The thesis project focuses on the narrative and uses identity as its subject matter. The narrative is examined through digitally manipulated imagery as a dynamic system of performative sense making implicated in both self-creation and reality creation. The fundamental role of narrative in creating self/identity and community/history, as embedding contexts is considered. The role of variously language and acts, community, disnarration, and the limits of systems are examined in relation to identity and issues of intelligibility, coherence, and 'tellability'. The work which results from an examination of this area are semionautic emplotments of operally mediated events in a quasi-mimetic experiential evocation of real life, that is "true fictions".

本論文研究與分析的對象是兩位客家作家，亦即吳濁流與王幼華，嘗試解釋多重認同概念與這兩位作家的關聯，進而再把視野延伸至台灣新文學的發展過程中。 本文的第一章先是由客委會推廣「多重認同」的概念談起，第二章則試著為多重認同的理論意涵進行釐清。於本文的第三章當中，本研究已然指出，《亞細亞的孤兒》裡面已經蘊含了多重認同的想法，而在本文的第四章裡面，吳濁流更提出了類似民主化的論點，期望不同的族群可以藉由認同台灣來解決認同歧異性的問題。就本文的第五章來說，解嚴後崛起的小說家王幼華，其實已經表明自身早已具備了多重認同的思維。而在第六章裡面，王氏的重要長篇小說《廣澤地》與《土地與靈魂》，都可說是一種多重認同概念的體現。循此，從吳濁流到王幼華，這兩位橫跨近百年台灣新文學發展史的客家作家，各自以不同的方式與多重認同的觀念產生了關聯。 多重認同的概念，不論是吳濁流抑或是王幼華，都是他們的身分認同的真實處境。對吳濁流來說，族群認同的問題，不應該構成國家認同的障礙，大家應該秉持民主的精神，共同為台灣的發展而努力，反過來說，不同族群之間的多重認同，應該也可以是促成台灣進一步民主深化的要素。就王幼華來說，由他對於多元文化發展的肯定就可以看出，倘若說多元文化會有助於台灣的民主深化，那麼，多重認同的概念也就會有助於民主化的進展。 / This thesis will investigate and analyze two Hakka writers: Zhuoliu Wu and Youhua Wang. This thesis will also try to explain these two writers’ texts from the viewpoint of multiple identity, and then locate this concept of multiple identity in the development of Taiwan new-vernacular literature. Chapter One discusses the concept of multiple identity spread by Council for Hakka Affairs, and Chapter Two tries to define clearly the theoretical meaning of this concept. Chapter Three suggests that the idea of multiple identity is already embedded in Orphan of Asia. In Chapter Four, Wu brings up an idea similar to the concept of democratization with the expectation that different ethnic groups can resolve the problem of diverse identities by identifying themselves with Taiwan. In Chapter Five, Wang, a writer of the generation after ended martial law, tells us that he has possessed the idea of multiple identity. And in Chapter Six, two important novels, Swampy ground and Land and Soul, represent the concept of multiple identity. Accordingly, Wu and Wang relate the concept of multiple identity in his own way, and the writing course of these two Hakka writers almost stretches over the development of Taiwan new-vernacular literature. For both Wu and Wang, the concept of multiple identity could be viewed as their true situation. For Wu, the problem of ethnic identity should not be an obstacle of national identity, and everyone should try hard to develop Taiwan. In other words, multiple identities among different ethnic groups will contribute the further consolidation of Taiwan’s democratization. For Wang, according to his confirmation of multiculturalism, we can understand that if multiculturalism has a contribution to the consolidation of Taiwan’s democratization, the concept of multiple identity will be conducive to Taiwan’s democratization.

This study uses a longitudinal case study approach to observe change in ‘US and THEM-thinking’. Its purpose is to increase awareness of identity processes among participants and to test if the Attitude-Behaviour-Context-Triangle (the ABC-triangle) may be a way to achieve that. The ABC-triangle is modified as an ‘identity-analysis tool’ rather than a ‘conflict-analysis tool’.               Aspects relating to recognition of multiple identity affiliations compared to singular-identity categorisation is of interest. The traditional identity theories suggest that high identity salience increase singular-identity categorisation and thereby increase positive emotions for ingroup and negative emotions for outgroup. This study is partly based on the social identity perspective but complements it with Thoits’ identity-accumulation hypothesis and Hogg’s uncertainty-identity theory. Hogg’s theory locates uncertainty reduction as a main contributor to singular-identity categorisation together with its’ implied negative consequences. Hogg’s solutions are located both in multiple identity affiliations, as do Thoits, and in perceived cognitive ability to deal with uncertainty. This study emphasises awareness of identity processes to be the single most important factor for decreasing negative views of ‘THEM’. Overlooked in the more dominant theories of this area, it finds that recognition of multiple identity affiliations influences the perceived singular-identity terms imposed by an ‘US and THEM-situation’. Thereby, challenging imposed identity-restrictions and perceived intergroup competition. Furthermore, it questions the theoretical importance given to identity salience in previous research and theories since high identity salience, in this case, does not equal a singular-identity categorisation or increase negative views of ‘others’.

No description available.

Depuis 2004, les médias sociaux en ligne ont connu une croissance considérable. Ce développement rapide a eu des effets intéressants pour augmenter la connexionet l'échange d'informations entre les utilisateurs, mais certains effets négatifs sont également apparus, dont le nombre de faux comptes grandissant jour après jour.Les sockpuppets sont les multiples faux comptes créés par un même utilisateur. Ils sont à l'origine de plusieurs types de manipulations comme la création de faux comptes pour louer, défendre ou soutenir une personne ou une organisation, ou pour manipuler l'opinion publique. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons SocksCatch, un processus complet de détection et de groupage des sockpuppets composé de trois phases principales : la première phase a pour objectif la préparation du processus et le pré-traitement des données; la seconde phase a pour objectif la détection des comptes sockpuppets à l'aide d'algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique; la troisième phase a pour objectif le regroupement des comptes sockpuppets créés par un même utilisateur à l'aide d'algorithmes de détection de communautés. Ces phases sont déclinées en trois étapes : une étape "modèle" pour représenter les médias sociaux en ligne, où nous proposons un modèle général de médias sociaux dédié à la détection et au regroupement des sockpuppets ; une étape d'adaptation pour ajuster le processus à un média social spécifique, où nous instancions et évaluons le modèle SocksCatch sur un média social sélectionné ; et une étape en temps réel pour détecter et grouper les sockpuppets en ligne, où SocksCatch est déployé en ligne sur un média social sélectionné. Des expérimentations ont été réalisées sur l'étape d'adaptation en utilisant des données réelles extraites de Wikipédia anglais. Afin de trouver le meilleur algorithme d'apprentissage automatique pour la phase de détection de sockpuppet, les résultats de six algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique sont comparés. En outre, ils sont comparés à la littérature où les résultats de la comparaison montrent que notre proposition améliore la précision de la détection des sockpuppets. De plus, les résultats de cinq algorithmes de détection de communauté sont comparés pour la phase de regroupement de Sockpuppet, afin de trouver le meilleur algorithme de détection de communauté qui sera utilisé en temps réel. / Since 2004, online social medias have grown hugely. This fast development had interesting effects to increase the connection and information exchange between users, but some negative effects also appeared, including fake accounts number growing day after day. Sockpuppets are multiple fake accounts created by a same user. They are the source of several types of manipulation such as those created to praise, defend or support a person or an organization, or to manipulate public opinion. In this thesis, we present SocksCatch, a complete process to detect and group sockpuppets, which is composed of three main phases: the first phase objective is the process preparation and data pre-processing; the second phase objective is the detection of the sockpuppet accounts using machine learning algorithms; the third phase objective is the grouping of sockpuppet accounts created by a same user using community detection algorithms. These phases are declined in three stages: a model stage to represent online social medias, where we propose a general model of social media dedicated to the detection and grouping of sockpuppets; an adaptation stage to adjust the process to a particular social media, where we instantiate and evaluate the SocksCatch model on a selected social media; and a real-time stage to detect and group the sockpuppets online, where SocksCatch is deployed online on a selected social media. Experiments have been performed on the adaptation stage using real data crawled from English Wikipedia. In order to find the best machine learning algorithm for sockpuppet's detection phase, the results of six machine learning algorithms are compared. In addition, they are compared with the literature, and the results show that our proposition improves the accuracy of the detection of sockpuppets. Furthermore, the results of five community detection algorithms are compared for sockpuppet's grouping phase, in order to find the best community detecton algorithm that will be used in real-time stage.

No description available.

L’Orient de la Princesse Bibesco comporte plusieurs facettes et dépasse la dimension spatiale. Dans cette recherche, nous avons abordé premièrement une expérience « antérieure » à l’existence terrestre de Marthe, dévoilée dans ses mémoires– La Nymphe Europe. Livre I. Mes vies antérieures . Cette première partie nous l’avons appelée l’Orient historique/ hérité. Ensuite, notre recherche met en question un Orient créé (au palais de Mogoşoaia, sa résidence roumaine qu’elle appelle « un coin d’Orient »), un autre Orient vécu et idéalisé dans des notes de voyages où elle se montre plutôt une observatrice subjective et parfois critique. Finalement un Orient conservé est dévoilé dans le folklore roumain représentant d’une part, le retour aux sources de l’humanité et d’autre part, l’élément exotique pour le public étranger. La vocation pour cette culture est constante dans la plupart des œuvres bibesciennes et exploitée sous différentes formes. Ce concept n’aura jamais dans son œuvre un sens dépréciatif, bien au contraire. Marthe Bibesco cherche la légende, le charme, le mirage orientaux. Pour elle le terme Orient ne désigne pas cet espace clos d’où tout le monde veut s’évader, mais la terre authentique, capable d’offrir à l’explorateur le plus beau spectacle. / Princess Marthe Bibesco’s Orient enfolds many facets and it rises above the spatial dimension. In our research, we have especially centred round the “historical” or the “inherited” Orient, identified in her memoirs La Nymphe Europe. Livre I. Mes vies antérieures , and the “created” Orient (at Mogosoaia Palace, her Romanian residence). The second part of the research paper emphasizes the “experienced”/ “real” Orient as space narrated in her notes on travelling where the Princess proved to be a subjective observer and rarely a critic. At last, the Orient appears as “preserved” in the Romanian folklore. The latter represents on one hand, the return to origins and on the other hand, it becomes the exotic element for the foreign audience. The vocation for this culture is constantly found in Bibesco’s work and exploited in many different ways. This concept will never have a disparaging sense, on the contrary. Marthe Bibesco is in search of legend, charm, oriental mirage. For her the term “Orient” does not suggest closed space, but authentic territory, capable of offering to the explorer the most spectacular performance.