The master's thesis focuses on a topic which lies on the intersection of civil law procedure and constitutional law. The chosen type of execution proceedings is looked at through the lens of constitutional law with specific focus on dwelling and inviolability of the home, which are interfered with by specific steps of the execution sale of movable property. The aim of the thesis is to bring forth an analysis of the topic from an unusual perspective, and therein answer several research questions, especially to lay out specific (impermissible) interferences with the inviolability of the dwelling within execution proceedings with the goal of highlighting inviolability of the home as a value embodied in the constitutional system of the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into two parts and only the conjunction of these parts forms a unique whole. The first part focuses on execution sale of movable items. Firstly, it gives an overview of the execution proceedings and clarifies the purpose and goals of the court executors. In the following chapter the thesis looks at the distraining enforcer as a person in direct contact with the debtors and third parties during his on-the-spot operations for the purpose of execution proceedings. The text then shifts its focus to specific aspects of execution sale of...

Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Inaedificatio entails that movables that have been permanently attached to land through building cease to exist as independent things and become part of the land. Courts have adopted different approaches over time to investigate whether or not inaedificatio had occurred. It is sometimes said that courts have moved away from the so-called traditional approach, which focused on the objective factors, to the so-called new approach, which places more emphasis on the subjective intention of the owner of the movables. This thesis analyses the applicable case law and concludes that there is inadequate proof of such a shift since both older cases associated with the traditional approach and later cases associated with the new approach emphasise the intention of the owner of the movables to establish whether accession had taken place. However, the case law does allow for a cautious different conclusion, namely that a certain line of both older and new cases emphasise the owner of the movable’s intention for commercial policy reasons, specifically to protect ownership of the movables in cases where ownership had been reserved in a credit sale contract. Constitutional analysis of these conclusions in view of the FNB methodology indicates that the courts’ decision to hold that accession had in fact occurred in cases that do involve permanent attachment of movables to land will generally establish deprivation of property for purposes of section 25(1) of the Constitution, but such deprivation would generally not be arbitrary since there would be sufficient reason for it. However, in cases where the courts decide that there was no accession because ownership of the movables had been reserved subject to a credit sale agreement, there is no deprivation of property because the landowner, who is the only one who might complain about the decision, could not prove a property interest for purposes of section 25(1). Moreover, the courts’ decision that accession had either occurred or not does not amount to expropriation under section 25(2) of the Constitution because there is no common law authority for expropriation. Therefore, the principal conclusion of the thesis is that the courts’ decision that accession had either occurred or not would generally be in line with the property clause of the Constitution. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inaedificatio behels dat roerende sake wat permanent deur bebouing aan grond vasgeheg is ophou bestaan as selfstandige sake en deel word van die grond. Die howe het in die verlede verskillende benaderings gevolg in hulle pogings om vas te stel of inaedificatio plaasgevind het. Daar word soms beweer dat die howe wegbeweeg het van die sogenaamde tradisionele benadering, wat op die objektiewe faktore gefokus het, na die sogenaamde nuwe benadering waarin die klem op die eienaar van die roerende goed se bedoeling val. Hierdie verhandeling analiseer die toepaslike regspraak en kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat daar onvoldoende bewys van so ‘n verskuiwing bestaan, aangesien sowel ouer sake wat met die tradisionele benadering geassosieer word en later regspraak wat die nuwe benadering sou volg klem op die eienaar van die roerende sake se bedoeling plaas. Die regspraak bied wel bewyse vir ‘n versigtige gevolgtrekking op ‘n ander punt, naamlik dat bepaalde ouer en later sake die eienaar van die roerende goed se bedoeling vir kommersiële beleidsredes beklemtoon, spesifiek in gevalle waar eiendomsreg in ‘n kredietkoop voorbehou is. Grondwetlike analise van hierdie gevolgtrekkings in die lig van die FNB-metodologie suggereer dat die howe se beslissing dat aanhegting wel plaasgevind het in gevalle waar permanente aanhegting van roerende goed aan grond ter sprake was oor die algemeen ‘n ontneming van eiendom vir doeleindes van artikel 25(1) van die Grondwet sal daarstel, maar aangesien daar oor die algemeen voldoende rede vir die ontneming is sal dit nie arbitrêr wees nie. Aan die ander kant, waar die howe beslis dat daar geen aanhegting was nie omdat eiendomsreg van die roerende goed vir sekerheid onderhewig aan ‘n kredietkoop voorbehou is, is daar geen ontneming van eiendom nie omdat die grondeienaar, die enigste party wat beswaar teen die beslissing mag maak, nie ‘n eiendomsbelang vir doeleindes van artikel 25(1) kan bewys nie. Verder stel die howe se beslissing dat aanhegting óf plaasgevind het al dan nie in elk geval geen onteiening daar nie aangesien daar geen magtiging vir onteiening in die gemenereg bestaan nie. Die gevolgtrekking van die verhandeling is dat die howe se beslissing dat aanhegting óf plaasgevind het al dan nie oor die algemeen nie in stryd met die eiendomsbepaling in die Grondwet sal wees nie.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-16T15:23:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2278783 bytes, checksum: e7f96aa5b015e6fb479fc132ec8f1c92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Theoretical and methodological procedures investigation of religious colonial patrimony construction in Paraiba, developed by the Information Science Graduation Program from Federal University of Paraiba [Campus I], master's degree level, concentrated in the area of Society, Information and Knowledge well as Memory, Organization, Access and Information use research area, justified by the intention to incorporate the memory preservation, description and data information, information uses and impact. This essential research has required imminent recognition, description and cultural patrimony s communication concerning its cultural relevance, contradictorily, fledgling political and patrimony research. Several questions have sustained analysis: Which assumptions, criteria, categories, implementation procedures and analysis must be included in the movable cultural property and integrated religious scientific methodology patrimony adequately directed in the SI [Information Science] and cultural patrimony areas? Which have been the identification support, classification and religious qualitative analysis? The state of art has brought theoretical contributions related to the Information Science, Terminology, Semiotics and Aesthetics since the inventory processes of material culture in focus, Christian art well as information and its representation as interdisciplinary scientific objects. It has been concluded that the inventory as an important information assets source by the access to material and cultural patrimony well as memory preservation. Moreover, the patrimony has been identified as a social representation instrument by its non technical-descriptive utterance structure, indeed, as an information and knowledge representation instrument, by the information presupposes recognition with a interdisciplinary scientific purpose which has required scientific methodology construction linking Information Science and Cultural patrimony. / Investigamos os processos teórico-metodológicos para a construção e análise do inventário do patrimônio religioso paraibano colonial, em desenvolvimento no Programa de Pós-Graduação de Ciência da Informação da Universidade Federal da Paraíba Campus I em nível de mestrado, na área de concentração Sociedade, Informação e Conhecimento e na linha de pesquisa Memória, Organização, Acesso e Uso da Informação, justificadas pela intenção de incorporar a preservação da memória, representação da informação e de conhecimento, usos e impactos da informação. A pesquisa justifica-se pela eminente necessidade de identificação, qualificação e comunicação do patrimônio cultural dada a sua relevância histórica e cultural e, contraditoriamente, as incipientes políticas e pesquisas sobre os inventários deste patrimônio. Algumas questões orientam nossa análise: Quais pressupostos, critérios, categorias, procedimentos de execução e análise deve conter uma metodologia científica de inventário de bens culturais móveis e integrados religiosos que articula adequadamente as áreas da CI e de patrimônio cultural? Quais instrumentos existentes para a identificação, classificação e análise qualitativa do patrimônio religioso? Como referencial teórico-metodológico nos apoiamos nas contribuições da Ciência da Informação, Terminologia, Semiótica e Estética uma vez que os processos de inventariação da cultura material em foco, arte cristã bem como a informação e sua representação constituem objetos científicos interdisciplinares. Defendemos que o inventário pode ser uma importante fonte de informação patrimonial, de acesso ao patrimônio cultural material e de preservação da memória. Numa pesquisa qualitativa produzimos um inventário enquanto instrumento de representação social e consideramos que o mesmo não deve se constituir em uma técnica nominativo-descritiva, mas em um instrumento de representação da informação, tendo como pressuposto o reconhecimento da informação patrimonial como objeto científico interdisciplinar que requer a construção de metodologia científica que articula Ciência da Informação e Patrimônio Cultural.

The definition of sale can be determined in several ways depending on the law branch that is studying the sale, however, for tax purposes, the sale takes a different connotation which tries to be elucidated in the current article, in which is taken into account the Tax on the General Sales (IGV) as the resolutions of the Tax Court. Furthermore, it is intended to elucidate the fact that constitutes the sale for IGV in which is called the self-governing of the Taxation Law. / El concepto de venta puede ser determinado de diversas maneras según la rama del Derecho que estudie la venta; sin embargo, para efectos tributarios, la venta toma otra connotación que intenta ser dilucidada en el presente artículo, en el que se toma en cuenta, tanto la ley del Impuesto General a las Ventas (IGV) como las resoluciones del Tribunal Fiscal. Así mismo, se intenta dilucidar el hecho que constituye venta para efectos del IGV, en donde se apela a la autonomía del Derecho tributario.

A real security right improves a creditor’s chances of recovering a debt owed to him by the debtor. In the case of an ordinary pledge, the pledgor delivers physical control of his movable property to his creditor to serve as security for the repayment of the principal debt. The increasing value and use of movable property as an object of security coupled with technological advancement have resulted in many countries calling for legal reform of real security rights over movable property. In South Africa this led to the introduction of the Security by Means of Movable Property Act 57 of 1993 which makes provision for a pledge without possession. The Act regulates only special notarial bonds and does not apply to general notarial bonds. The real security right vests in the bondholder upon registration of the bond, provided that the movable property encumbered is described in a notarial bond in a way that makes it readily recognisable. The Act has substituted delivery with registration in the Deeds Registry. Registration of the notarial bond in the Deeds Registry is questioned as to whether it complies with the publicity principle. This is because movable property can be shifted from one place to another without any knowledge on the part of the creditor due to the inaccessible and costly registration system. The third party then receives the property subject to the real security right of the creditor. The substitution of delivery with registration is the controversial feature in this study. Linked to the legal problems regarding compliance with the publicity principle, is the description and identification requirement as provided for under the Act, the exclusion of general notarial bonds from the application of the Act, and the question of whether it is appropriate to regard special notarial bonds as pledges without possession. This study questions whether the current land registry system should be used for the registration of notarial bonds and suggests that a new system designed specifically for the registration of real security rights over movables be considered. I compare the position in the Belgian legal system as regards developments in real security rights over movables to identify possible solutions and recommendations for the South African approach. / Private Law / LL. M.

This study compares the legal principles applicable in both South Africa and Kenya in the creation of security by means of movables. It identifies the forms of security that can be created in the two jurisdictions. The main focus will be on the creation, publicity, priority of security interest and enforcement of the said interests. The research will in addition establish the challenges (if any) that are encountered when creating security by means of movables in Kenya and identify practical solutions that can be adopted in order to improve the creation of security by means of movables in Kenya. / Private Law / LL. M. (Property Law)

This study compares the legal principles applicable in both South Africa and Kenya in the creation of security by means of movables. It identifies the forms of security that can be created in the two jurisdictions. The main focus will be on the creation, publicity, priority of security interest and enforcement of the said interests. The research will in addition establish the challenges (if any) that are encountered when creating security by means of movables in Kenya and identify practical solutions that can be adopted in order to improve the creation of security by means of movables in Kenya. / Private Law / LL. M. (Property Law)