Thèse--Zurich. / Bibliography: p. 93-95.

Thèse--Zurich. / Bibliography: p. 93-95.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar as principais características da obra Nathalie Sarraute (1900-1999) aos leitores brasileiros por meio da análise de seu primeiro livro, Tropismes(1957/1996), publicado inicialmente em 1939. Para isso, recorreu-se às obras críticas e teóricas sobre o Nouveau Romane a uma análise de aspectos fundamentais deste primeiro livro. Concluiu-se que, embora relacionada às tendências do Nouveau Roman de inovação na forma e no conteúdo da narrativa, Nathalie Sarraute apresenta uma poéticabastante singular na tentativa de revelar os tropismos, movimentos interiores e complexos pouco perceptíveis, porém presentes no cotidiano. / This dissertation aims to present the main features of Nathalie Sarrautes work (1900-1999) to the brazilian public through the analysis of her first book, Tropismes(1957/1996) initially published in 1939. Therefore, we used the critical and theoretical works on the Nouveau Romanand an analysis of the main characteristics of this first book. It was concluded that, although related to the Nouveau Romantrend of innovation in form and content of the narrative, Nathalie Sarraute presents a rather unique poeticsin attempt to reveal the tropisms, complex andinner movements wich are barely noticeable, but present in everyday life.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar as principais características da obra Nathalie Sarraute (1900-1999) aos leitores brasileiros por meio da análise de seu primeiro livro, Tropismes(1957/1996), publicado inicialmente em 1939. Para isso, recorreu-se às obras críticas e teóricas sobre o Nouveau Romane a uma análise de aspectos fundamentais deste primeiro livro. Concluiu-se que, embora relacionada às tendências do Nouveau Roman de inovação na forma e no conteúdo da narrativa, Nathalie Sarraute apresenta uma poéticabastante singular na tentativa de revelar os tropismos, movimentos interiores e complexos pouco perceptíveis, porém presentes no cotidiano. / This dissertation aims to present the main features of Nathalie Sarrautes work (1900-1999) to the brazilian public through the analysis of her first book, Tropismes(1957/1996) initially published in 1939. Therefore, we used the critical and theoretical works on the Nouveau Romanand an analysis of the main characteristics of this first book. It was concluded that, although related to the Nouveau Romantrend of innovation in form and content of the narrative, Nathalie Sarraute presents a rather unique poeticsin attempt to reveal the tropisms, complex andinner movements wich are barely noticeable, but present in everyday life.

Le monde de la tour et de la ville de Babel représente dans sa lecture moderne l’univers monolithique de ceux qui parlent la même langue. L’altérité n’y a pas sa place. Quand le monde ordonné bascule dans la confusion et la folie, les babéliens se dispersent et les différences s’installent. La prise en compte par le « chercheur de tropismes » des liens entre même et autre, l’évaluation de la juste distance entre intégration au sein d’une communauté et solitude informe la dynamique de la création sarrautienne. L’hypersensible, figure de l’autre, expérimente toutes les formes de rejet et toutes les tentatives d’assimilation. La régression vers le monde indéterminé des origines où les rumeurs du monde ne l’atteignent pas, permettent au « chercheur de tropismes » de se faire pleinement créateur. La figure du créateur se décline dans les figures symétriques de l’enfant, du fou et du pauvre. L’humilité seule permet au créateur de percevoir la matière ténue de la création. La recherche explore les différentes modalités qui permettent la saisie de la multiplicité à travers notamment les différentes métamorphoses du monde qui bascule dans l’irréel et à travers les manifestations de la folie. L’œuvre explore la question essentielle de la résistance à l’oppression portée par les discours d’autorité. Cette recherche permet ainsi également de resituer la création sarrautienne dans un discours qui prend en compte, même de manière indirecte par le biais de l’imaginaire, la vie et les problèmes de la cité réelle. / In its modern reading, the world of the tower and city of Babel represents the monolithic world of those who speak the same language. The Otherness has no place within its boundaries. When the order of the world is thrown into confusion and madness, the babelians disperse and differences arise. The way the 'researcher of tropisms' takes into account the links between self and other, and considers the right distance between integration within a community and loneliness, helps to shape the sarrautian dynamics of creation. The hypersensitive character represents the other. He experiments all the forms of rejection and all the attempts at assimilation. Regression to the undetermined world of origins, the place where the whispers of the world are not heard, allows the 'researcher of tropisms' to be fully creative. The figure of the creator is symmetrical to the figure of the child, the madman and the poorman. Only humility allows the creator to collect the tenuous material of creation. The study explores the various ways that enable to capture the multiplicity especially through the various metamorphoses of the world when it falls into unreality and into madness. The work explores the fundamental question of resistance to oppression carried by the authoritative discourse. This research also allows to resituate the sarrautian creation in a speech that takes into account the life and problems of the real city, even indirectly through the imaginary.

Thesis (PhD--French)--University of Auckland, 2010. / At head of title: The University of Auckland, School of European Languages and Literature in joint registration with / en cotutelle avec Univeristé Paris 8 (Vincennes-Saint Denis), UFR Historie, Littératures, Sociologie, Départment de Littérature Française. "A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in French and Comparative Literature, the University of Auckland = Thése pour obtenir le grade de Docteur en Langues et Littératures Françaises Université Paris 8 (Vincennes-Saint Denis), 28.1.2010."

Thesis (M.A.)--Kent State University, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed April 21, 2010). Advisor: Maryann De Julio. Keywords: Tropismes; Childhood; Enfance; betrayal; education; non-dit. Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-67).

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar como se deu a recepção ao \"novo romance\" no Brasil, notadamente no \"Suplemento Literário\", caderno cultural que integrava o jornal O Estado de São Paulo, e foi publicado entre os anos de 1956 e 1974. Inicialmente, foi feita uma apresentação geral do \"novo romance\", destacando-se suas principais obras e o contexto histórico-social do qual fazia parte. O \"novo romance\", movimento surgido em meados dos anos 1950 na França, causou um abalo nas estruturas da arte do romance, levando certos autores a questionar e a rejeitar as técnicas tradicionais - notadamente as de inspiração balzaquiana - da concepção romanesca, que consideravam desgastadas e ultrapassadas. Entre os autores que fizeram parte do movimento e que são abordados neste trabalho, pode-se ressaltar Alain Robbe-Grillet, Michel Butor, Nathalie Sarraute e Claude Simon. Apesar de haver outros escritores integrantes do \"novo romance\", esses foram os que tiveram maior divulgação no \"Suplemento Literário\". Um dos capítulos é dedicado a Claude Simon, cujo enfoque está no prêmio Nobel de Literatura que o escritor ganhou em 1985. Neste capítulo, são estudados diversos artigos de jornais e revistas que comentaram o assunto à época, e que reagiram de forma variada a essa conquista. Alguns artigos foram analisados isoladamente mas, sempre que possível e havendo pontos de contato entre eles, procurei fazer um cotejo, visando estabelecer semelhanças e diferenças, salientando opiniões contrárias e favoráveis. Para proceder à análise dos artigos e entender a reação da crítica diante das obras dos novos romancistas, tomei como base a teoria da recepção de Hans Robert Jauss, que estabelece a instância do leitor na realização da obra, a partir do conceito de \"horizonte de expectativas\". / The aim of this thesis is the analysis of the reception to the \"nouveau roman\" through the articles presented by \"Suplemento Literário\", a book of reviews published by O Estado de São Paulo, from 1956 to 1974. Firstly, we presented the general characteristics of the \"nouveau roman\" by introducing its main writers and its social and historic background. The \"nouveau roman\" was a literary movement started in the late 50\'s of the twentieth century that changed the way to produce and read novels, by rejecting the traditional techniques, mainly those related to Balzac\'s style of writing, considered as obsolete. Amongst all of the writers belonging to the \"noveau roman\" movement, we pointed out Allain-Robbe Grillet, Michel Butor, Nathalie Sarraute and Claude Simon. Even considering the fact that there were other important writers, those were the ones most referred by the authors who wrote articles to the \"Suplemento Literário\". One of the chapters of the thesis is dedicated to Claude Simon, Nobel Prize in Literature in 1985. In this chapter, we collected articles published in 1985 from newspapers and magazines in order to analyse the repercussion of the award granted to him. Some of the articles were studied separately, but, when we could find common ideas in their contents, we examined the articles in a way to emphasize differences and similarities, and different points of view. The reception theory, created by Hans Robert Jauss, was our point of reference to settle the approach of the articles as well as to understand all the reaction of the experts who criticize the novels produced by the writers of \"nouveau roman\".

Bien que l'œuvre de Nathalie Sarraute ne traite pas directement du double en tant que motif littéraire, il n'en demeure pas moins que la poétique du double constitue la base d'une large part de ses récits et se manifeste précisément par le biais de la figure de l'équivoque, grâce à une rhétorique qui met en jeu l'inlassable dynamique entre le visible et l'invisible, le dicible et l'indicible, la surface et le contenu, le trompe l'œil et le sous-entendu. Pour révéler la vaste gamme de phénomènes qui s'intègrent à la définition du double chez Sarraute, nous allons nous inspirer, comme elle, de ses lectures de Dostoïevski, écrivain qui entame avec Le Double une métamorphose de la figure héritée de la littérature fantastique. Cette étude porte donc sur la relation qui se tisse entre les textes de Sarraute et Dostoïevski du point de vue de l'évolution de la figure du double. Par la mise en scène d'un sujet en crise qui intériorise l'altérité tout en la reniant sans relâche, Dostoïevski, plus encore que d'autres, semble avoir fourni à Nathalie Sarraute une riche matière de réflexion sur l'identité du personnage, de l'auteur et de l'œuvre littéraire en général. Dès lors que l'altérité perturbe l'unité de toute représentation, le lecteur est conduit à osciller constamment soit entre deux niveaux différents de la réalité, celui des apparences et des ressentis, soit entre les multiples interprétations de ces derniers. L'écriture des tropismes, ces mouvements intérieurs sous-jacents, apparaît de la sorte comme l'écriture de ce qui n'est pas seulement double, mais multiplication de doubles et division infinie. / Even if Nathalie Sarraute's work does not provide an explicit interpretation of the double as a literary device for articulating the experience of self-division, it is obvious that the poetics of the double is present in a wide part of her novels by the means of a rhetoric which brings into play the dynamics of the relationship between what can be visible and invisible, be said and not, the surface and the contents, the illusion and the allusion. In order to study the broad range of phenomena that can be associated to Sarraute's definition of the double, we have been inspired, as herself, by the readings of Dostoevsky, who starts, with The Double, a process of metamorphosis of doppelganger inherited from the fantastic literature. So, the main purpose of our research is to analyze the various relationships that exist between the texts of Sarraute and Dostoevsky from the point of view of the evolution of the double. By drawing a subject in crisis divided between his ambiguous necessity of interiorizing the otherness and denying it, Dostoevsky seems to lead Nathalie Sarraute to question the nature and identity of the characters, of the author and even of the literary work. Since the otherness disturbs the unity of any representation, the reader is lead to waver all the time either between the two different levels of the reality, that of the illusory appearances and that of the tropisms, or between the multiple interpretations of these last ones. Sarraute's writing becomes then writing not only of the double, but also of the multiplication of doubles and of the infinite division.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar como se deu a recepção ao \"novo romance\" no Brasil, notadamente no \"Suplemento Literário\", caderno cultural que integrava o jornal O Estado de São Paulo, e foi publicado entre os anos de 1956 e 1974. Inicialmente, foi feita uma apresentação geral do \"novo romance\", destacando-se suas principais obras e o contexto histórico-social do qual fazia parte. O \"novo romance\", movimento surgido em meados dos anos 1950 na França, causou um abalo nas estruturas da arte do romance, levando certos autores a questionar e a rejeitar as técnicas tradicionais - notadamente as de inspiração balzaquiana - da concepção romanesca, que consideravam desgastadas e ultrapassadas. Entre os autores que fizeram parte do movimento e que são abordados neste trabalho, pode-se ressaltar Alain Robbe-Grillet, Michel Butor, Nathalie Sarraute e Claude Simon. Apesar de haver outros escritores integrantes do \"novo romance\", esses foram os que tiveram maior divulgação no \"Suplemento Literário\". Um dos capítulos é dedicado a Claude Simon, cujo enfoque está no prêmio Nobel de Literatura que o escritor ganhou em 1985. Neste capítulo, são estudados diversos artigos de jornais e revistas que comentaram o assunto à época, e que reagiram de forma variada a essa conquista. Alguns artigos foram analisados isoladamente mas, sempre que possível e havendo pontos de contato entre eles, procurei fazer um cotejo, visando estabelecer semelhanças e diferenças, salientando opiniões contrárias e favoráveis. Para proceder à análise dos artigos e entender a reação da crítica diante das obras dos novos romancistas, tomei como base a teoria da recepção de Hans Robert Jauss, que estabelece a instância do leitor na realização da obra, a partir do conceito de \"horizonte de expectativas\". / The aim of this thesis is the analysis of the reception to the \"nouveau roman\" through the articles presented by \"Suplemento Literário\", a book of reviews published by O Estado de São Paulo, from 1956 to 1974. Firstly, we presented the general characteristics of the \"nouveau roman\" by introducing its main writers and its social and historic background. The \"nouveau roman\" was a literary movement started in the late 50\'s of the twentieth century that changed the way to produce and read novels, by rejecting the traditional techniques, mainly those related to Balzac\'s style of writing, considered as obsolete. Amongst all of the writers belonging to the \"noveau roman\" movement, we pointed out Allain-Robbe Grillet, Michel Butor, Nathalie Sarraute and Claude Simon. Even considering the fact that there were other important writers, those were the ones most referred by the authors who wrote articles to the \"Suplemento Literário\". One of the chapters of the thesis is dedicated to Claude Simon, Nobel Prize in Literature in 1985. In this chapter, we collected articles published in 1985 from newspapers and magazines in order to analyse the repercussion of the award granted to him. Some of the articles were studied separately, but, when we could find common ideas in their contents, we examined the articles in a way to emphasize differences and similarities, and different points of view. The reception theory, created by Hans Robert Jauss, was our point of reference to settle the approach of the articles as well as to understand all the reaction of the experts who criticize the novels produced by the writers of \"nouveau roman\".