京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第21167号 / 人博第839号 / 新制||人||202(附属図書館) / 29||人博||839(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生文明学専攻 / (主査)教授 水野 眞理, 教授 髙谷 修, 准教授 桒山 智成, 教授 丸橋 良雄 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

Bien que l'œuvre de Nathalie Sarraute ne traite pas directement du double en tant que motif littéraire, il n'en demeure pas moins que la poétique du double constitue la base d'une large part de ses récits et se manifeste précisément par le biais de la figure de l'équivoque, grâce à une rhétorique qui met en jeu l'inlassable dynamique entre le visible et l'invisible, le dicible et l'indicible, la surface et le contenu, le trompe l'œil et le sous-entendu. Pour révéler la vaste gamme de phénomènes qui s'intègrent à la définition du double chez Sarraute, nous allons nous inspirer, comme elle, de ses lectures de Dostoïevski, écrivain qui entame avec Le Double une métamorphose de la figure héritée de la littérature fantastique. Cette étude porte donc sur la relation qui se tisse entre les textes de Sarraute et Dostoïevski du point de vue de l'évolution de la figure du double. Par la mise en scène d'un sujet en crise qui intériorise l'altérité tout en la reniant sans relâche, Dostoïevski, plus encore que d'autres, semble avoir fourni à Nathalie Sarraute une riche matière de réflexion sur l'identité du personnage, de l'auteur et de l'œuvre littéraire en général. Dès lors que l'altérité perturbe l'unité de toute représentation, le lecteur est conduit à osciller constamment soit entre deux niveaux différents de la réalité, celui des apparences et des ressentis, soit entre les multiples interprétations de ces derniers. L'écriture des tropismes, ces mouvements intérieurs sous-jacents, apparaît de la sorte comme l'écriture de ce qui n'est pas seulement double, mais multiplication de doubles et division infinie. / Even if Nathalie Sarraute's work does not provide an explicit interpretation of the double as a literary device for articulating the experience of self-division, it is obvious that the poetics of the double is present in a wide part of her novels by the means of a rhetoric which brings into play the dynamics of the relationship between what can be visible and invisible, be said and not, the surface and the contents, the illusion and the allusion. In order to study the broad range of phenomena that can be associated to Sarraute's definition of the double, we have been inspired, as herself, by the readings of Dostoevsky, who starts, with The Double, a process of metamorphosis of doppelganger inherited from the fantastic literature. So, the main purpose of our research is to analyze the various relationships that exist between the texts of Sarraute and Dostoevsky from the point of view of the evolution of the double. By drawing a subject in crisis divided between his ambiguous necessity of interiorizing the otherness and denying it, Dostoevsky seems to lead Nathalie Sarraute to question the nature and identity of the characters, of the author and even of the literary work. Since the otherness disturbs the unity of any representation, the reader is lead to waver all the time either between the two different levels of the reality, that of the illusory appearances and that of the tropisms, or between the multiple interpretations of these last ones. Sarraute's writing becomes then writing not only of the double, but also of the multiplication of doubles and of the infinite division.

This thesis deals with syntactic relation of subject-predicate agreement in Czech, concentrating on special cases. The theoretical part describes the term "agreement" in terms of the traditional dependency approach, presents the definition of the term and specifies its width. It describes the subject-predicate agreement from from other theoretical perspectives, too (for example generative grammar analysis etc.). The main part of this theoretical chapter contains particular cases of subject-predicate agreement, as described in Czech grammars and textbooks. However, this description does not take into account all options and variants of agreement used in everyday conversation. Therefore, we investigate the problem of agreement through an empirical survey, which serves us to identify more complex cases (multiple subject with disjunctive, adversative and compared relation between its constituents; based on the cases found in the Czech National Corpus). Another source of data comes from a questionnaire, which maps how complex agreement structures are acquired by users of the language (students of the Faculty of Arts, Charles University). The data found in Czech National Corpus enable us to specify tendencies of agreement in more complicated cases; these tendencies should be included in the grammatical...