This study presents characterization of thermo-mechanical viscoelastic and long-term behaviors of thick-section multi-layered fiber reinforced polymer composite materials. The studied multi-layered systems belong to a class of thermo-rheologically complex materials, in which both stress and temperature affect the time-dependent material response. The multi-layered composites consist of alternating layers of unidirectional fiber (roving) and randomly oriented continuous filament mat. Isothermal creep-recovery tests at various stresses and temperatures are performed on E-glass/vinylester and Eglass/ polyester off-axis specimens. Analytical representation of a nonlinear single integral equation is applied to model the thermo-mechanical viscoelastic responses for each off-axis specimen. Long-term material behaviors are then obtained through vertical and horizontal time shifting using analytical and graphical shifting procedures. Linear extrapolation of transient creep compliance is used to extend the material responses for longer times. The extended long-term creep strains of the uniaxial E-glass/vinylester specimens are verified with the long-term experimental data of Scott and Zureick (1998). A sensitivity analyses is then conducted to examine the impact of error in material parameter characterizations to the overall long-term material behaviors. Finally, the calibrated long-term material parameters are used to study the long-term behavior of multi-layered composite structures. For this purpose, an integrated micromechanical material and finite element structural analyses is employed. Previously developed viscoelastic micromodels of multi-layered composites are used to generate the effective nonlinear viscoelastic responses of the studied composite systems and then implemented as a material subroutine in Abaqus finite element code. Several long-term composite structures are analyzed, that is; I-shaped columns and flat panels under axial compression, and a sandwich beam under the point bending and transmission tower under lateral forces. It is shown that the integrated micromechanical-finite element model is capable of predicting the long-term behavior of the multilayered composite structures.

High-throughput genome sequencing and sequence analysis technologies have created the need for automated annotation and analysis of large sets of genes. The Gene Ontology (GO) provides a common controlled vocabulary for describing gene function. However, the process for annotating proteins with GO terms is usually through a tedious manual curation process by trained professional annotators. With the wealth of genomic data that are now available, there is a need for accurate auto- mated annotation methods. The overall objective of my research is to improve our ability to automatically an- notate proteins with GO terms. The first method, Automatic Annotation of Protein Functional Class (AAPFC), employs protein functional domains as features and learns independent Support Vector Machine classifiers for each GO term. This approach relies only on protein functional domains as features, and demonstrates that statistical pattern recognition can outperform expert curated mapping of protein functional domain features to protein functions. The second method Predict of Gene Ontology (PoGO) describes a meta-classification method that integrates multiple heterogeneous data sources. This method leads to improved performance than the protein domain method can achieve alone. Apart from these two methods, several systems have been developed that employ pattern recognition to assign gene function using a variety of features, such as the sequence similarity, presence of protein functional domains and gene expression patterns. Most of these approaches have not considered the hierarchical relationships among the terms in the form of a directed acyclic graph (DAG). The DAG represents the functional relationships between the GO terms, thus it should be an important component of an automated annotation system. I describe a Bayesian network used as a multi-layered classifier that incorporates the relationships among GO terms found in the GO DAG. I also describe an inference algorithm for quickly assigning GO terms to unlabeled proteins. A comparative analysis of the method to other previously described annotation systems shows that the method provides improved annotation accuracy when the performance of individual GO terms are compared. More importantly, this method enables the classification of significantly more GO terms to more proteins than was previously possible.

The main subject of the thesis is multi-layered historical towns which are formed as a result of collective creation process and continuous inhabitancy that new buildings, edifices and open areas superimpose in time forming a specific character which can be defined as multi-layeredness. Considering the specific character of multi-layered towns, the principles for the presentation of historical stratification is the foremost objective of the thesis. The thesis focuses on &amp / #8216 / presentation principles based on cultural significance of multi-layered historical towns so as to conserve, sustain and present their specific character as an integral part of the conservation process. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to determine presentation principles for multilayered historical towns in order to reveal and conserve their historical stratification by assessing the historical continuities, interruptions and transformations based on the cultural significance of multi-layeredness. Focusing on this aim, the thesis is structured in two parts as the identification of presentation principles for multi-layered historical towns, discussing the information groups effecting the determination of cultural significance followed by the implementation of these principles on a concrete example as the case study. Subsequently, a proposal for the presentation principles guiding the design stages together with the identification of information groups for the determination of cultural significance is apprehended for the case study. The case study selected in the thesis for the implementation of the proposed principles is Tarsus which is a multi-layered historical town in Turkey having presentation potential for historical stratification. To conclude, depending on the cultural significance specific to multi-layered historical towns, presentation is a way for the understanding and dissemination of these significances. The presentation principles set in this thesis can be regarded as a part of the conservation planning that has to be integrated to the existing process and it is possible to state that these principles are essential for the conservation and sustainability of multi-layered character of historical towns.

The major subject of this study is the multi-layered historical towns which are the outcome of continuous inhabitation process. This continuous inhabitation is reflected in the current town by the physical remains belonging to different periods. These remaining elements of the past periods can be conserved, as long as they become an integral part of the current urban context. Thus, sustaining the multi-layeredness requires sustaining the integration of the remaining elements of the former periods with the current context. Thereupon, the main aim of the thesis becomes to develop a method for assessing the integration of historical stratification with the current town in accordance with the physical, visual, functional, social and managerial aspects. Consequently, the main concerns of this thesis are understanding and assessing the historical stratification together with its integration with the current town. This makes possible to expose the factors of disintegration which can provide a basis for defining the strategies and tools for their reintegration with the current urban context. With regard to this aim, the thesis is composed of two parts. In the first part a method for the assessment of the integration of historical stratification with the current context is proposed by considering various factors affecting the integration. It also covers a preliminary discussions on re-integration tools and strategies. In the second part, the proposed method is applied on the case of Amasya which is a multi-layered historical Anatolian town in Turkey. Following this, a preliminary discussion on possible reintegration strategies and tools for the case of Amasya is carried on. The thesis concludes with a general evaluation of the method developed in this thesis for the assessment of the integration of the historical stratification with the current town based on the outcomes of the implementation of the proposed method on the case of Amasya . The method developed in this thesis can be regarded as an initial step for revealing the factors effecting integration of the remains of past periods forming up the historical stratification in multi-layered towns, which can lead to the future possible re-integration strategies and tools in order to provide their sustainable conservation.

Tiriamojo darbo objektas: Stabatiškės aikštelė. Tiriamojo darbo tikslas: išanalizuoti esamą Stabatiškės aikštelės situaciją ir parinkti galimus sausinimo sistemos techninius sprendinius. Tiriamojo darbo uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti kalvotų žemių sausinimo ypatumus ir drėgmės pertekliaus priežastis; 2. Išanalizuoti Stabatiškės aikštelės gamtines sąlygas, numatyti bei parinkti tinkamas sausinimo priemones; 3. Įvertinti Stabatiškės aikštelės topografines, geologines bei hidrogeologines sąlygas; 4. Parinkti galimas sausinimo schemas ir apibūdinti atskirus jų elementus. Tiriamojo darbo metodika: tyrimams panaudoti geologinių, hidrologinių ir hidrogeologinių tyrimų duomenys, jie apibendrinti, susisteminti ir išanalizuoti. Atsižvelgiant į ilgaamžiškumo faktorių, pasiūlyti sausinimo sistemos techniniai sprendiniai. Tiriamojo darbo rezultatai: • atlikus Stabatiškės aikštelės tyrimų analizę, buvo nustatytos pagrindinės priežastys, kodėl teritorijoje toks drėgmės perteklius; • pagal turimus duomenis parinkta optimaliausia sausinimo priemonių sistema; • nustatyta jog teritorija geografiniu, geologiniu ir geotechniniu požiūriu tinkama žemo aktyvumo radioaktyviųjų atliekų saugyklos statybai; • atviri melioraciniai grioviai bei daugiasluoksnis drenažas, tinkamiausias būdas kontroliuoti perteklinį vandenį Stabatiškės aikštelėje. Išvados: Pagrindinis veiksnys lemiantis parinktą sausinimo sistemos tipą yra teritorijos paskirtis. Žinant saugyklos eksploatavimo trukmę (300 metų), reikia... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The subject of the research work: Stabatiske site. The aim of the study: analyze current situation of the Stabatiske site and choose drainage potential technical solutions. The specific aims of this study: 1. Analise the hilly land drainage characteristics and causes of excess moisture; 2. Analise Stabatiske site natural conditions and provide adequate drainage measures; 3. Evaluate Stabatiske site topography, geological and hydro-geological conditions; 4. Select the possible drainage schemes, and describe their individual elements. The methodology of the study: for research was using geological, hydrological and hydro-geological data which was summarized, analyzed and structured. To take account of long-lived factor was offer drainage system technical solutions. Results: • Carried out Stabatiske site research and analysis was identified the main reasons why the territory is in the excess moisture; • According to available data was choose optimal drainage system; • Established the geographic, geological and geotechnical point of view appropriate low-level radioactive waste storage facility construction; • Open reclamation ditches and multi-drainage, is the best way to control excess water in Stabatiske site. Conclusions: The main factor determining the selected type of drainage system is designed area. Knowing the storage lifetime (300 years), need for know suitable drainage complex for that period. Knowing the local water regime and soil composition, the best option to... [to full text]

Conventional yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) are widely used in the gas turbine to protect the substrate material from high temperature. But the common YSZ top coatings have limitations at higher temperature (above 1200 ℃) due to significant phase transformation and intensified sintering effect. Among the list of pyrochlores, gadolinium zirconate offer very attractive properties like low thermal conductivity, high thermal expansion coefficient and CMAS resistance. However, a lower fracture toughness than YSZ and tendency to react with alumina (thermal grown oxide) can lead to lower lifetime. Therefore, multi-layered thermal barrier coating approach was attempted and compared with single layer system. Single layer (YSZ) was processed by suspension plasma spraying (SPS). Double layer coating system comprising of YSZ as the bottom ceramic layer and gadolinium zir-conate as the top ceramic coat was processed by SPS. Also, a triple layer coating system with denser gadolinium zirconate on top of double layer system, was sprayed. Denser gado-linium zirchonate acts as the sealing layer and arrest the CMAS penetration. Isothermal oxidation performance of the sprayed coating systems including bare substrate and sub-strate with bond coat were investigated for a time period of 10hr, 50hr and 100hr at 1150℃ in air environment. Weight gain was observed in all the systems investigated. Microstruc-tural analysis was carried out using optical microscopy, SEM/EDS. Phase analysis was done using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Porosity measurement was made by water impregna-tion method. It was observed that multi-layered thermal barrier coating systems of YSZ/GZ and YSZ/GZ/GZ(dense) showed lower weight gain and TGO thickness than the single layer YSZ for all exposure time (10hr, 50hr & 100hr). The triple layer system had lower weight gain and TGO thickness compared to double layer system due to lower po-rosity content. Also, from the porosity measurement data, it could be seen that sintering effect is more dominant at 10 hr. of oxidation for all the coatings systems.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture strength of monolithic FDPs of multi-layered zirconia (YML) with different connector dimensions and placement in the disc. Material and method: Forty 3-unit monolithic anterior FDPs were produced, 212223, and divided in four groups (n=10) based on the different connector dimensions and strategies for placement in KATANATM Zirconia Yttria Multi-Layered (YML)-disc. The groups were as follows: EB12, produced with 12 mm  connector dimension and EB7, with 7 mm  connector dimension which were both placed in Enamel layer and Body layer 1 (flexural strength: 750 and 1000 MPa, respectively) in the disc, BB12, with 12 mm  connector dimension and BB7, produced with 7 mm  connector dimension both placed in Body layer 2 and 3 (both with 1100 MPa) in the disc. The specimens were artificially aged by 10 000 cycles in thermocycling. Then, one random specimen was selected from each group (4 in total) and cemented onto the model, subsequently loaded to fracture using a universal testing machine. The result was compiled and reported descriptively. Result: The FDP in group BB12 remained intact and fracturing only occurred in this model at 893 N. The FDP in group BB7 demonstrated the highest fracture strength (972 N), followed by EB12 (842 N) and EB7 which showed the lowest fracture strength (465 N). All these three FDPs broke mesially on the pontics. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this pilot study, the following conclusions can be drawn: the fracture strength of monolithic FDPs of multi-layered zirconia is affected by the connector dimension. Placement of FDPs with a small connector area should be avoided in the layers with lower strength. The choice of model material affects the result. / Syfte: Syftet med föreliggande pilotstudie var att undersöka brotthållfastheten påmonolitiska broar av flerskiktad zirkonia (YML) med olika konnektordimensioneroch placering i disken. Material och metod: Totalt framställdes 40 stycken 3-leds monolitiska anteriorabroar, 212223. Broarna delades in i 4 grupper (n=10) efter olikakonnektordimensionering och placering i KATANATM Zirconia YttriaMulti-Layered (YML)-disken. Grupperna var enligt följande: EB12 med 12 mm²konnektordimension och EB7 med 7 mm² konnektordimension där broarnaplacerades i både Enamel Layer och Body Layer 1 (med 750 respektive 1000 MPai böjhållfasthet) i disken. Broarna i grupperna BB12 med 12 mm²konnektordimension och BB7 med 7 mm² konnektordimension placerades i BodyLayer 2 och Body Layer 3 (med 1100 MPa böjhållfasthet för respektive lager) idisken. Broarna genomgick termocykling, 10 000 cykler. Därefter valdes fyrabroar slumpmässigt ut, en bro från varje grupp, och cementerades på modell.Slutligen genomfördes ett brotthållfasthetstest med en universaltestmaskin tillsfraktur uppstod. Resultatet sammanställdes och redovisades deskriptivt. Resultat: Bron i grupp BB12 förblev intakt och fraktur skedde enbart i modellen(893N). Bron i grupp BB7 visade högst brotthållfasthet: 972N, följt av bron igrupp EB12 som visade brotthållfasthet på 842N och bron i grupp EB7 påvisadeden lägsta brotthållfastheten: 465N. Dessa tre broar frakturerade mesialt på dethängande ledet. Slutsats: Inom ramen för föreliggande pilotstudies begränsningar kan följandeslutsatser dras: brotthållfastheten på monolitiska broar i flerskiktad zirkoniapåverkas av konnektordimensioneringen. Placering av broar med mindrekonnektorarea än rekommendationen ska undvikas i skikten med lägre hållfasthet.Valet av modellmaterial har betydelse och påverkar resultatet.

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This dissertation focuses on three major advances on multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The first studies and compares decoding algorithms for multi-layered space time coded (MLSTC) systems. These are single user systems that combine spatial multiplexing and transmit diversity. Each layer consists of a space time code. The detection algorithms are based on multi-user detection theory. We consider joint, interference nulling and cancellation, and spatial sequence estimation algorithms. As part of joint detection algorithms, the sphere decoder is studied and its complexity is evaluated over MIMO channels. The second part contributes to the field of space frequency time (SFT) coding for MIMO-OFDM systems. It proposes a full spatial and frequency diversity codes at much lower number of trellis states. The third part proposes and compares uplink scheduling algorithms for multiuser systems with spatial multiplexing. Several scheduling criteria are examined and compared. The capacity and error rate study of MLSTBC reveals the performance of the detection algorithms and their advantage over other open loop MIMO schemes. The results show that the nulling and cancellation operations limit the diversity of the system to the first detected layer in serial algorithms. For parallel algorithms, the diversity of the system is dominated by the performance after parallel nulling. Theoretically, parallel cancellation should provide full receive diversity per layer but error propagations as a result of cancellation prevent the system from reaching this goal. However, parallel cancellation provides some gains but it doesn't increase the diversity. On the other hand, joint detection provides full receive diversity per layer. It could be practically implemented with sphere decoding which has a cubic complexity at high SNR. The results of the SFT coding show the superiority of the IQ-SFT codes over other codes at the same number of sates. The IQ-SFT codes achieve full spatial and frequency diversity at much lower number of trellis states compared to conventional codes. For V-BLAST scheduling, we propose V-BLAST capacity maximizing scheduler and we show that scheduling based on optimal MIMO capacity doesn't work well for V-BLAST. The results also show that maximum minimum singularvalue (MaxMinSV) scheduling performs very close to the V-BLAST capacity maximizing scheduler since it takes into account both the channel power and the orthogonality of the channel. / Ph. D.

The complicated process may cause the internal defects of multi-layered ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) and result in the malfunctions. This work aims to investigate the deformations of MLCCs that composed of nearly a hundred of BaTiO3 and Ni electrode films interleaved and stacked due to high pressure at elevated temperature. This study focuses on theoretical and numerical analyses. Classical laminated plate theory, linear elastic assumptions and equilibrium equations were adopted. Associated with the texts by Timoshenko and practical manufacturing process, three types of boundary conditions were considered, such as all edges simple-supported, two opposite edges simple-supported and the other two free, and four edges free. Also, two more conditions need be added, including four fixed points at corners and the elastic foundation at bottom. The numerical simulation by finite element method (FEM) incorporated with software ANSYS was used to obtain the displacement field of MLCCs due to high pressure at elevated temperature. The MLCCs were divided into nine regions with suitably different boundary conditions. Compared with the numerical results the analytical solutions of nine regions were found satisfactorily acceptable, i.e., the errors were about 0.1% - 6.2% for the boundary conditions of four edges free and four corners fixed. The errors about 0.13% - 6.15% were also acceptable for the boundary conditions of two opposite edges simple-supported and the others free. However, the analytical solutions did not agree with the numerical results for the case of all the boundary conditions simple-supported. Finally the proposed theoretical methodology provides an analytical method alternatively, instead of FEM and ANSYS, to analyze a nearly hundred layered MLCCs.