Este estudo é uma pesquisa qualitativa, que busca indícios sobre a possibilidade de a inserção do recurso multimídia favorecer (ou não) a elaboração de conceitos sobre ligações intermoleculares para alunos do ensino médio. Foi aplicado em um grupo de 22 alunos do segundo ano, do ensino médio, de uma escola particular da zona sul da cidade de São Paulo. A metodologia foi organizada em dois momentos, contemplando a metodologia de ensino, onde se detalha o material usado e a sequência didática empregada, e a metodologia de pesquisa, onde se detalha os instrumentos de pesquisa utilizados. Como a nossa questão principal envolvia a elaboração conceitual de representações pictográficas e textuais sobre alguns sistemas, fez-se uso de dois questionários, sendo um aplicado antes e outro após o uso do recurso multimídia, de forma a possibilitar ao aluno a chance de reelaborar seus registros viabilizando obtermos informações mais consistentes acerca da possível melhora na elaboração conceitual. Com os questionários respondidos e analisados, percebemos que seria relevante realizarmos entrevistas, ao menos com alguns alunos, visando realizar a triangulação dos dados. De acordo com os resultados houve melhora nas representações macroscópicas e, principalmente, nas representações submicroscópicas, denotando que houve melhora na elaboração conceitual, pois quando há mudança no registro pictográfico, possivelmente o aluno reorganizou seu modelo mental aprimorando-o e isto foi externalizado na sua representação. / This study is a qualitative research, that attempts to find appointments about the possibility of the insertion of multimedia resource to favor (or not) the conceptual elaboration of intermolecular forces by pupils of secondary school. It was applied in a group of 22 pupils of second year of secondary school in a private school of the south zone of São Paulo city. Development was organized in two moments, including methodology of teaching, in which material and the didactic sequence employed were detailed, and the research methodology, in which instruments of research were described. As our main question involved the conceptual elaboration of pictographic and literal representations of some systems, two questionnaires were applied, one before and the other after the use of the multimedia resource to support pupils in reorganizing registers in such a way, that it would be possible to get more consistent information concerning the possible improvement of the conceptual elaboration. Based on the data answered and analyzed from the questionnaires, we have realize that it would be relevant to carry on interviews, at least with some pupils, in order to make the triangulation of results. According to results the macrocospic representations were improved and, mainly, the submicroscopics representations, showing the improvement of conceptual elaboration. Therefore, when it these is change in the pictographic register, the pupil has possibly reorganized his/her mental model, improving it as externalized in its representation.

[pt] Este trabalho faz parte de projeto LAN Based Real Time Audio Systems (LANBRETAS) que tem como finalidade o desenvolvimento de um sistema de comunicação com integração de voz e dados. Realizado numa cooperação entre a Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC/RJ), o Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME) e o centro Científico Rio da IBM Brasil, o LANBRETAS oferece, entre outros, um Serviço de Correio Eletrônico. O objetivo desta tese é o propor uma nova versão deste Serviço com base na padronização X.400 do CCITT: novas funcionalidades são oferecidas, assim como previsto o suporte para mensagens multimídia que incluam imagem fixa. / [en] This thesis is a part of the LAN Based Real Time Audio Systems (LANBRETAS) project, cosponsored by Pontifícia Universidade Católica of Rio de Janeiro (PUC/RJ), Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME) and IBM Brasil. The LANBRETA aims the implementation of a communication system that integrates voice and data. The main objective of this thesis is to propose a new edition, based on the X.400/CCITT padronization, of the Eletronic Mail Service ofered by LANBRETAS to increase the features ofered and to suport multimedia messages that include fixed image informations.

The first idea of "Art Education" came to my mind when I wrote M.A. thesis entitled:“ The Role of Art in Training and Teaching Children 6-11”, Ten years ago. I was eager to enhance my study to new planning methods of Art universities. The objective of this idea was to open up our cultural institutions to the wider community, to promote learning and to extend the reach of new technologies. So, as a PhD student I liked to work on the idea of values and the hope for development. I left all my past behind to enliven my ambition in the way of innovative art. In the world of communication and digital, I was looking for a way to connect human‟s intellectual values and global digital. I tried to perceive the reality of human‟s nature despite the extraordinary progress in computer and its components. Therefore, it is now appropriate to move our attention to what we might do as teachers in higher education to evaluate the quality of our own work, with the key aim of improving the quality of students learning. Because, a teacher has a unique role, requiring the integration of teaching skills and capability to take an active role in curriculum support, design and implementation. I had so many interviews with many digital artists around the world which made me to question myself: Where am I standing now? What do I intend my artwork to impart? As the global communication has brought artist to communicate globally they intend to suggest the new thinking and new form of art. It is no longer art for art but art for communication and conveys a meaning to observers. Regarding to Oliver Wedell who interprets the best of a book he found, can also be a good expression for me in art: "The best of a book is not the thought which it contains, but the thought which it suggests; just as the charm of music dwells not in the tones but in the echoes of our hearts." Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894), American physician and writer. (Wendell Holmes). This thesis has set out to provide a review of progress in the British universities post 60s. There was historical evidence of this tendency going back into the 19th century, when colleges founded to serve the educational needs of the growing industrial cities turned into the technological universities. The intensity of the certain of new system in England was occurred after World War II. Following post war concern about the need for technical education, and deciding to establish some colleges linked to industry. Indeed, the evaluation of new industry and demanding for reformation, become one of the most important goals in England in those days. Academic atmosphere became institutionalised on policy for technical education in 1950s and 1960s. Appendix 1 contains the main intention to explore the progressive movement of higher education in England. However, It was not the aim to provide a comprehensive theory of the history of education but, in short, I have narrowed my attention to the history of art universities in England since 18th century up to now. So, appendix II, concentrates on the creation of the new system after the 60s and have explored how and why the process of improvement expanded during that period. Chapter 1 with the subject "Digital Art and Iranian Education" has addressed approaches to teaching for creativity in art and illustrates how they can provide rich opportunities for students to discover experience and develop their skills in creative area. The questions here: How can creativity be communicated through teaching? Do we have a specific language for creativity in art? How can we explain the importance of creativity in art? How can teachers make the teaching process itself more creative? would be an overview of teaching and learning process. As it can be an important factor for teachers to know and demonstrate “when”, “where” and “which” language can be matched by creative subject material to avoid creative problem. Actually, creative problem solving depends on using the right tools such as, text, graphics, picture, video, links, searching, random scanning, backtracking, multiple windows, with programmable access and control of other resources such as, spreadsheets, databases, CAD, CD-ROMs, video discs, audio discs, tricks, procedures or methods of analysis. In some cases new tools and methods of analysis must be developed from scratch by the inventor before a problem can be solved and in other cases special tools and procedures must be developed to take the final critical step of enabling successful commercial applications after a university education. Recent technological advances in the arts have created the possibility of new ways of teaching and learning. Identifying successful strategies and techniques for enabling universities to advance is a critical step towards making these goals a reality. This chapter analyse the following conceptual approaches as key issues: Restructuring curriculum and policy in Iranian arts faculties, promoting faculty development and students‟ learning in the context of global standards. More specific issues included: Is there a need for a standard model to deliver university goals? How can we adapt the curriculum? What do we want from creativity and how can we be more creative? Chapter 2 discusses the quality of teaching and learning, resulting in improvements throughout undergraduate education. Therefore, Iranian educational context needs to be considered. I have argued that to increase faculty members‟ effectiveness, the existing competitive, individualistic college structure needs to be transformed to provide a collaborative and innovative environment where the use of computers could emerge as a new practice area. Chapter 3 represents that creative use of computers in digital art is important in learning and teaching. This chapter gives an account of the author‟s experiences in digital printmaking, not just as pieces of art work, but also to develop teaching and learning strategies for Iranian art universities. Chapter 4 states that the development of a professional digital art practice has been an essential task faced by many creative professionals today. The application of digital technologies discussed in this chapter is: What is needed in order to identify a dynamic practice and critical debate relative to educational contexts? How can we visualize the practice and theory of digitalisation? In particular, what is the nature of the collaboration that explores new models of working and practice relevant to the discovery of new methods in future? Indeed, the intersection between digital paintings, the physical body, and multimedia in collaboration with music and video art is one that this chapter discusses as a challenging teaching exemplar in forming learning values. The result promotes a new fine art context that breaks the crossing between the arts. Chapter 5 reveals the world of modern physics and the reality of our mind and our conscious self. The study of quantum physics is the further aim to develop artists‟ consciousness and inner expression for the concept of body energy and interactivity in chapter 6. Chapter 6 considers the hidden values to learn how to focus well on mind throughout the physical body. The collaborative digital art practice has analysed the intellectual activity and produced an interactive visual arts. The study of human being fused my imagination to see and express body in a new form of art as my final project. Chapter 7 examines and explores the idea of using digital art as a form of multimedia project and the opportunity of developing new techniques in performance. These explorations need to develop new tools to facilitate the emerging concept of the higher spatial dimensions, human body and their relationship between art and technology. The intention of this chapter, as a closing chapter, was to suggest a developing a programme, as a short experiential artwork to model a virtual form of the body and to explore the nature of consciousness in the world of the imagination.

The purpose of this project was the specification, design and implementation of a prototype 2-D MPEG-4 authoring tool. A literature study was conducted of the MPEG-4 standard and multimedia authoring tools to determine the specification and design of a prototype 2- D MPEG-4 authoring tool. The specification and design was used as a basis for the implementation of a prototype 2-D MPEG-4 authoring tool that complies with the Complete 2-D Scene Graph Profile. The need for research into MPEG-4 authoring tools arose from the reported lack of knowledge of the MPEG-4 standard and the limited implementations of MPEG-4 authoring tools available to content authors. In order for MPEG-4 to reach its full potential, it will require authoring tools and content players that satisfy the needs of its users. The theoretical component of this dissertation included a literature study of the MPEG-4 standard and an investigation of relevant multimedia authoring systems. MPEG-4 was introduced as a standard that allows for the creation and streaming of interactive multimedia content at variable bit rates over high and low bandwidth connections. The requirements for the prototype 2-D MPEG-4 authoring system were documented and a prototype system satisfying the requirements was designed, implemented and evaluated. The evaluation of the prototype system showed that the system successfully satisfied all its requirements and that it provides the user with an easy to use and intuitive authoring tool. MPEG-4 has the potential to satisfy the increasing demand for innovative multimedia content on low bandwidth networks, including the Internet and mobile networks, as well as the need expressed by users to interact with multimedia content. This dissertation makes an important contribution to the understanding of the MPEG-4 standard, its functionality and the design of a 2-D MPEG-4 Authoring tool. Keywords: MPEG-4; MPEG-4 authoring; Binary Format for Scenes.

Få människor vet hur datorer fungerar, vilka komponenter de är uppbyggda av och hur dessa samverkar. I detta examensarbete har en prototyp till en multimediepresentation utvecklats. Presentationen kommer att placeras på ett datorhistoriskt museum och dess syfte kommer där att vara att hjälpa människor förstå hur datorer fungerar. Prototypen är baserad på bilder och enklare animationer som förklarar samverkan och funktion hos de olika datorkomponenterna, bland annat genom att visa scenarier som många människor troligtvis känner igen från sin vardag. Målet med arbetet har varit att inskaffa kunskap kring hur multimedia kan användas för att illustrera tekniska processer, samt kunskap kring hur multimediepresentationer skall utveck-las. Därför har en systemutvecklingsmetod tagits fram som är anpassad till denna typ av system och som använts vid utvecklingen av prototypen. Systemutvecklingsmetoden är av iterativ modell, eftersom det visat sig att ett iterativt arbetssätt är att föredra framför ett linjärt vid multimedieutveckling. Detta beror på att det i denna typ av arbete där det till en början oftast är oklart vilka krav och önskemål som finns på slutprodukten är svårt att gå enkelriktat genom utvecklingsprocessen, d v s att göra ett steg helt färdigt innan nästa påbörjas. När det gäller multimedia är en slutsats att det med fördel kan användas för att visa och förklara tekniska förlopp och att det verkar vara ett användbart hjälpmedel inom utbildning och museiverksamhet.

Webbaserade informationssystem innehåller allt fler inslag av multimedia och multimediateknik tillämpas av många typer av informationssystem. World Wide Web som plattform för informationssystem är mycket speciell och har egenskaper som gör den unik, som t ex distributionsegenskaper och flexibilitet. Begränsningar i form av överföringskapacitet och bandbredd gör att multimedia på webbplatser måste användas med försiktighet för att dessa multimediabaserade webbplatser ska bli användbara. Användbarhet är ett mycket viktigt begrepp och bör ligga till grund för all webbdesign. Denna undersökning redogör för vilka konsekvenser multimedia får på webbplatser med avseende på användbarhet och redovisar ifall multimedia förhöjer användbarheten på webbplatser eller inte. Åsikter och synpunkter ges ur systemutvecklarperspektiv samt ur användarperspektiv. Undersökningen innefattar även en litteraturstudie. Resultatet visar att multimedia måste användas med försiktighet och kunskap om hög användbarhet skall uppnås. Undersökningen påvisar att multimediainslag inte alltid uppskattas av användare till lika hög grad som hos systemutvecklare och författare av facklitteratur.

Multimedia och informationssystem integreras allt mer. I detta arbete beskrivs informationssystem med multimedialt gränssnitt som multimediasystem. Likväl integreras utvecklingsarbetet och utvecklare från skilda discipliner arbetar med utveckling av en gemensam produkt. Innehållsproducenter och tekniker, med skilda fokus och skilda referensramar, arbetar gemensamt. På grund av skilda referensramar uppstår frekventa kommunikationsproblem. I detta arbete undersöks huruvida Use Case som beskrivningsteknik kan användas för att reducera kommunikationsproblem mellan innehållsproducenter och tekniker i utveckling av webbaserade multimediasystem. I detta arbete har en intervjustudie genomförts med utvecklare av webbaserade multimediasystem samt en literaturstudie genomförts. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att det är möjligt att använda Use Case som beskrivningsteknik i utveckling av webbaserade multimediasystem. Undersökningen visar även att Use Case som beskrivningsteknik kan användas i ett kommunikativt syfte mellan innehållsproducenter och tekniker i utveckling av webbaserade multimediasystem.

This research aimed to provide insight into the use and possible value of purpose built multimedia computer software for the study of English Literature. The software in question was developed in light of many years practical experience of teaching English Literature to secondary school students preparing for external examinations and was designed with the aim of improving their knowledge and understanding of particular works of literature. Informed by a critique of the main research findings about ICT use in learning and teaching since the period when computers were introduced into mainstream schools from the 1980s, the empirical research investigated two of the most prominent theoretical and practical perspectives that have been applied to understanding the relationship between educational resources and learning: Learning Styles Theory and Cognitive Load Theory. These two approaches and their associated instrumentation were applied in a quasi-experimental controlled empirical study in four schools in the north-east of England where the multimedia software was used with groups of students embarking on a study of Shakespeare's Macbeth for GCSE examination. Learning Styles theory and the instrumentation used (Kolb's LSI and Honey & Mumford's LSQ) proved less successful than Cognitive Load Theory in demonstrating reliability and validity and therefore in explaining the relationship between different instructional resources and individual learning. The theoretical integrity and usefulness of these two approaches is discussed and, in particular, the rationale behind the continued use of Learning Styles was explored via interview with school faculty who gave reasons of face validity; the pressure from external inspection; the mechanisms through which they were held professionally accountable; senior management and institutional policy; the legacy of initial teacher training; and established classroom practice. Students using the multimedia software demonstrated improvements in their knowledge and understanding of Macbeth equivalent on average to one GCSE grade above those not using the multimedia resource and Cognitive Load Theory was found to be successful in explaining this and in predicting the relationship between instructional resource and the learning gains of individuals. Limitations of the study are drawn along with conclusions for further research and for enhancing teaching and learning with multimedia resources.

Ingeniero Civil Electricista / Las redes móviles de tercera generación (3G) brindan servicios de voz y datos en forma separada mediante conmutación de circuitos y conmutación de paquetes, en una misma tecnología. En cambio, una red Long Term Evolution (LTE) presenta un enfoque exclusivo al uso de datos de manera All IP (todo con Internet Protocol), de modo que las llamadas deben ser cursadas mediante Voz sobre IP (VoIP) en una red de conmutación de paquetes. Esto se logra haciendo uso de un núcleo de paquetes IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), a través de servidores Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). De esta manera, se heredan los problemas de un servicio ofrecido por mejor esfuerzo mediante IP, surgiendo la gran necesidad de establecer Calidad de Servicio (QoS), mecanismo que establece prioridad de tráfico según las aplicaciones a las cuales acceden los usuarios. Así, resulta obligatorio monitorear el correcto funcionamiento de este mecanismo para cumplir con los acuerdos de nivel de servicio establecidos con el usuario. En este escenario, las mediciones de Calidad de Experiencia (QoE), son clave. El presente trabajo de título tiene como objetivo general diseñar e implementar una metodología para medir indicadores de QoE y QoS en aplicaciones multimedia Over The Top (OTT), en una red de laboratorio LTE/IMS. Para esto, se implementa un IMS Open Source en una red de área local (LAN), lo que sirve como prototipo de verificación para el correcto desempeño de los servicios y herramientas de medición, así como también para tener un punto de comparación de los valores logrados por la metodología en el caso LTE/IMS. El resultado del trabajo es una metodología compuesta por 5 pruebas de concepto, las cuales miden un indicador específico de calidad de acuerdo al servicio y a la modalidad de acceso (Internet, o vía operador). Dichas pruebas son verificadas en dos escenarios de tráfico: (i) el óptimo, que consiste en no establecer más de una sesión multimedia en la red; y (ii) el congestionado, que emula el comportamiento de una red con tráfico. Se logra obtener indicadores de calidad en las redes LAN/IMS y LTE/IMS. De lo anterior, se obtienen herramientas docentes para realizar capacitaciones y cursos de LTE e IMS orientados al estudio de QoS y QoE en la Universidad de Chile. Este trabajo constituye, por un lado, un acercamiento práctico a la medición y monitoreo de QoE aplicable a una red móvil LTE; y, por otro, a nivel docente, entrega una plataforma de medición y de estudio para las nuevas arquitecturas móviles. Esto último permite proponer como trabajos futuros los siguientes temas: estudio del impacto de la movilidad y de las políticas de control de recursos en el QoE, en servicios sobre LTE; implementación de la interconexión de LTE a la telefonía fija a través de IMS y una Central Telefónica IP tipo Asterisk; y, por último, un estudio del sincronismo audio-video en un servicio de videostreaming montado sobre LTE haciendo uso de herramientas de medición de QoE.

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