The economic crisis has affected more or less all areas of human life. One of them is of courese the issue of municipal budgets, whose incomes have experienced some changes during the crisis. In this paper first discribes the various tax revenues of municipalities, briefly characterize how the revenues from shared taxes and revenues from municipal taxes and property tax. It also discusses the situation in specific cities, which are Ždírec na Doubravou, Nová Paka and Teplice, where I analyze their individual income tax and municipal taxes policy and policy related to property tax. In the last part complete my analysis some answers to questions which I gave to members of city council of the reasons to some information. Based on collected information, I found that cities in times of economic crisis, fought with a reduction in the budget and trying to change the structure of local taxes and by increasing property tax rates, but each city dealt with this situation differently.

<p>The transformed municipality – Economic and social growth in Örnsköldsvik 1997-2007</p><p>Author: Kristina Hansson</p><p>This thesis focuses on the economic and social growth in the municipality of Örnsköldsvik. It is a single case study and the municipality is studied through economic theories concerning regional growth in the period of 1997-2007. The aim is to analyse whether these theories, such as Åke E. Anderssons and Ulf Strömquists K-society, and other more or less microeconomic assumptions, also are applicable in smaller local contexts. The aim is fulfilled through a mix of text analyses, interviews with leading politicians, civil servants and executives, together with definitions of several quantitative characteristics of economic and social growth. Alternative theories in the thesis concern identity, trust and social capital. Seven independent variables are studied: infrastructure, economic and commercial policy, steering by goals, streamlining, public purchase, marketing and higher education. The results show that while Örnsköldsvik has experienced an extraordinary economic growth, the social growth lags behind. The conclusion is therefore, that economic theories are not enough to explain both economic and social growth at the municipality level. This strengthens the assumption that the explanation to municipal growth in reality lays in the local forces.</p><p>Keywords: structural change, local growth, municipal taxes, public- private cooperation, state-subsidized stimulating measures</p>

This thesis focus on the analysis of the status of the municipal tax for spa or recreational stay and the municapal tax for accommodation in the revenue of selected municipalities in the Czech Republic, including their use in promoting tourism. The first part focuses on theoretical knowledge in the field of public revenues and is dedicated to the concept of local tax and its legal regulations. The analytical part contains a comparison of the position of these local taxes in terms of quantitative indicators, such as income from these local taxes or their share of tax revenue and results of a survey between mayors of selected municipalities divided for the purpose of this work into three categories - spa towns and municipalities , mountain resorts and popular tourist destinations. The results of the survey in the Czech Republic are compared with these local taxes in selected European cities. In conlusion, the results of the survey are discussed and furthermore, current legislation solutions are suggested which would streamline the use of municipal taxes for spa or recreational stay and accommodation.

The main contribution of this thesis is an evaluation of the situation of particular local fees and property tax in municipal budgets of the Czech Republic. First, the thesis deals with evaluation of tax autonomy of Czech municipalities within international comparison and then it focuses on question how much municipalities use their tax competence. Therefore, municipalities are divided into size categories such as 0 -- 500, 501 -- 2 000, 2001 -- 5 000, 5001 -- 10 000, 10 001 -- 20 000 and 20 001 -- 50 000 inhabitants. One of the conclusion of my thesis is finding the high measure of aversion of particular municipalities with respect to the local taxation. Thus, municipalities are not willing to increase their responsibility for tax revenue not from the perspective of economic reason but primarily because of political reason. Elected representatives of municipalities have the feeling that the expansion of their tax competence is in conflict with the aim of their re-election. Therefore, these elected representatives insist on the central level responsibility for taxation and administrative security of tax administration. This attitude might be observed across all observed size categories of municipalities. The methodology for this thesis is going to be a questionnaire survey when for this purpose mayors of randomly selected municipalities have been joined, then the analysis of selected tax revenues and the following comparison of data among particular size categories of municipalities.

This paper aims to quantify the municipal tax revenue effects of built-up area increases. The assumed existence of these effects is one of the key reasons for ongoing land consumption on the side of the municipalities. Some previous case studies however suggested that these effects might be not large enough especially in rural municipalities and would thus make land development not profitable. We estimate the effect of built-up industrial and commercial (BIC) area change on the business tax revenues in cross-sectional instrumental variable (IV) estimations. Based on detailed data for Bavaria, we find a significant and positive tax revenue effect of an increase in municipal BIC area. There exist strong differences in the size of this effect between urban and rural municipalities. The largest effects are generated by the BIC area in the large cities and become substantially smaller when these are dropped from the sample. Based on these findings, we reflect on the tradable planning permits (TPP) scheme recently discussed in the land use literature in the context of policies aiming to limit land consumption. Furthermore, we relate our estimates to the average municipal costs for land development and execute a number of robustness checks.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo Leandro Martins dos Santos.pdf: 536778 bytes, checksum: 10b31b8ddc2da77286d5544a0b4272e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-11 / The signature of international treaties establishing exemptions of taxes under the authority of the remaining federal entities (heteronomous tax exemptions) occasions numberless doctrine and case law discrepancies. Article 84, item VIII of the Federal Constitution sets forth that it will be incumbent upon the President of the Republic to sign Treaties, Conventions and International Acts. Therefore, and by acting in the name of the Country, the President of the Republic also acts in the name of all integrated parts of the Federal Republic of Brazil, regardless if they are states, municipalities, or territories, and no restriction applying to handling matters within the jurisdiction of other federal agencies. This possibility arises out from the fact that the Union can either act by itself, or in the name of the Federation, sometimes exercising its power as a legal entity, sometimes on behalf of the Federative Republic of Brazil, in both the domestic territory and in the international domain. In the domestic territory, it shows the Federation disposition, as it issues National Laws, and demonstrates the Union will when it issues Federal Laws. In the international domain, it represents the entire Federation by maintaining relationships with the Foreign States, participating in international conventions, waging wars and restoring peace, thereby exercising National Sovereignty. / A celebração de tratados internacionais estipulando isenções em tributos de competência dos demais entes federativos (isenções heterônomas), ocasiona divergências doutrinárias e jurisprudenciais. O artigo 84, inciso VIII da Constituição Federal determina ser de competência do Presidente da República a celebração de Tratados, Convenções e Atos Internacionais. Assim sendo, e por agir em nome do País, o Presidente da República também atua em nome de todos os integrantes da República Federativa do Brasil, sejam estados, municípios ou territórios, não havendo qualquer restrição para tratar de matérias de competência dos outros entes federativos. Tal possibilidade decorre do fato da União tanto poder agir em nome próprio, como em nome da Federação, ora manifesta-se por si, como pessoa jurídica, ora em nome da República Federativa do Brasil, tanto no plano interno, como no plano internacional. No plano interno, revela a vontade da Federação ao editar leis nacionais, e demonstra a intenção da União quando edita leis federais. No plano internacional, representa toda a Federação quando mantém relações com estados estrangeiros, participa de convenções internacionais, declara guerra e celebra a paz, salientando desta forma a Soberania Nacional.

The transformed municipality – Economic and social growth in Örnsköldsvik 1997-2007 Author: Kristina Hansson This thesis focuses on the economic and social growth in the municipality of Örnsköldsvik. It is a single case study and the municipality is studied through economic theories concerning regional growth in the period of 1997-2007. The aim is to analyse whether these theories, such as Åke E. Anderssons and Ulf Strömquists K-society, and other more or less microeconomic assumptions, also are applicable in smaller local contexts. The aim is fulfilled through a mix of text analyses, interviews with leading politicians, civil servants and executives, together with definitions of several quantitative characteristics of economic and social growth. Alternative theories in the thesis concern identity, trust and social capital. Seven independent variables are studied: infrastructure, economic and commercial policy, steering by goals, streamlining, public purchase, marketing and higher education. The results show that while Örnsköldsvik has experienced an extraordinary economic growth, the social growth lags behind. The conclusion is therefore, that economic theories are not enough to explain both economic and social growth at the municipality level. This strengthens the assumption that the explanation to municipal growth in reality lays in the local forces. Keywords: structural change, local growth, municipal taxes, public- private cooperation, state-subsidized stimulating measures

Submitted by Kleber Sousa (kleber@futurovirtual.com) on 2012-12-10T14:42:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado - Kleber com ficha catalográfica.pdf: 1163295 bytes, checksum: 062f5f81869eea3aeb7190a98c11bcba (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2012-12-18T11:21:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado - Kleber com ficha catalográfica.pdf: 1163295 bytes, checksum: 062f5f81869eea3aeb7190a98c11bcba (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-12-19T18:49:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado - Kleber com ficha catalográfica.pdf: 1163295 bytes, checksum: 062f5f81869eea3aeb7190a98c11bcba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-12-19T18:49:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado - Kleber com ficha catalográfica.pdf: 1163295 bytes, checksum: 062f5f81869eea3aeb7190a98c11bcba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-01 / This study aims to investigate the effects of municipal tax collection and polítical variables in the differenee of límit of 15% of spending with tax resources in the healthy services and aetions of municipalities from states of Pernambnco. The researeh is exploratory and used regression analysis with panel data as a quantitative method. It was made a data collection in the data banks of Ministry of Health, the National Treasury and the Supreme Electoral Tribunal referring to the 184 municipalíties, corresponding to the period of 2005 to 2009. It can be conc1uded that in election year there is an increase of 0,49% of healthy spending with tax resources and that there is a decrease of 0,63% in the differenee of applícation in mnnicipalities administered by party with the same affi1iation of the ruler. The per capita tax eollection, electoral competition for the office of mayor and party ideology of rulers do not affeet in the differenee of limit of 15% of expenditure with tax resources in healthy actions of Pernambuco' s municipalities. / Esse estudo tem por objetivo investigar os efeitos da arrecadação dos impostos municipais e de variáveis políticas na diferença do limite de 15% dos gastos com recursos de impostos nas ações e serviços de saúde dos municípios pernambucanos. A pesquisa é exploratória e utilizou método quantitativo com o emprego de regressões com dados em painel. Para tanto, foram levantados dados nas bases de dados do Ministério de Saúde, Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional e do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral dos 184 municípios, correspondente ao período de 2005 a 2009. A pesquisa conclui que em ano eleitoral os gestores municipais aumentam os gastos em saúde com recursos de impostos em 0,49% e que municípios administrados pelo partido de afiliação do governador reduz a diferença de aplicação em 0,63%. A arrecadação dos impostos per capita, competição eleitoral para o cargo de prefeito e ideologia partidária dos governos não afetam na diferença do limite de 15% dos gastos com recursos de impostos em ações de saúde dos municípios pernambucanos.

This paper aims to quantify the municipal tax revenue effects of built-up area increases. The assumed existence of these effects is one of the key reasons for ongoing land consumption on the side of the municipalities. Some previous case studies however suggested that these effects might be not large enough especially in rural municipalities and would thus make land development not profitable. We estimate the effect of built-up industrial and commercial (BIC) area change on the business tax revenues in cross-sectional instrumental variable (IV) estimations. Based on detailed data for Bavaria, we find a significant and positive tax revenue effect of an increase in municipal BIC area. There exist strong differences in the size of this effect between urban and rural municipalities. The largest effects are generated by the BIC area in the large cities and become substantially smaller when these are dropped from the sample. Based on these findings, we reflect on the tradable planning permits (TPP) scheme recently discussed in the land use literature in the context of policies aiming to limit land consumption. Furthermore, we relate our estimates to the average municipal costs for land development and execute a number of robustness checks.

El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar el impacto de la devolución de pagos indebidos por arbitrios en la liquidez de las empresas ubicadas en la urbanización La Encantada de Villa - Chorrillos, año 2020. El trabajo se encuentra estructurado en cinco capítulos, según se detalla: Capítulo I: Marco Teórico, desarrollado con fuentes primarias mediante las cuales se ha definido los conceptos generales de las variables en estudio, sus características, relación e impacto. A continuación, en el Capítulo II: Plan de Investigación, se describe la problemática y se determina los objetivos e hipótesis generales y específicas. Luego, en el Capítulo III: Metodología de la Investigación, se define el diseño y enfoque de investigación a desarrollar y se determina el tamaño de la población y muestra con las cuales, a través de un enfoque mixto, empleando instrumentos como la entrevista en profundidad y la encuesta, se obtiene información cualitativa y cuantitativa sobre la población. Seguidamente, en el Capítulo IV: Desarrollo de la Investigación, se aplica los instrumentos previamente definidos y se presenta un caso práctico en el que se evalua el impacto de la devolución de pagos indebidos por arbitrios en la liquidez. Finalmente, en el Capítulo V: Análisis de los Resultados, se valida la hipótesis general y las hipótesis específicas a través de la evaluación de los resultados obtenidos en los instrumentos empleados y en el caso práctico, para finalmente, formular conclusiones y recomendaciones a la presente investigación. / The main goal of this investigation is to determine the impact of the refund of undue payments for Municipal Taxes on Liquidity of the companies located in La Encantada de Villa Urbanization - Chorrillos, 2020. This research is organized in 5 chapters, as detailed: Chapter I: Theoretical Framework, developed using primary sources through which we have defined the general concepts of the variables under study, their characteristics, relationships, and impact. Next, in Chapter II: Research Plan, the problematic is described, and the goals and general and specific hypotheses are determined. Then, in Chapter III: Methodology of the Research, the type of research to be carried out is defined and the size of the population and sample are determined with which, through a mixed approach, using instruments such as the in-depth interview and the survey, we obtein qualitative and quantitative information about the population. Furthermore, in Chapter IV: Development of the Research, the previously defined instruments are applied and a practical case is developed, in order to evaluate the impact of the refund of undue payments for municipal taxes on the liquidity. Finally, in Chapter V: Analysis of Results, we validate the general and specific hypotheses by examining the results obtained in the interviews with specialists, surveys, and practical case, to finally formulate the conclusions and recommendations. / Tesis