Thesis. 1977. M.C.P.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography : leaves 170-172. / by George W. Leung. / M.C.P.

Thesis (S.J.D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1972. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 304-315).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the concept of clean audit reports in relation to service delivery. The study was conducted in the Amathole District Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province and centred on the audit outcome of the municipality for the 2013/2014 financial year. A qualitative research design was adopted in order to conduct the study and the data was collected through the conducting of semi-structured interviews. The research sample comprised officers who were employed by the Amathole District Municipality and one manager from the office of the Auditor-General. The key findings of the study revealed that, at present, the concept of a clean audit outcome is used by municipal officers to imply that the performance of an organisation is to be assessed mainly on the basis of evidence which is provided by financial indicators, to the exclusion of non-financial benchmarks. This assumption tends to encourage municipal officers to strive towards impressing auditors, rather than serving their communities through the providing of adequate service delivery. In addition, the auditing of municipalities does not assess their performance in relation to service delivery and the ways in which communities at the local level are affected by it. At present it appears to be beyond the remit of auditors to investigate the validity of the protests which erupt in communities in response to poor service delivery or whether the members of communities and other affected stakeholders are satisfied or dissatisfied with the manner in which services are rendered by their municipalities. Consequently, those who are tasked with the making of decisions in municipalities act upon the recommendations which are made in their audit outcomes and formulate plans in relation to service delivery or projects which do not necessarily accord with the needs of the communities which they are intended to serve. Consequently, on the basis of the findings of this study, it is proposed that assessments of the performance of organisations should incorporate non-financial indicators into the auditing process. Adopting this approach would minimise incidences of municipalities receiving clean audit outcomes while the members of the communities which they serve take to the streets to express their anger and frustration as a result of poor service delivery.

nÃo hà / A Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal surge como forma de disciplinar os gastos pÃblicos e controlar o endividamento. Contudo, à nÃtido que o endividamento ainda à caracterÃstico dos municÃpios. O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu em verificar quais sÃo os indicadores determinantes do endividamento dos municÃpios cearenses. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um modelo economÃtrico abrangendo os 184 municÃpios, no perÃodo de 2001 a 2012, que verifica se os indicadores financeiros jà estudados por outros autores e se outras variÃveis denominadas de comportamentais âpolÃticasâ sÃo, de fato, determinantes no endividamento pÃblico. Os resultados encontrados indicam que a estrutura de capital à a variÃvel de maior relevÃncia para a explicaÃÃo do endividamento municipal. Os resultados sugerem, tambÃm, que as variÃveis despesas com pessoal, despesa com investimento, reeleiÃÃo e eleiÃÃo possuem relaÃÃo positiva com o endividamento pÃblico, porÃm, com pequeno poder de influÃncia. A variÃvel financeira liquidez e as comportamentais âpolÃticasâ sexo, idade e grau de instruÃÃo do gestor nÃo apresentaram significÃncia estatÃstica. O grau de dependÃncia se apresentou negativamente relacionado com o endividamento pÃblico e, tambÃm, com baixo poder de explicaÃÃo. Os gestores de partido de direita sÃo mais conservadores, dado o Ãndice de significÃncia negativo. Ressalta-se que, os resultados encontrados por esta pesquisa estÃo limitados aos municÃpios cearenses, ao perÃodo estudado e Ãs variÃveis escolhidas. / The Fiscal Responsibility Law emerges as a way to discipline public spending and debt control, although, it is clear the indebtedness is still a feature of Municipalities. This research aimed to verify which indicators are critical for indebtedness of municipalities in CearÃ. Therefore, an econometric model was developed, covering 184 municipalities from 2001 to 2012, to analyse whether other authors had already studied these financial indicators and if other variables called behavioral "policies" are determinants of public debt. The results indicate the capital structure is the most important variable for the clarification of municipal indebtedness. The results also suggest that the variable "personnel expenses", "spending on public investment", "re-election" and "election" have positive connection with public indebtedness, but little influence. The financial variable âliquidityâ and the behavioral ones, "political", gender, age and education level of the manager, were not statistically significant. The degree of dependence resulted negatively related to the public debt, and with low explanatory power. Right-wing-party managers are more conservative and tend to present a negative index of significance. The results of this research are restricted to the municipalities of CearÃ, studied period and chosen variables.

Orientador: Carlos Américo Pacheco / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T04:44:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zimmermann_Gustavo_D.pdf: 1939316 bytes, checksum: 950886ef302cb42ad6c2a8915bdd7eae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Esse trabalho é dedicado às finanças públicas municipais e tem como fio condutor a evolução do sistema tributário brasileiro, de seus primeiros arranjos coloniais aos dias atuais. Objetiva, por um lado, reunir elementos históricos das finanças dessa esfera de governo e, por outro, identificar e analisar os precedentes do desenho tributário vigente e destacar algumas de suas características e problemas atuais. Nesse percurso se procurou juntar diversas experiências do autor, buscando contribuir com o registro da trajetória e dos fenômenos da política fiscal dos municípios no Brasil nas últimas décadas do século passado. Da longa caminhada se constatou que as mudanças tributárias, contemplaram novas correlações de força ou necessidades econômicas, mas sempre conservaram elementos dos arranjos anteriores. Assim, apesar da esfera municipal ter sido a verdadeira origem do direito tributário brasileiro e ter sido muito variada suas possibilidades de arrecadação, a história da tributação municipal no Brasil é a história da crescente prevalência das fontes tributárias urbanas sobre as rurais e do esvaziamento de seu potencial de arrecadação em favor das esferas superiores de poder. Com a intensificação da urbanização, a cada nova reformulação, mais era ampliava o sistema de transferência intergovernamental de recursos. Paradoxalmente, ao mesmo tempo em que as finanças municipais foram progressivamente se circunstancial vendo aos fatos urbanos, cresceram as dificuldades jurídicas infraconstitucionais contra a cobrança de taxas ao fornecimento de serviços públicos prestados (iluminação pública, coleta de lixo, combate à sinistros, varrição de ruas etc.). A análise feita evidenciou inúmeras dificuldades para a tributação municipal e particularmente os impactos devastadores da inflação sobre a arrecadação dessa esfera de governo. Evidenciou também as principais dificuldades do sistema de transferências intergovernamentais de recursos em cumprir com seus objetivos de mitigar as desigualdades entre as unidades federativas. A análise dessa realidade prevalecente nas últimas décadas evidenciou nas finanças municipais as marcas de ciclos políticos administrativos que afetam de diversas maneiras sua fiscalidade. / Abstract: This paper is dedicated to municipal finance and is guiding to the evolution of the Brazilian fiscal system from early colonial arrangement to today. The first aim is to gather historical elements of this sphere of government finances and, secondly, to identify and analyze the previous structure of existing tax and highlight some of its characteristics and problems. Sought to throughout the research join several experiences of the author, seeking to help with recording the history and with phenomena of the fiscal policy of the municipals in Brazil in the last decades of the last century. After the search was found that the tax changes, was contemplated to a new force correlations or economics necessities, but always retained elements of earlier arrangements. Thus, despite the municipal level have been the true origin of the Brazilian tax law and have been very varied collection of its possibilities, the history of municipal taxation in Brazil is the story of the increasing prevalence of tax sources on the urban and rural and emptying collection?s potential in favor of the higher spheres of power. With the intensification of urbanization, with an each new revision, more was amplified the intergovernmental transfer system resources. Paradoxically, at the same time that municipal finances were circumstantial gradually the urban facts, also were increasing the difficult of legal infra constitutional against the charging fees to the provision of public services (street lighting, garbage collection, combat casualties, street sweeping etc). The analysis revealed numerous difficulties for the municipal taxation and in particularly showed the devastated impact of inflation on the collection of this sphere of government. Also showed mains challenges to intergovernmental system resources to fulfill the objectives of mitigating the inequalities between the federal units. The analysis of this reality is prevailing in recent decades and showed that in municipal finances the marks of administrative political cycles is affecting their control of the fiscal system in several ways. / Doutorado / Teoria Economica / Doutor em Ciências Econômicas

Orientador: Eduardo Fagnani / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T19:50:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AriasVazquez_Daniel_D.pdf: 3559419 bytes, checksum: b28e0fb507aaff394b03c7dbdd638f93 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Esta tese analisa os mecanismos institucionais que permitiram maior controle do governo federal sobre a gestão fiscal e a execução das políticas descentralizadas, de competências partilhadas e de caráter universal (educação e saúde), no período posterior à implantação do Plano Real. O objetivo da regulação federal era impedir que os governos subnacionais adotassem um comportamento antagônico às diretrizes de ajuste fiscal estabelecidas pela política macroeconômica e, ao mesmo tempo, ampliar a oferta descentralizada e reduzir as desigualdades horizontais no financiamento das políticas de educação e saúde. A questão que surge é: como conciliar o ajuste fiscal com a expansão do gasto descentralizado nestas áreas? A resposta está na utilização da regulação federal como mecanismo de ajuste para, primeiramente, adequar o comportamento fiscal dos governos subnacionais às metas de superávit primário por meio de regras e limites que restringiram a autonomia decisória dos governantes e, em seguida, estabelecer prioridade de gasto e direcionar recursos para as políticas reguladas através de mudanças nas regras de financiamento destas políticas. As estratégias jurídico-institucionais foram bastante diversificadas, com o intuito de fornecer incentivos corretos que contemplassem os interesses federativos e que fossem adequados ao legado da política em questão. Desta forma, optou-se por realizar um estudo detalhado dos aspectos institucionais, federativos e fiscais da Lei Responsabilidade Fiscal - LRF e das reformas nas políticas de educação (Fundef/ Fundeb) e de atenção básica de saúde (SUS), cuja capacidade de regulação destes mecanismos será mensurada pelos efeitos provocados nas finanças municipais e pelos resultados obtidos nas políticas reguladas. Este estudo demonstrou que houve uma convergência em relação ao ajuste e que a LRF garantiu um equilíbrio fiscal no longo-prazo em nível municipal, bem como foram registrados avanços significativos em relação à ampliação da oferta de matrículas no ensino fundamental e na produção de ações de atenção básica de saúde, com redução das desigualdades horizontais entre os municípios brasileiros. A despeito destes avanços, os níveis de gasto público em educação e saúde no Brasil ainda permanecem baixos e foram apontadas evidências dos limites impostos pela política econômica à participação da União no financiamento destas áreas, em função da subordinação do gasto social em relação às despesas financeiras. / Abstract: This thesis analyzes the institutional mechanisms that have allowed greater control by the central government on the fiscal management and on the decentralized policies execution, with shared competence and universality character (education and health), in the period after Real Plan. The federal regulation aims to prevent local governments to adopt an antagonistic behavior of the guidelines established by the fiscal and macroeconomic policy and, in the same time, increasing supply and reduce horizontal inequalities in the funding of education and health policies. The question that arises is: how to reconcile the fiscal adjustment with the expansion of the decentralized spending in these areas? The answer pass by the role of federal regulation as a mechanism to adjust, first of all, the behavior of fiscal adjustment by means of rules and limits that restrict the decision-making autonomy of the rulers and then, in second, to set priorities and direct resources for the regulated policies. The legal and institutional strategies used were quite diverse, in order to provide proper incentives for each situation, which involve federal interests and consider the legacy of these policies. In this way, this work make a detailed study of the institutional, federative and fiscal aspects of the Fiscal Responsibility Law - FRL and about the changes in arrangements for financing education policies (Fundef / Fundeb) and basic health care (SUS), whose the capacity of these mechanisms to set federal regulation will be measured by the effects in the municipal finances and by the results obtained in the regulated policies. This study demonstrated that a convergence tendency on the direction of the fiscal adjustment and that the LRF has established a long-term balance in the municipal budget, and was observed a expressive increase in the supply of basic education and actions for basic health care, with reduction of horizontal inequalities between the municipalities. Despite these advances, the levels of public spending on education and health in Brazil are still low and were evidences about the limits imposed by economic policy to the central government spend in these areas, due to the subordination of social federal spending because of the increasing in the financial spends. / Doutorado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Doutor em Desenvolvimento Economico

In an attempt to address the challenges of audit queries in a sustainable way and improve service delivery. Municipality should deal with causes of disclaimer and adverse opinion which are reflected on their audit report. This study focuses on the role of the Municipal Public Accounts Committee in the financial management of the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality. Challenges facing the Municipal Public Accounts Committee include lack of capacity, lack of co-operation from municipal departments and lack of knowledge and skill in municipal management. This study investigated the role of the Municipal Public Accounts Committee in the financial management of the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality. Particular attention was paid to the various roles played by the Municipal Public Accounts Committee making a contribution towards improving municipal financial management.

Though it can be argued that the new democratic government has made tremendous strides in its first decades of democracy, continuing poverty and inequality tends to undermine the gains. Faced by this development dilemma, the government has adopted various development endeavours in an attempt to address issues of social and economic development. The topic of Local Economic Development has received considerable attention from both government and scholars in recent years. At the heart of the concept of LED are enshrined the goals of creating employment and promoting the economic growth and development of a locality or local area. It is in this context that the main objective of the study was to investigate the implementation of Local Economic Development as a cross-cutting dimension in the Integrated Development Plan of the Inkwanca Municipality of in the Eastern Cape Province. The construction of a bridge in the town of Sterkstroom was used as a case study to assess the ability of the municipality to plan and implement a LED project in a coordinated and integrated manner. The study used the combination of both methods of data collection, namely the qualitative and quantitative methods. The tool used to collect data was an interview schedule which consisted of open and closed ended questions. Findings by this study revealed that LED planning and implementation within the municipality does not receive the priority it so deserves and therefore it can not be regarded as the panacea for the development challenges confronted by the community in the municipality. Since LED has failed to create sustainable jobs and grow the local economy, questions can be raised about the efficiency of the municipality in its implementation of LED as a cross–cutting dimension. There appears to have been little cooperation with the LED Unit on the implementation of the Sokoyi Bridge construction project. Neither was there a concerted effort on the part of the municipality to use the project to build skills among the workers that they could use in future initiatives. The study revealed that the line function departments within the municipality could not plan their activities and programmes in a coordinated and integrated manner. Planning is characterised by ‘silo-functioning’. Furthermore, intergovernmental coordination amongst the various spheres of government has been and remains a challenge. Intergovernmental coordination and collaboration needed to be strengthened. The Integrated Development Plan of the municipality which is supposed to be a strategic coordination and integration tool has failed to achieve its objective and as such planning happens in an ad hoc and fragmented fashion. A plan-led system is needed to bring focus and allow long term public interest to guide the development of places. The National Development Plan state that “it will take time to create this capability, drawing on fuller understanding of the limitations of current arrangements and incorporating the lessons of good international practise.” (NDP, 2011: 263). Having a policy in place does not guarantee that there will be developmental or pro-poor outcomes. This study indicated that there are real capacity constraints in local government to plan in an integrated and coordinated manner. The Inkwanca Municipality did not use the developmental opportunities presented by the bridge construction project to its fullest extent. A lack of coordination limited the ability of the municipality to move beyond short-term job creation through a more integrated programme that could have had a broader positive impact on the residents of the Inkwanca municipality.

Public Administration and Management / M. Admin. (Public Administration)

Non-compliance with pieces of legislation may be considered the root cause of qualified, disclaimer and adverse opinions that continue to emerge in South African municipalities. One of those pieces of legislation is the Municipal Finance Management Act 56 of 2003. The study has assessed compliance with the Municipal Finance Management Act at Blouberg Municipality in terms of public consultation and management of the municipal budget. The researcher has used qualitative method in this study. Public consultation plays a significant role in a budgetory process of the Municipality, Municipal Finance Management Act 56 of 2003 requires Municipalities to take public views into consideration when compiling a budget. The objectives of local government are often defeated by maladministration because of non- compliance with legislations such as Municipal Finance Management Act 56 of 2003. This can be supported by audit outcomes (2011-11) from the office of the Auditor General. The report states that during the year 2010-11 forty Municipalities had not been audited because they did not submit annual financial statement on time which is a requirement in terms of the MFMA. The objective of the study is to assess compliance with the Municipal Finance Management in the Blouberg Municipality in terms of Public consultation and the competency of the Municipal officials to implement MFMA. During the study, it was found that Blouberg Municipality has embarked on Municipal Finance Management training in order to capacitate its officials to be able to implement MFMA and little has been done in terms of public consultation as members of the public were not aware of their responsibilities in terms of the Municipal budget. It is recommended that the Municipality should review its communication strategy to ensure maximum participation of the public and to create a conducive environment for public participation. / Public Administration and Management / M. P. A