Within the framework of education of Music Technology for 16-18 year olds there exists a lack of thorough teaching and learning resources sufficient for a broad understanding of the basics of audio and electronic synthesis. This PhD submission outlines the role of the composer in the classroom in addressing this fundamental issue through the development of a curriculum containing pedagogic composition and interactive software. There will be a discussion of the principles of pedagogic methodologies developed by various composers and of the current model of learning provided in Music Technology Alevel. The programming tools used to develop the software are investigated, as well as an exploration into the current learning psychology that informed the curriculum development. This submission consists of a written thesis that accompanies a set of compositions and a multimedia DVD, which includes the software for the CuDAS curriculum. Within this software is contained a presentation of a series of interactive tutorials alongside compositions in the form of scores, recordings and interactive exercises. There is also include written supporting documentation and sound files of techniques and recordings from contrasting genres of music history.

Aurora occurs in various shapes, one of which is the hitherto unreported phenomenon of auroral fragments. For three periods of occurrence of these fragments their properties were studied in detail during this master’s thesis, using mainly ground-based instrumentation located near Longyearbyen on Svalbard, Norway. A base dataset was constructed from 103 all-sky camera images, manually marking 305 fragments for further analysis. This thesis reports and describes the fragment observations during the observed events, including the auroral and geomagnetic context. Fragments generally seem to fall into two categories, the first being singular, apparently randomly distributed fragments, and the second being periodic fragments that occur in groups with a regular spacing close to auroral arcs. A typical fragment has a small horizontal size below 20 km, a short lifetime of less than a minute and shows no field-aligned extent in the emission. The fragments appear mainly west of zenith (73%) during the three observation nights, whereas their north-south distribution is symmetric around the zenith. Almost all of them exhibit westward drift, the estimated speed for one of the fragments passing the field of view of ASK is ∼1 km/s. A spectral signature can be seen in the green auroral wavelength of O at 557.7 nm and red emission line of N2 at 673.0 nm, but no emission enhancement was observed in the blue wavelengths. One fragment passing the EISCAT Svalbard radar’s field of view shows a local ion temperature increase in a small altitude range of ∼15 km, whereas there is no visible increase in electron density. This could be explained by fragment generation due to locally strong horizontal electric fields. A potential mechanism for this might be electric fields of atmospheric waves superposing with the converging electric fields of auroral arcs created by particle precipitation and the corresponding field-aligned currents. The resulting field would be perpendicular to the magnetic field and the auroral arcs, leading to wave-like density variations of excited plasma close to the arcs. Further study is required to verify this hypothesis and improve the understanding of fragment properties determined from the limited dataset used for this thesis.

Die Malaria ist heute noch immer die bedeutendste parasitäre Infektionskrankheit des Menschen. Hiervon sind in Endemiegebieten neben Kleinkindern insbesondere schwangere Frauen betroffen. P. falciparum weist eine hohe genetische Diversität auf. So sind in Endemiegebieten Infektionen mit P. falciparum in der Regel polyklonal. Man spricht in diesen Fällen von der Multiplizität der Infektion. Bei Schwangeren sequestrieren mit P. falciparum infizierte Erythrozyten, die spezifische Oberflächenproteine exprimieren, in der Plazenta. Hierdurch bedingt können pathologische Schwangerschafts-verläufe klinische Manifestationsformen der Malaria darstellen. Um die Diversität von P. falciparum und die Multiplizität der Infektion bei schwangeren Frauen zu erforschen, wurden in einer Querschnittsstudie im holoendemischen Malariagebiet von Agogo in Ghana über den Zeitraum von einem Jahr 474 Gebärende mit einer nachgewiesenen plazentaren Infektion von P. falciparum untersucht. Hierzu wurden die Gene, die für das "Merozoiten-Oberflächen-Protein-1" (msp-1) und "Merozoiten-Oberflächen-Protein-2" (msp-2) kodieren, aus peripher und plazentar gewonnen Isolaten typisiert. Plazentar gewonnene Isolate waren im Vergleich zu peripher gewonnenen mit einer signifikant höheren Prävalenz an polyklonalen Infektionen und einer höheren Multiplizität der Infektion assoziiert. Die höchste Multiplizität der Infektion wurde bei Erstgebärenden und jüngeren Patientinnen beobachtet. Mit zunehmendem Alter und einer höheren Anzahl an vorangegangenen Schwangerschaften fielen signifikant sowohl die Multiplizität der Infektion als auch die Parasitendichte. Zudem wurde eine hohe Korrelation zwischen der Multiplizität der Infektion und der Parasitendichte nachgewiesen. Weder das Alter noch die Parität beeinflussten diese Korrelation. Der Einfluss von Alter und Parität auf die Multiplizität der Infektion konnte somit nicht unabhängig von der Parasitendichte nachgewiesen werden. Multivariate Analysen zeigten aber, dass es unabhängig von der Parasitendichte bei plazentaren Infektionen mit zwei und mehr als zwei Klonen im Vergleich zu monoklonalen plazentaren Infektionen mit einer höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit zu einer Frühgeburt kam. Dies betraf insbesondere Erstgebärende und Frauen mit submikroskopischen plazentaren Infektionen. Ob bei polyklonalen Infektionen eine Sequestration von P. falciparum in der Plazenta durch alle oder nur durch einen Teil der zahlreichen Genotypen geschieht, die an einer Infektion bei Schwangeren beteiligt sind, ist nicht entgültig geklärt. Es wurden aus zusammengehörenden plazentar und peripher gewonnenen P.-falciparum-Isolaten die Verteilungsmuster der Genotypen verglichen. Zwar korrelierte die Multiplizität der Infektion plazentarer und peripherer Isolate, die Genotypenmuster der Plazenta und der Peripherie waren jedoch deutlich unterschiedlich. Nur in 12% der Fälle konnte eine Genotypisierung eines peripher gewonnenen Isolates das klonale Gesamtbild der Infektion nachweisen. In 67% der Fälle waren neben identischen Genotypen wenigstens in einem der beiden Isolate unterschiedliche Genotypen nachweisbar. Einzelne spezifische Genotypen traten in der gesamten Untersuchungsgruppe öfter in der Plazenta als in der peripheren Blutprobe auf. Bei Frauen, die mit den Genotypen der Allelfamilie FC27 infiziert waren, lagen signifikant häufiger klinischen Manifestationen der Malaria vor. So konnte in multivariaten Analysen eine Assoziation zwischen FC27 und einer Frühgeburtlichkeit nachgewiesen werden. Darüber hinaus war FC27 zumindest in univariater Analyse mit einer Anämie und einem verminderten Geburtsgewicht assoziiert. Dies konnte insbesondere für Primiparae und für Gebärende mit submikroskopischen plazentaren Infektionen beobachtet werden. / Malaria is still one of the most considerable parasite infections of the human being. Pregnant women are at an increased risk in endemic areas. P. falciparum shows a high genetic diversity. In endemic areas infections with P. falciparum are very often polyclonal. They are described as multiple Infections or as the multiplicity of infection. In pregnant women P.-falciparum-infected-erythrocytes which exprimate specific surface proteins sequester in the placental tissue. Often this is the course of preterm delivery, low birth weight and anaemia. To investigate the diversity of P. falciparum and the multiplicity of infection in pregnant women a cross-sectional study was conducted in the holoendemic area of Agogo in Ghana. In this study over a period of one year 474 labouring women infected with placental P.-falciparum where investigated. To examine the diversity and the multiplicity of infection merozoite surface protein-1 (msp1) block 2 and merozoite surface protein-2 (msp2) genotypes were determined in Isolates from peripheral and placental blood samples. The study showed that in comparision to isolates of peripheral blood samples isolates of placental blood samples where associated with a significant higher prevalence of polyclonal infections and a higher multiplicity of infection. The highest multiplicity of infection was found among primiparae and young women. With age and parity multiplicity of infection as well as parasite density decreased. In addition a high correlation between the multiplicity of infection and parasite density could be demonstrated. Age and parity did not influence this correlation. Thus the influence of age independent from parity on the multiplicity of infection could not be proved. However, multivariate analyses showed, that independently from parasite density placental Infections with two or more clones were in comparison to monoclonal Infections associated with a higher probability of preterm delivery. This was the case especially in primiparae and in women with submicroscopical placental Infection. Presently it is not clear, whether all or only a subset of co-infecting genotypes sequester in the placental tissue. To address this issue the genotype distribution of matched placental and peripheral P. falciparum isolates where investigated. While the multiplicity of infection of placental and peripheral isolates correlated the genotype pattern of the placenta and the periphery differed extensively. Only 12% genotyping of a peripheral Isolate showed the entire picture of the infection. In 67% of the cases despite finding identical genotypes differing genotypes in at least one of the two Isolates were detectable. Specific genotypes appeared more often in the placental than in the peripheral Isolate. In women, who were infected with genotypes of the allelic family FC27 clinical manifestation of malaria were observed more often. In multivariate analysis an association between FC27 and a preterm delivery was established. Beside this at least in univariate analyses FC27 was associated with low birth weight and anaemia. This was the case especially for primiparae and labouring women with submicroscopic placental infections.

La Radiothérapie Conformationnelle par Modulation d’Intensité (RCMI) est aujourd’hui reconnue comme une technique de référence permettant d’augmenter le contrôle local de la tumeur tout en réduisant la dose reçue par les organes à risques avoisinants. Cependant, son développement est freiné par l’étape de préparation du traitement du patient qui nécessite une charge de travail considérable. Dans le but d’augmenter l’efficience de la mise en œuvre d’un traitement, deux axes de travail ont été déterminés. Le premier axe concernait l’optimisation automatique des incidences des faisceaux. Nous avons pour cela mis en œuvre un algorithme (le simplexe) qui a été intégré dans le système de planification de traitement. Il permet, à partir des objectifs dosimétriques fixés par l’utilisateur, de déterminer automatiquement les incidences de faisceaux optimales : irradiant suffisamment le volume cible tout en épargnant les organes à risques avoisinants. En plus d’un gain en temps, les résultats du simplexe ont montré – sur trois patients atteints d’un cancer de l’oropharynx – un gain en qualité par rapport à une sélection manuelle des faisceaux. En effet, pour une couverture du volume cible équivalente voire meilleure, il permet de réduire la dose reçue par les organes à risques. Le second axe concernait l’optimisation des contrôles pré-traitement. Nous avons pour cela utilisé une méthode industrielle : la Maîtrise Statistique des Processus (MSP) afin d’analyser rétrospectivement les résultats des contrôles de la dose absolue effectués avec la chambre d’ionisation au Centre Alexis Vautrin (CAV). Cette étude a montré l’intérêt de la MSP pour renforcer la sécurité des traitements grâce à la mise en place de cartes de contrôle. Elle a également montré que notre processus de délivrance de la dose était stable et statistiquement capable pour les traitements de la prostate, ce qui implique qu’une réduction du nombre de contrôles peut être envisagée pour ce type de traitement au CAV / Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) is currently considered as a technique of choice to increase the local control of the tumour while reducing the dose to surrounding organs at risk. However, its routine clinical implementation is partially held back by the excessive amount of work required to prepare the patient treatment. In order to increase the efficiency of the treatment preparation, two axes of work have been defined. The first axis concerned the automatic optimisation of beam orientations. We integrated the simplex algorithm in the treatment planning system. Starting from the dosimetric objectives set by the user, it can automatically determine the optimal beam orientations that best cover the target volume while sparing organs at risk. In addition to time sparing, the simplex results of three patients with a cancer of the oropharynx, showed that the quality of the plan is also increased compared to a manual beam selection. Indeed, for an equivalent or even a better target coverage, it reduces the dose received by the organs at risk. The second axis of work concerned the optimisation of pre-treatment quality control. We used an industrial method: Statistical Process Control (SPC) to retrospectively analyse the absolute dose quality control results performed using an ionisation chamber at Centre Alexis Vautrin (CAV). This study showed that SPC is an efficient method to reinforce treatment security using control charts. It also showed that our dose delivery process was stable and statistically capable for prostate treatments, which implies that a reduction of the number of controls can be considered for this type of treatment at the CAV

Obecná charakteristika malého a středního podnikání, včetně jeho vývoje, role a možnosti získání podpor v rámci České republiky. Následuje rozbor faktorů ovlivňující vývoj malých a středních podniků v jednotlivých krajích a jejich srovnání se skutečným stavem. Poslední část je věnována analýze poskytovaných dotací malým a středním podnikům Českomoravskou záruční a rozvojovou bankou.

Popis podnikatelských, ekonomických vztahů mezi Českou republikou a Mongolskem, podnikání v Mongolsku, podnikání v České republice, významné české projekty v Mongolsku, srovnání výrobních aktivit v Mongolsku a ČR. Nástin daňového systému v Mongolsku a v ČR, zaměstnanosti a posouzení možnosti vstupu českých subjektů na mongolský trh.

<p>Predmet istraţivanja ove doktorske disertacije je odreĊivanje znaĉaja preduzetni&scaron;tva kao faktora razvoja agro(privrede) Republike Srpske. Preduzetni&scaron;tvo je vaţan element ekonomskog razvoja i konkurentnosti privrede, gde je Republika Srpska tipiĉan primer zemlje tranziciji. Stoga je aspekt preduzetni&scaron;tva posmatran na makro nivou, da bi se uspe&scaron;no moglo sagledati i na jednom segmentu privrede &ndash; agroprivreda, a zatim i mikro nivou. U konkretnom primeru Republike Srpske, kao tranzicione zemlje, postoje jo&scaron; uvek odreĊena ograniĉenja da bi se uspe&scaron;no sprovela reforma i agrarnog i prehrambenog sektora. Glavna ograniĉenja u daljem razvoju ova dva sektora su: nezadovoljavajuća agrarna struktura, nere&scaron;eno agrarno zakonodavstvo, nekonkurentnost proizvoda, slaba iskori&scaron;ćenost proizvodnih kapaciteta i sl. U prelaznoj fazi kod transformisanja agrarnog i prehrambenog sektora u savremeniji trţi&scaron;ni model odluĉujuću ulogu ima agro(preduzetni&scaron;tvo). Rezultat ovog istraţivanja ukazuje da Republika Srpska ima znaĉajne potencijale za razvoj oba sektora, ali su nedovoljno razvijeni. Naime, sada&scaron;nji agrarni i prehrambeni sektor zadovoljava potrebe domaćeg stanovni&scaron;tva. Sa druge strane postoje znaĉajni potencijali za takav razvoj agroprivrede koji bi obezbedio plasman ovih proizvoda na inostranom trţi&scaron;tu. Rezultati istraţivanja ukazuju da je potrebno dinamiĉnije razviti sektor malih i srednjih preduzeća u agroprivredi Republike Srpske. U prilog tome govore rezultati sprovedene ankete za potrebu istraţivanja u disertaciji. Naime, rezultati ukazuju da znaĉajniji udeo u preduzetni&scaron;tvu agroprivrede Republike Srpske imaju mikro preduzeća u odnosu na mala i srednja preduzeća. U tom kontekstu je opravdanije formiranje malih i srednjih preduzeća u primarnoj proizvodnji, dok u prehrambenoj proizvodnji je opravdanije formiranje srednjih preduzeća. TakoĊe, za uspe&scaron;no poslovanje MSP sektora u agroprivredi Republike Srpske potrebno je povoljno makroekonomsko okruţenje (bruto dru&scaron;tveni proizvod, inflacija, trţi&scaron;te rada, spoljnotrgovinsko poslovanje i priliv stranih direktnih investicija). Odluĉujuću ulogu daljem razvoju agropreduzetni&scaron;tva Republike Srpske imaju institucionalni i pravni okviri razvoja preduzetni&scaron;tva, kroz razvoj ĉitavog niza zakona i strategija, kao i institucija koji su u funkciji razvoja agroprivrede. TakoĊe, razvoj preduzetniĉke infrastrukture je znaĉajan faktor unapreĊenja preduzetni&scaron;tva u agroprivredi Republike Srpske, ali i za ekonomski razvoj lokalne zajednice. Konaĉno, razvoj preduzetni&scaron;tva u Republici Srpskoj vi&scaron;estruko doprinosi razvoju agroprivrede preko: većeg stepena iskori&scaron;ćavanja poljo(privrednih) potencijala, većeg stepena finalizacije poljoprivrednih proizvoda, revitalizaciji sela, smanjenja depopulacije seoskog stanovni&scaron;tva, rasta konkurentnosti, veće zaposlenosti radno sposobnog stanovni&scaron;tva, pa konaĉno i celokupnog ekonomskog razvoja Republike Srpske.</p> / <p>Subject of this dissertation is to determine the importance of entrepreneurship as a factor in the development of agro(business) of Republic of Srpska. Entrepreneurship is an important element of economic development and competitiveness of the economy, and Republic of Srpska is typical example of a country in transition. Therefore, the aspect of entrepreneurship monitored on a macro level, in order to successfully be seen in a segment of the economy - agrobusiness, and then the micro level. In the specific case of the Republic of Serbian, as well as a country in transition, there are still some limitations in order to successfully implement the reform of agricultural and food sector. The main limitations to the further development of these two sectors are unsatisfactory agrarian structure, unresolved agrarian legislation, deficiency of product competitiveness, low utilization of production capacity, etc. In the transitional phase of transformation the agricultural and food sector in the modern market model the crucial role is played by agro(entrepreneurship). The results of this study indicate that in Republic of Srpska has significant potential in both sectors, but they are under-developed. The current agricultural and food sector satisfies the nutritional needs of the local population. On the other hand, there is significant potential for development of agrobusiness which would be provided distribution of these products on the international market. The results indicate the need for more dynamic develop of sector of small and medium-sized enterprises in agrobusiness in Republic of Srpska This assertion confirmed by the results of the survey for the need of research in this dissertation. The results indicate that more signigicant share in agroentrepreneurship in Republic of Srspka have micro- enterprises than small and medium-sized enterprises. In this context, it is justifiable to formation of small and medium enterprises in primary production, while food production has more justified the formation medium-sized companies. Also, for successful management of SME sector in agrobusiness in Republic of Srpska is necessary to provide favorable macro-economic environment (GDP, inflation, labor market, foreign trade and foreign direct investment). Crucial role in further development of agroentrepreneurship in Republic of Srpska have institutional and legal framework for the development of entrepreneurship, through the development of a series of laws and policies, and institutions which are in in the function of development of agrobusiness. Also, the development of entrepreneurial infrastructure is an important factor in promoting entrepreneurship in agrobusiness of Republic of Srpska, but also for the economic development of local communities. Finally, the development of entrepreneurship in the Republic of Srpska have multiple contributions for the development agrobusiness through: a higher level of exploitation agricultural(economic) potential, the greater the level of finished agricultural products, the revitalization of the village, to reduce rural depopulation, increase competitiveness, increasing employment rate of working-age population, and finally and the overall economic development of the Republic of Srpska.</p>

The sustainability of improved pedagogy gained through professional development (PD) of mathematics teachers has undergone little empirical study. In a midsized urban school district in the Northeastern United States, all high school mathematics teachers attended a 3-year mandatory PD program. Although an external evaluator studied this program immediately after completion, there had been no longitudinal study of the perceptions of its participants regarding the sustained benefits of the program. This qualitative study offered a follow-up study of the participants in the Math and Science Partnership (MSP) PD program to provide insight to administrators regarding the sustainability of benefits gained through the MSP program. The conceptual framework for the study consisted of Desimone's model for evaluating PD and Kleining's framework of systematic exploration and inquiry. The participants (N =7) were asked about their perceptions of the value, applicability, longevity, and efficacy of their MSP PD and their suggestions to improve the program. Data were organized and analyzed using Patton's semistructured systematic framework to reveal general consensus as well as anecdotal evidence. The perceptions of the mathematics teachers provided pertinent information that administrators could use to determine the format of future PD. Teachers participating in this study indicated that having a college professor present a combination of content knowledge and pedagogy skills made the MSP program highly effective and long-lasting. Using this feedback, district leaders could institute improved PD, giving their teachers the skill and knowledge to lift their students academically. Closing the mathematics achievement gap may open employment and college opportunities to students which allow them to escape poverty and lead more successful lives.

Le contexte général dans lequel s'inscrivent les travaux développés dans ce mémoire est le contrôle des processus industriels complexes. Ces travaux proposent des nouvelles techniques d'amélioration du contrôle statistique des processus non gaussiens : la carte de contrôle avec des paramètres variables et la carte de contrôle théorique pour la loi de distribution de Rayleigh. Un modèle d'intégration des outils des domaines de l'APC (Automatic Process Control) et de la MSP est proposée et ensuite analysé par le biais des deux modèles de processus réel.

dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) fabricated with through-silicon vias (TSVs) have smaller planar dimensions, shorter wire length, and better performance than 2D ICs. Heat dissipation causing temperature increase has posed new challenges for design of 3D integrated circuits (IC). In addition to the thermal problem, 3D ICs also require careful design of power grids/network because many inter-tier resistive through-silicon vias in 3D IC can cause larger voltage drop than 2D ICs. The performance optimization of a 3D stack requires validation of thermal and electrical integrity during the co-design. Many 3D stacks will combine digital and analog circuitry, requiring a strong mixed-signal design approach. This will require close collaboration between different domains of circuit fabrication which traditionally have been working separately. Hence there must be some standards to facilitate smooth and effective design of 3D ICs. In this thesis, we perform steady-state electrical and thermal simulations to analyze the properties of a 3D stack. We optimize electrical and thermal performance using genetic algorithm to achieve optimized power map profile for minimizing voltage drop and temperature, which can benefit both thermal and power integrity management. This thesis presents initial efforts in designing such standards. Steady state electrical and thermal simulations are performed to demonstrate the necessary information that needs to be exchanged between the dies to ensure adequate co-design. The main purpose of a Design Exchange Format (DEF) between dies is to permit sharing of information necessary for design by external parties without disclosing their intellectual property (IP). The requirements of the standards should be the minimum necessary to produce satisfactory answers. Producing such models is just a customer support function. The role of the standards is to facilitate the transfer of information through a compact model, not necessarily to build one.