Submitted by Haroudo Xavier Filho (haroudo.xavierfo@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-15T12:42:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese - Josinielde.pdf: 2544573 bytes, checksum: 9fae0da90b7aafc0d9097046f8c5a60b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-15T12:42:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese - Josinielde.pdf: 2544573 bytes, checksum: 9fae0da90b7aafc0d9097046f8c5a60b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / CAPES / Esta tese procura analisar o processo de fragmentação dos limites internos da Paraíba, nas décadas de 1950 e de 1960, efetivado por meio da criação de 130 municípios, mais que quadruplicando o número de unidades municipais do estado. Nesse período, sob influência da redemocratização política do país, amparada na Constituição de 1946, coube às unidades federativas regularem a sua malha municipal. Além disso, o texto constitucional e outras normativas ampliaram os repasses fiscais para estados e municípios. Nesse contexto político-institucional, a criação de municípios marcou todos os estados, sendo a Paraíba aquele que, proporcionalmente, mais elevou localidades distritais à condição de município. A reflexão sobre esse processo está inserto no campo de uma história política, sob o embasamento conceitual de que o município é um espaço social e historicamente produzido, inserido em disputas e convergências políticas vividas por diferentes atores, por ensejar um território de poder. As emancipações distritais foram apoiadas pela sociedade local, com o argumento de que os distritos eram “esquecidos” pela sede municipal. Foram conduzidas pela elite política estadual, a partir dos deputados estaduais, que apresentaram os projetos emancipacionistas, e dos governadores, que os sancionaram. Nesses projetos, as emancipações foram anunciadas como uma política pública estratégica para o “desenvolvimento” local, com a formação de unidades de governo que seriam “independentes” e que teriam acesso a mais recursos fiscais, em um momento em que esses recursos foram ampliados e distribuídos de acordo com o número de municípios de cada estado. A pesquisa objetivou problematizar esse discurso, analisando como a criação desses territórios municipais reproduziu novos espaços de poder para grupos políticos locais de base familiar, tradicionais ou emergentes, e serviu a interesses políticos e eleitorais de segmentos da elite estadual. No desenvolvimento do trabalho, além da pesquisa bibliográfica, realizou-se uma pesquisa documental no arquivo da Assembleia Legislativa e em jornais de circulação estadual e um levantamento de dados em diferentes instituições, como o IBGE e o TRE. / This thesis aims to analyze the process of fragmentation of the internal limits of Paraíba state in the 1950s and 1960s, implemented from the creation of 130 municipalities - more than the quadruple of the number of municipalities of the state. During this period, influenced by the political re-democratization of the country, and according to the 1946 Constitution, the federal units took responsibility for the regulation of the organization of municipalities. Furthermore, the Constitution and other normative documents increased fiscal transfers to states and municipalities. In this political and institutional context, the creation of new municipalities was evidenced in all states, and Paraíba was the one that proportionally presented the highest number of districts which were promoted to the conditions of municipalities. Reflection on this process is embedded in the field of political history, under the conceptual background that the municipality is a historically produced and social space, inserted in disputes and political convergences experienced by different actors, providing an area of power. The districts emancipations were supported by the local community, with the argument that the districts had been "neglected" by the municipal headquarters. These emancipations were conducted by the state political elite; from state legislators, which presented the emancipation projects; and the governors, responsible for the sanction of the requests. In these projects, the emancipations were announced as a strategic public policy for the local "development", forming units of government that would be "independent" and have access to more tax resources, when these ones have been expanded and distributed according to the number of municipalities in each state. The research aimed to discuss this speech, analyzing how the creation of these municipal territories reproduced new spaces of power to local family-based political groups, traditional or emerging ones, and served the political and electoral interests segments of the state elite. This work includes, besides bibliographical research, a documentary research conducted in the archives of Legislative Assembly of Paraíba state and state newspapers, and data collection with institutions, such as Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) and Tribunal Regional Eleitoral, Paraíba (TRE-PB).

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-27T13:27:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese - Josinielde.pdf: 2544573 bytes, checksum: 9fae0da90b7aafc0d9097046f8c5a60b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:27:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese - Josinielde.pdf: 2544573 bytes, checksum: 9fae0da90b7aafc0d9097046f8c5a60b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / CAPEs / Esta tese procura analisar o processo de fragmentação dos limites internos da Paraíba, nas décadas de 1950 e de 1960, efetivado por meio da criação de 130 municípios, mais que quadruplicando o número de unidades municipais do estado. Nesse período, sob influência da redemocratização política do país, amparada na Constituição de 1946, coube às unidades federativas regularem a sua malha municipal. Além disso, o texto constitucional e outras normativas ampliaram os repasses fiscais para estados e municípios. Nesse contexto político-institucional, a criação de municípios marcou todos os estados, sendo a Paraíba aquele que, proporcionalmente, mais elevou localidades distritais à condição de município. A reflexão sobre esse processo está inserto no campo de uma história política, sob o embasamento conceitual de que o município é um espaço social e historicamente produzido, inserido em disputas e convergências políticas vividas por diferentes atores, por ensejar um território de poder. As emancipações distritais foram apoiadas pela sociedade local, com o argumento de que os distritos eram “esquecidos” pela sede municipal. Foram conduzidas pela elite política estadual, a partir dos deputados estaduais, que apresentaram os projetos emancipacionistas, e dos governadores, que os sancionaram. Nesses projetos, as emancipações foram anunciadas como uma política pública estratégica para o “desenvolvimento” local, com a formação de unidades de governo que seriam “independentes” e que teriam acesso a mais recursos fiscais, em um momento em que esses recursos foram ampliados e distribuídos de acordo com o número de municípios de cada estado. A pesquisa objetivou problematizar esse discurso, analisando como a criação desses territórios municipais reproduziu novos espaços de poder para grupos políticos locais de base familiar, tradicionais ou emergentes, e serviu a interesses políticos e eleitorais de segmentos da elite estadual. No desenvolvimento do trabalho, além da pesquisa bibliográfica, realizou-se uma pesquisa documental no arquivo da Assembleia Legislativa e em jornais de circulação estadual e um levantamento de dados em diferentes instituições, como o IBGE e o TRE. / This thesis aims to analyze the process of fragmentation of the internal limits of Paraíba state in the 1950s and 1960s, implemented from the creation of 130 municipalities - more than the quadruple of the number of municipalities of the state. During this period, influenced by the political re-democratization of the country, and according to the 1946 Constitution, the federal units took responsibility for the regulation of the organization of municipalities. Furthermore, the Constitution and other normative documents increased fiscal transfers to states and municipalities. In this political and institutional context, the creation of new municipalities was evidenced in all states, and Paraíba was the one that proportionally presented the highest number of districts which were promoted to the conditions of municipalities. Reflection on this process is embedded in the field of political history, under the conceptual background that the municipality is a historically produced and social space, inserted in disputes and political convergences experienced by different actors, providing an area of power. The districts emancipations were supported by the local community, with the argument that the districts had been "neglected" by the municipal headquarters. These emancipations were conducted by the state political elite; from state legislators, which presented the emancipation projects; and the governors, responsible for the sanction of the requests. In these projects, the emancipations were announced as a strategic public policy for the local "development", forming units of government that would be "independent" and have access to more tax resources, when these ones have been expanded and distributed according to the number of municipalities in each state. The research aimed to discuss this speech, analyzing how the creation of these municipal territories reproduced new spaces of power to local family-based political groups, traditional or emerging ones, and served the political and electoral interests segments of the state elite. This work includes, besides bibliographical research, a documentary research conducted in the archives of Legislative Assembly of Paraíba state and state newspapers, and data collection with institutions, such as Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) and Tribunal Regional Eleitoral, Paraíba (TRE-PB).

La politique de réforme et de modernisation de l’État engagée par les gouvernements français successifs a visé à mettre l’organisation territoriale de la République aux standards des grandes démocraties occidentales comme l’indique l’avant-propos du dernier projet de loi de décentralisation. La question du nombre de communes en France est partie prenante de cette réflexion. C’est ainsi que la loi du 16 décembre 2010, sous l’influence du rapport rendu par le comité Balladur en mars 2009 et qui s’intitulait «il est temps de décider » a eu pour ambition d’engager la création d’un nouveau dispositif de fusion de communes : «la commune nouvelle». L’objectif est de poser les fondements de la commune du 21ème siècle en facilitant les fusions de communes par l'amélioration du système né de la loi Marcellin du 16 juillet 1971 qui avait connu un succès limité. La récente proposition de loi déposée par le député maire de Lons le Saunier Jacques Pélissard vise à « consolider, améliorer et rendre plus attractif le dispositif de commune nouvelle dans un contexte de nécessaire optimisation de notre organisation territoriale. » 3) Les enjeux : La France et l’Europe font face à une métamorphose économique qui les oblige à s’interroger sur leur organisation administrative. La construction européenne, la mondialisation, et le contexte de crise généralisée auquel la France est confrontée l’oblige à s’interroger sur l’efficacité de ses structures publiques. L’organisation territoriale de la France est-elle à même de répondre aux exigences d’action publiques que le 21ème siècle exige ? Une structure pluriséculaires comme la commune peut elle se moderniser pour faire face ? Bon nombre de pays voisins de la France ont drastiquement réduit le nombre de leurs communes. Le Royaume uni possède 4000 seulement pour une population comparable à celle de la France. Mais s’arrêter à la dimension financière ou structurelle de la commune cacherait le fait que la décentralisation est d’abord et avant tout un processus démocratique et historique. La commune occupe une place centrale dans ce dispositif démocratique français. 4) La problématique :Ce tableau général de la France du début du 21ème siècle nous amène à nous interroger sur la nature de ce nouveau régime. Quels sont les ressorts, les enjeux et les perspectives du régime des « communes nouvelles » et que nous dit-il sur l’avenir de la commune en France? Par la commune nouvelle, assiste-t-on au renforcement de la commune? Ou assiste-t-on au contraire à une dynamique de disparition progressive de la commune au profit d’ensembles plus larges, le régime de commune nouvelles étant un outil de plus de la transformation des structures territoriales historiques par la recherche d’un optimum de l’efficacité. Cette approche nous amènera nécessairement à nous interroger sur le rapport entre la commune nouvelle et l'intercommunalité. La commune nouvelle est-elle la forme la plus aboutie de l’intercommunalité? / The communal fragmentation is at the origin of the communal crisis. The size of the communal perimeters is indeed inadequate to the needs of the citizens and leads to the marginalization of French municipalities. The merger of municipalities is a response to this situation. The latter has not, for the time, substantially reduce the number of municipalities. Created in 2010, the "commune nouvelle" aims to revive the process of fusion. It is therefore a question of defining the impact of this new fusion regime on the municipality. If the "commune nouvelle" first allows the strengthening of municipalities in their means of action, it also endorses a renewal of their institutions. These two dynamics must be assessed in view of the growing importance of intercommunality. It has long appeared as a competitor of the merger of municipalities. However, the law now imposes inter-municipal cooperation to ail municipalities including "communes nouvelles". This obligation does not condemn the latter to marginality. Indeed, the increase of intermunicipal perimeters recorded in 2015, promotes the emergence of a need of proximity that the majority of municipalities are not able to assume given their size. The development of the "commune nouvelle" is therefore useful to the good govemance of the municipal bloc. It can contain the continuous growth of intercommunality and thus mark the great return of the municipality in the French territorial architecture.