamentales en el panorama cultural y artístico norteamericano, se acercaron a este college para compartir sus conocimientos y experiencias y pasaron a formar parte de la historia del mismo, colaborando en la generación de un mito alrededor de la institución. En este contexto, la arquitectura encontró su lugar en el proyecto docente a través de profesionales que impartieron clase y de propuestas y acciones que demuestran la capacidad de la arquitectura de entenderse como ‘acontecimiento’. Este trabajo de investigación ahonda en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la arquitectura en esta institución, recuperando los arquitectos y profesionales relacionados con la disciplina, que fueron dando forma a un programa docente donde se combinaban conocimientos teóricos con una apuesta decisiva por la experiencia práctica, que en su vertiente constructiva ejecutó parte de los edificios de su propio campus universitario. Asimismo, se explora la historia del college relatada a través de las acciones multidisciplinares colectivas de diversa naturaleza llevadas a cabo, donde se realiza una lectura que muestra la capacidad de la arquitectura de construir, no sólo en el espacio, sino también en el tiempo, a través de situaciones que trascienden el hecho constructivo y a las que denominamos como ‘acontecimientos’.

Scale 1 inch = 125 ft. Sketch by Richard Britton with a handwritten date of September 13, 1979. Indicates location of loyalist troops and troops led by Sevier, Shelby, Williams, Campbell, McDowell, Winston, Chronicle, Cleveland, Lacey, and Hawthorne. / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1123/thumbnail.jpg

This project investigates the merging of performance apparel from mountain biking and ski touring, based on the emerging trend in combining mountain biking and ski touring as sports. Designing apparel for a combination of sports could contribute to a sustainable change in the outdoor industry by affecting the design thinking, demand and consumerism. All the garments are developed based on the female body and needs. This is shown through both commercial pieces and experimental pieces, with garment shapes that are both similar and not so similar to existing garments. Material placement is based on movement and thermoregulatory responses of the female athlete and plays an important part to achieve both expression and function in the garments. The methodology is explained through five parts; field testing, sketching, prototyping, experimenting and evaluation, which are used both numerical and independently of each other. This resulted in a collection of seven outfits where three of these are produced and the remaining four are illustrated through development, sketches and technical descriptions. Results show suggestions of how a combination between sports could be developed and used. It also shows potential to be developed even further into other various directions.

In the western regions of North America, mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk., infestations take a tremendous toll of pines , especially lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.. Mass attack by the beetles is a devastating event for the trees. As well as girdling the tree, a massive inoculation of blue stain fungus "complex" (composed of several species of Ceratocystis, numerous yeasts and other mycelial fungi) is made beneath the bark. These fungi colonize and destroy the parenchyma tissue system of the host sapwood, primarily the ray parenchyma and resin duct epithelium. A blue stain is produced in the sapwood as a consequence of destruction of the sapwood parenchyma. The stain develops inward through the sapwood, and the transpiration stream is cut off. As more and more sapwood is stained, foliar water stress begins to increase. Foliage however, remains green and apparently healthy for up to 10 months after inoculation. When spring bud break begins the year following beetle attack, terminal buds of blue-stained trees begin to expand, then abort. Soon after, the needles of these trees fade to a reddish brown color. Transpiration stream disruption was not caused by penetration of tracheids by fungal hyphae; tyloses were not observed; nor was microconidial blockage of bordered pits seen. Though resin duct epithelium was eventually destroyed, little resin soaking was observed in the initial blue stained regions. Many bordered pits of tracheids in stained regions appeared to be aspirated, suggesting introduction of embolisms.

Northern Elkhorn Mountain was unmapped previous to this investigation. The mapped area is located north of Malad City, Idaho, in the Bannock Range. It is within the Basin and Range Province. The mapped area measures 5.4 mi. in the north-south direction and 8.9 mi. in the east-west direction. The oldest exposed stratigraphic unit, within the mapped area, consists of orthoquartzite and is of Early Cambrian age. Cambrian formations of the mapped area, in ascending order, are as follows: Camelback Mountain Quartzite, Gibson Jack Formation, Elkhead Formation, Bloomington Formation, Nounan Formation, and St. Charles Formation. Units of Ordovician age are the Garden City and Swan Peak Formations. The youngest unit of Paleozoic age, found within the mapped area, is the Fish Haven-Laketown Formation of Ordovician-­Silurian age. Rock types comprising the Paleozoic units are orthoquartzite, limestone, dolostone, and shale. Tertiary units present, within the area, are the Salt Lake Formation and volcanic rocks with the composition of andesite. These units occur only in isolated parts of the mapped area. Colluvial and alluvial deposits of Quaternary age are present in the valley west of Elkhorn Mountain and in the southeastern and northeastern parts of the mapped area. Numerous high-angle normal faults dominate the structure of the area. They trend generally north and northwest. A major high-angle normal fault extends along the western side of Elkhorn Mountain and is responsible for the present topographic relief. Several small asymmetrical anticlines and a low-angle thrust fault are also present. The structural features, within the area, resulted from two major periods of crustal deformation. The first event was the Laramide orogeny. Compressional forces, generated during this event, produced the anticlines and the thrust fault. Movement was eastward. The second event was Basin and Range faulting. It produced the high­-angle normal faults. Basin and Range faultinq has been active from Oligocene to Holocene. The marginal normal fault, west of Elkhorn· Mountain, is probably active at the present time.

Wellsville Mountain forms the extreme northern end of the Wasatch Range in northern Utah. It lies at the western margin of the Middle Rocky Mountain province and is bordered by valleys of the Basin and Range province. Many geologic investigations have been made in this region. Much of the Wasatch Range has been studied and mapped as well as parts of the Bear River Range, east of Cache Valley, and the Malad Range which extends north from Wellsville Mountain; however, the geology of Wellsville Mountain has not been studied or mapped in detail. Some reconnaissance mapping has been done and sections of Cambrian and Pennsylvanian formations have been measured on the western mountain front (Maxey, 1941; Williams, 1943), but little is known about the middle Paleozoic formations and the structural geology of the northern part of the mountain.

A significant source of sediment in many watersheds is that associated with the layout, construction, and maintenance of roadways. Much work has been done in more mesic forested environments with little or none in semiarid systems. Acc urate estimation of runoff and sediment yield from native surfaced roads located in semiarid mountainous ecosystems is important to both private and public regulatory agencies. The Watershed Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model represents the most current erosion prediction technology. WEPP has been applied to the problems of logging road erosion in more mesic forests but has not been tested or evaluated on roadways located in semiarid mountainous ecosystems. Six rainfall simulation experiments were conducted to measure runoff and sediment yield off three separate plots located on Tickville Road, located on Camp W.G. Williams, a National Guard Training Center in Utah . These data were compared with runoff and erosion estimates produced by the WEPP model. WEPP cropland and rangeland erodibility equations were used to predict rill erodibility (Kr), interrill erodibility (Ki), and critical shear (TAUc). These were tested for their effectiveness in predicting road erodibilities in these environments. A sensitivity analysis was performed on those parameters that were suspected of having a substantial impact on model output and accuracy. There was an excellent correlation between predicted and observed total runoff volumes for all simulations (R2= 0.96). The differences were greater than 10% only for plot 2 wet; otherwise, the average difference for all six simulations was 4.9%. When using Kr, K.i , and TAUc as predicted by rangeland methods, predicted sediment yields differed from those measured, on average, by 82%. Predicted sediment yields differed by only 22% compared to calculated sediment yields, when using the cropland erodibility equations to predict Kr, K.i , and TAUc. A sensitivity analysis showed that percent slope, slope length, days since last tillage, and ridge roughness all had a significant impact on WEPP predicted sediment yields. Results show the effectiveness of the WEPP model in predicting runoff and erosion off native surfaced roads in these semiarid mountainous regions.

Look up! Travelling over your head in the air are waves. They are present all the time in the atmosphere all over the Earth. Now imagine throwing a small rock in a pond and watching the ripples spread out around it. The same thing happens in the atmosphere except the rock is a thunderstorm, the wind blowing over a mountain, or another disturbance. As the wave (known as a gravity wave) travels upwards the thinning air allows the wave to grow larger and larger. Eventually the gravity wave gets too large – and like waves on the beach – it crashes causing whitewater or turbulence. If you are in the shallow water when the ocean wave crashes or breaks, you would feel the energy and momentum from the wave as it pushes or even knocks you over. In the atmosphere, when waves break they transfer their energy and momentum to the background wind changing its speed and even direction. This affects the circulation of the atmosphere. These atmospheric waves are not generally visible to the naked eye but by using special instruments we can observe their effects on the wind, temperature, density, and pressure of the atmosphere. This dissertation discusses the use of a specialized camera to study gravity waves as they travel through layers of the atmosphere 50 miles above the Andes Mountains and change the temperature. First, we introduce the layers of the atmosphere, the techniques used for observing these waves, and the mathematical theory and properties of these gravity waves. We then discuss the camera, its properties, and its unique feature of acquiring temperatures in the middle layer of the atmosphere. We introduce the observatory high in the Andes Mountains and why it was selected. We will look at the nightly fluctuations (or willy-nillyness) and long-term trends from August 2009 until December 2017. We compare measurements from the camera with similar measurements obtained from a satellite taken at the same altitude and measurements from the same camera when it was used at a different location, over Hawaii. Next, we measure the amount of change in the temperature and compare it to a nearby location on the other side of the Andes Mountains. Finally, we look for a specific type of gravity wave caused by wind blowing over the mountains called a mountain wave and perform statistics of those observed events over a period of six years. By understanding the changes in atmospheric properties caused by gravity waves we can learn more about their possible sources. By knowing their sources, we can better understand how much energy is being transported in the atmosphere, which in turn helps with better weather and climate models. Even now –all of this is going on over your head!